经尿道等离子体双极电切术治疗良性前列腺增生及膀胱肿瘤

目的　探讨经尿道等离子体双极电切的安全性与有效性。　方法　用经尿道等离子体双极电切行前列腺切除 (PKRP) 30 0例 ,前列腺 2 1～ 12 6 g ,平均 (49.7± 35 .8) g ;行浅表性膀胱肿瘤切除 (PKRBT) 37例 ,肿瘤分级G12 5例 ,G2 12例。术后随访 1～ 6个月。　结果　PKRP手术时间 13～ 98min ,平均 (48± 31)min ;切除前列腺组织重量 7～ 91g ,平均 (31± 2 9)g。无 1例需输血 ,无电切综合征发生。术后 1、3、6个月 ,最大尿流率 (Qmax)由术前的 (5 .2± 3.9)ml/s分别上升至 (19.2±4 .1)、(2 1.8± 4 .6 )、(2 2 .3± 5 .7)ml/s;国际前列腺症状评分 (IPSS)由术前的 2 4 .7下降至 5 .7、5 .4、5 .1;生活质量评分 (QOL)由术前的 5 .3分别下降至 1.7、1.8、1.2。 3项指标手术前后比较差异均有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。PKRBT手术时间 5～ 39min ,平均 (2 4± 13)min。 17例侧壁肿瘤切除时 ,5例发生闭孔神经反射 ,其中 1例发生膀胱穿孔。随访 1～ 6个月无复发。　结论　用等离子体双极电切进行PKRP和PKRBT安全有效。     

喉咽癌手术放疗后甲状腺功能减退

本文对４２例喉咽癌手术及放疗后患者甲状腺功能的变化的初步探讨表明：在治疗结束后不同时间内有５７．１％的患者Ｔ４降低及（或）ＴＳＨ升高，其中放疗结合甲状腺部分切除者其发生率高达７３．９％，而未行甲状腺部分切除者仅３８．５％，两者呈显著差异（Ｐ＝０．０３）。术前或术后放疗对甲状腺功能影响较小，亦无明显差异。发生时间在治疗结束后２年内尤其在１年左右为多见。     

放大内镜及实体镜检查结肠肿瘤性病变(附139例报告)

目的探讨如何通过放大内镜观察到的大肠粘膜腺管开口类型发现早期大肠癌及癌前病变。方法2001年8月~2002年2月结肠镜检查139例大肠病变,采用内镜下粘膜染色技术,结合放大内镜、实体显微镜观察腺管开口分型(pit分型)并与病理诊断对照,pit分型采用工藤分型。结果139例患者中发现大肠息肉124例,进展期癌9例,侧向发育型肿瘤(LST)型病变5例,ⅡC病变1例。LST直径10~50 mm,其中ⅢL型1个,Ⅳ型4个。本组放大内镜与病理、实体镜诊断符合率较高。结论大肠腺管开口对于判断肿瘤性、非肿瘤性病变以及早期大肠癌具有重要意义,如发现有Ⅴ型腺管开口时则高度提示早期癌的可能。     

Inhibition of angiogenesis by antibody blocking the action of proangiogenic high-molecular-weight kininogen

Summary.  Previously we demonstrated that domain 5 (D5) of high-molecular-weight kininogen (HK) inhibits neovascularization in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay and further found that kallikrein cleaved HK (HKa) inhibited FGF2-and VEGF-induced neovascularization, and thus was antiangiogenic. In this study, we sought to demonstrate whether uncleaved HK stimulates neovascularization and thus is proangiogenic. The chick chorioallantoic membrane was used as an in ovo assay of angiogenesis. Low-molecular-weight kininogen stimulates angiogenesis, indicating that D5 is not involved. Bradykinin stimulates neovascularization equally to HK and LK and is likely to be responsible for the effect of HK. A murine monoclonal antibody to HK (C11C1) also recognizes a similar component in chicken plasma as detected by surface plasmon resonance. Angiogenesis induced by FGF2 and VEGF is inhibited by this monoclonal antibody and is a more potent inhibitor of neovascularization induced by VEGF than an integrin α_vβ₃ antibody (LM 609). Our postulate that C11C1 inhibits the stimulation of angiogenesis by HK was confirmed when either C11C1 or D5 completely inhibited angiogenesis in the CAM induced by HK. Growth of human fibrosarcoma (HT-1080) on the CAM was inhibited by GST-D5 and C11C1. These results indicate HK is proangiogenic probably by releasing bradykinin and that a monoclonal antibody directed to HK could serve as an antiangiogenic agent with a potential for inhibiting tumor angiogenesis and other angiogenesis-mediated disorders.     

喉癌术后迟发性感染32例报告

目的：探讨喉癌患者术后出现迟发性感染的原因和治疗方法。方法：患者均为男性，平均58岁；声门上区21例(T1N0M0 5例、T1N1M0 6例、T1N2M0 4例、T2N0M0 2例、T2N0M0 3例、T3N2M0 1例)，声门区10例(T2N0M0 3例、T3N0M04例、T3N1M0 3例)，外院全喉切除术后1例(TNM分期不详)；喉重建术31例，术后18例(56．25％)患者接受放疗。迟发性感染发生在术后1～10个月，平均术后5．6个月；1～3个月13例，4～6个月16例，7～10个月3例，合并颌下隙感染2例。静脉应用广谱抗生素同时切开排脓或行局部扩大清创术，32例中23例(72．5％)切口内发现缝合丝线头。结果：10例10d左右完全愈合，22例愈合时间为15d～0，5年，平均2个月。随访2月～8年，失访5例，20例患者存活，9例患者拔管保留喉功能，死亡7例。结论：迟发性感染的主要原因是颈部切口留有缝线、细菌感染、手术局部血运差、放射治疗等。     

Diet and premenopausal bilateral breast cancer: A case-control study

We investigated associations between diet and premenopausal bilateral breast cancer in a familial matched case-control study. We studied 140 cases from population-based registries in Los Angeles County (California) and Connecticut, and from the major hospitals in the southern parts of the Province of Quebec. Unaffected sisters of the cases served as matched controls (222 total). Dietary intake were assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. Total fat, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, oleic acid, and linoleic acid intake was inversely associated with premenopausal bilateral breast cancer risk. Consumption of carbohydrates (and sweetened beverages) was associated with an increased risk. We observed no associations for dietary fiber, antioxidants, or major food groupings, but we did observe inverse associations for intake of low fat dairy products and tofu. These findings suggest that monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, as well as soy foods, might reduce the risk of premenopausal bilateral breast cancer.     

人喉癌裸鼠移植瘤模型的建立及部分生物学特性研究

用人喉癌手术切除标本建立了裸鼠移植瘤模型,已传至13代。原代移植成功率为66.7％,潜伏期30～70d;鼠间传代移植成功率为100％,潜伏期14～19d,生长稳定。经光学显微镜检查,各代移植瘤组织结构与原人喉癌组织基本一致。电镜检查证明,具有人喉癌特征,癌细胞间有大量桥粒,细胞浆中可见张力原纤维,有的张力原纤维与桥粒相连。细胞表面有较大的指状突,核膜较规则,胞浆中线粒体较多。     

Testicular seminoma with human chorionic gonadotropin production

Testicular seminoma with elevated serum human chorionic gonadotropin level (hCG-positive seminoma) is regarded as more malignant than marker-negative seminoma, although Its prognosis is still unclear. To clarify the malignant potential of seminoma with hCG production, the serum levels of the beta subunit of hCG (β-hCG) and lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) were examined in 35 and 40 patients, respectively, and the Immunohistochemical expression of β-hCG examined in 45 tumors. The elevation of the LDH serum level correlated to the Invasive status, metestatic status and poor outcome, while that of the serum β-hCG level correlated only to the metastatic status. Immunohistochemical expression of β-hCG was observed in syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells in 11 tumors and a few mononuclear seminoma cells In 36 tumors. Expression was not associated with the malignancy potential, except where the expression In mononuclear cells Inversely correlated to the invasive status. These results suggest that most seminomas produce a slight amount of hCG; that an elevated hCG serum level Indicates the pressnce of metastatic tumors and mainly reflects an increase in tumor volume but not in cellular malignancy potential; and that the LDH serum level, rather than hCG, is more useful as a prognostic indicator for patients with seminoma.     

鼻腔、副鼻窦原发性肿瘤70例CT分析

本文回顾分析了70例经手术病理证实的鼻腔、副鼻窦原发性良恶性肿瘤的临床和CT表现。讨论了良恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断,不典型的CT表现及CT的检查价值,认为CT检查可做为鼻腔、副鼻窦肿瘤的首选方法。     

胃癌组织内微血管定量的意义

目的：研究胃癌组织中微血管数量（MVC）与临床病理因素及预后的关系。方法：材料取自瑞金医院1988年～1991年胃癌手术切除标本，共128例。抗因子Ⅷ相关抗原（F-ⅧRAg）的单克隆抗体和免疫组化试剂盒购自Dako公司。研究方法按LSAB法免疫组织化学操作技术常规进行；微血管定量以镜下200倍，肿瘤内5个最高微血管密度区的MVC均数表示；分析MVC与临床病理因素之间关系，并对有完整5年随访资料的86例胃癌患者预后与MVC关系进行探讨。结果：所有胃癌组织中的平均MVC为16.5±8．5，MVC随TNM分期增加而增加，有淋巴结转移患者的MVC（18．3±8.7）明显高于无淋巴结转移患者（13．8±7．4）（P＜0．01），高MVC（≥16）胃癌患者比低MVC（＜16）患者预后明显为差，5年生存率分别为42.5％和58．7％（P＜0．05）。结论：MVC在胃癌患者是一个有意义的预后指标．