促肾上腺皮质激素治疗36例婴儿痉挛症的疗效分析

目的分析促肾上腺皮质激素（adrenocorticotrop hichormone,ACTH）治疗婴儿痉挛症的疗效。方法收集我院2009年1月至2012年10月36例婴儿痉挛症患儿的临床资料,分析其ACTH治疗前后发作缓解率、脑电图改变及智力发育的改善情况。结果（1）治疗结束后5d、3个月、6个月的临床完全缓解率分别为86．1％（31／36）、77．8％（28／36）、50．0％（18／36）;有效率分别为11．1％（4／36）、13．9％（5／36）、36．1％（13／36）;无效率分别为2．8％（1／36）、8．3％（3／36）、13．9％（5／36）。脑电图完全缓解率分别为75．0％（27／36）、58．3％（21／36）、44．4％（16／36）。（2）治疗后3个月、6个月分别与治疗前比较,各能区功能、智龄及发育商均有不同程度的提高（P〈0．001）;治疗后6个月与治疗后3个月比较各能区功能、智龄及发育商均有提高（P〈0．001）。尤其在大动作及适应行为、社交行为方面进步显著。结论确诊婴儿痉挛症后及时应用ACTH治疗,对控制痉挛发作、短期内提高智力发育及改善脑电图具有积极的作用。     

Epileptic phenotypes in children with respiratory chain disorders

Purpose: Epilepsy is a commonly reported but rarely described clinical hallmark of mitochondrial respiratory chain defects (RCDs) with encephalopathy. Methods: From 1990–2006 we collected data about 56 children with RCD (single, n = 24 or multiple, n = 20 mitochondrial complex deficiencies; mtDNA mutation, n = 11; mtDNA depletion n = 10 of 21; and nuclear gene mutation n = 11). Epileptic features were reviewed retrospectively. Results: First seizures were frequently (47 patients, 82.5%) preceded by failure to thrive, psychomotor delay, ataxia, or multisystemic dysfunction. Sixty percent of the patients had several seizure types. Six age‐related epilepsy phenotypes could be identified: status epilepticus complicating neonatal multivisceral deficiency (2 patients), neonatal myoclonic encephalopathy (3 patients), infantile spasms (8 patients), refractory or recurrent status epilepticus (21 patients), epilepsia partialis continua (4 patients), and myoclonic epilepsy (18 patients). Except for infantile spasms, epilepsy was difficult to control in most patients (95%). Valproate was administered to 25 patients, one of whom developed acute liver failure 6 days later. Twenty‐two patients (45%) died, half of them within 9 months from the onset of epilepsy. Discussion: In RCD, epilepsy is not only difficult to control but its occurrence often indicates a severe turn in the course of the disease. For one‐third of the patients, classical biochemical measures failed to reveal any abnormality and RCD could be detected in the liver only.     

Molecular identification of coliform bacteria from colicky breastfed infants

Objective:  To determine the presence of intestinal coliform bacteria in colicky vs healthy infants.
Study design:  We isolated coliform strains from faeces and performed quantitative bacterial cultures in 41 colicky and 39 healthy breastfed infants, identified using PCR with species-specific primers, strain-specific Automated Ribotyping and the API-50E kit for Enterobacteriaceae to identify the most frequent strains.
Results:  Coliform strains were more abundant in colicky infants (median 6.04 log₁₀ CFU/g faeces, range 2.00–8.76) vs controls (median 4.47 log₁₀ CFU/g faeces, range 1.00–8.08) (p = 0.026). Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae , K. oxytoca , Enterobacter cloacae , E. aerogenes and Enterococcus faecalis were the predominant species in colicky and healthy infants. The counts of each bacterial species differed between the two groups, and the difference was significant (p = 0.002) for E. coli : median 6.30 log₁₀ CFU/g faeces (range 3.00–8.74) in colicky infants, and median 4.70 log₁₀ CFU/g faeces (range 2.00–5.85) in controls.
Conclusions:  This is the first study to evaluate the colonization patterns of gas-forming coliforms in colicky infants and healthy controls identified by molecular methods. Coliform bacteria, particularly Escherichia coli, were found to be more abundant in colicky infants. Our data could help to shed light on the cause of infantile colic.     

Tissue and serum mRNA profile of MMPs-2/9 as a potential novel biomarker for the most individual approach in infantile hemangiomas and cancer disease

Propranolol is a widely-known beta-blocker approved for treating infantile hemangiomas (IH). The mechanisms behind the spectacular IH involution after propranolol treatment remain unclear. Recently, there is strong evidence of overexpression of numerous angiogenic factors in IH tissues, and it is reported that propranolol influences their pathways. However, a number of MMPs studies is highly limited. Here, for the first time, we propose a comprehensive approach by analyzing the expression levels of metalloproteinases-2/9 (MMPs-2/9) and tissue metalloproteinase inhibitor-2 (TIMP-2) in vivo on both, molecular and immunohistochemical levels, and in both, IH tissues and in the serum of IH patients, and relates the obtained results to the tumor’s biology and systemic propranolol treatment.Material and methodsMMPs-2/9 and TIMP-2 were analyzed in 71 IH tissue samples using immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR, and in 50 serum samples of IH patients by ELISA.ResultsSignificantly lower MMPs-2/9 and higher TIMP-2 levels were observed in IH tissues on the mRNA level as well as lower serum MMP-2 concentration among the treated individuals.ConclusionMMPs-2/9 and TIMP-2 are both involved in the biology of IH and the propranolol pathways enabling their antiangiogenic properties. The most reliable method of IH examination appears to be direct MMPs-2/9 mRNA evaluation in tumor tissue; and MMP-2 evaluation in patients’ serum is a valuable complement to it. Tissue and serum mRNA MMPs assessment may represent a suitable novel biomarker identifying tumor progression and involution processes with potential clinical impact in IH as well as in cancer disease.     

660例小儿肺炎病原学和耐药性分析

目的:探讨小儿肺炎的病原学及耐药性。方法:采用无菌吸痰管连接负压吸引器吸取660例小儿肺炎咽部的痰液,对标本进行细菌学培养,测定药物敏感性。结果:分离菌中,以革兰阴性细菌居首位,占62.99%,大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌为主要菌种,美洛培南、亚胺培南、环丙沙星最敏感;其次为革兰阳性细菌,占37.11%,以链球菌及金黄色葡萄菌为主,对万古霉素、头孢哌酮、头孢噻肟最敏感。结论:结果显示小儿肺炎革兰阴性细菌为主,并出现多重耐药。抗生素治疗应根据细菌学指导选择敏感的抗生素,在未获得明确病原菌之前,应根据感染流行趋势,根据小儿的特点经验性选择合适的抗生素治疗。     

小儿急性上呼吸道感染3种治疗方案的成本-效果分析

目的:评价3种用药方案治疗小儿急性上呼吸道感染的成本-效果。方法:将96例患儿随机分成3组,A组(34例)给予莪术油治疗,B组(32例)给予双黄连治疗、C组(30例)给予银黄清治疗,观察其疗效并进行成本-效果分析。结果:3组成本分别为61.50元、80.40元、18.00元,总有效率分别为73.53%、96.88%、86.67%,成本-效果比分别为0.84、0.83、0.21,A、B组相对于C组的增量成本-效果比分别为-3.31、6.11。结论:C组方案是小儿急性上呼吸道感染的最佳治疗方案。     

肺腧穴外治法治疗小儿肺炎的研究近况

概述了近几年小儿肺炎的肺腧穴外治法研究,介绍了敷贴疗法、经皮疗法、拔罐疗法、穴位注射疗法以及TDP-J照射疗法在临床的治疗效果,研究显示肺腧穴外治法药物作用于人体的剂量较小、方法简便、疗效好、副作用少,但目前对其实验室指标的研究等较少。     

轮状病毒致婴幼儿腹泻的血清心肌酶谱分析

目的探讨轮状病毒致腹泻的婴幼儿血清心肌酶谱的变化与病情的关系。方法肌酸激酶同工酶（CKMB）采用NAC-免疫抑制法测定，天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、磷酸肌酸激酶（CPK）、羟丁酸脱氢酶（HBDH）采用酶动力法测定。测定327例腹泻婴幼儿血清心肌酶谱含量，并根据病情将婴幼儿分为轻症组（166例）和重症组（161例），非轮状病毒腹泻婴幼儿243例为对照组。结果发现对照组心肌酶谱异常率明显低于观察组（P〈0．01）。心电图和心肌酶谱同时异常的患儿心肌酶升高水平较单纯，心肌酶谱异常患儿差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论轮状病毒腹泻性肠炎婴幼儿伴心肌损害。心肌损害的轻重与病情的轻重有关。心电图和心肌酶谱同时改变者心肌酶水平显著增高。提示心肌酶谱变化有助于临床判断心肌有无损害及心肌损害的程度。     

益气通督手法治疗小儿脾虚泻的多中心随机对照研究

目的:对益气通督手法治疗小儿脾虚泻的疗效进行评价。方法:将275例患儿采用多中心、随机、对照方法分为观察组(n=137)和对照组(n=138),观察组采用益气通督手法治疗,对照组采用中医院校教材《推拿学》中所规定手法治疗。治疗7天后比较两组疗效。结果:观察组治愈率为83.2%,对照组治愈率为69.6%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组疗效优于对照组。两组平均治愈时间比较,观察组平均治愈时间(3.22±1.04)天,对照组平均治愈时间(4.20±1.11)天,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组短于对照组。结论:益气通督手法治疗小儿脾虚泻疗效确切,起效快,适宜普及推广应用。     

中西结合治疗小儿秋季腹泻80例疗效观察

目的 观察温阳健脾法治疗小儿秋季腹泻的临床效果.方法 160例秋季腹泻患儿随机分为治疗组和对照组各80例,治疗组运用附子理中汤加味口服:对照组口服思密达和整肠生;中重犁均加静脉补液.3d后统计疗效.结果 治疗组痊愈50例、好转24例、无效6例,总有效率92.5%;对照组痊愈28例、好转32例、无效20例,总有效率75%.两组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论 中西结合治疗小儿秋季腹泻疗效肯定.操作简单易行,值得临床推广.