原发性肝癌血清糖抗原50的检测及意义

目的 探讨血清糖抗原５０（ＣＡ５０）检测在原发性肝癌诊断中的价值。方法 采用ＩＲＭＡ方法检测３８例原发性肝癌患者血清ＣＡ５０水平,并与４３例良性肝病及２０例正常对照对比分析。结果 肝癌患者血清ＣＡ５０明显高于良性肝病组及正常对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）。ＣＡ５０诊断肝癌的敏感性为５７．８％,与ＡＦＰ联合检测诊断肝癌的敏感性可由单纯测定ＡＦＰ的６５．７％提高到８９．４％。结论 在原发性肝癌中,血清ＣＡ５０     

胃癌患者8种肿瘤标志物测定的临床价值

对 30 2例胃癌术前检测CA5 0、CA199、CA12 5、CA72 4、CEA、β2 -MG、SA、Fer等 8种肿瘤标志物 ,并按年龄、胃癌病期及病理分类分组分析。结果 :(1) 30 2例胃癌血清中 8种肿瘤标志物总的阳性率依次为 β2 -MG6 5 .9%、CA19932 .1%、CA72 42 9.5 %、SA2 4.5 %、CA12 5 16 .9%、CEA13 .2 %、CA5 0 11.6 %、Fer(- )。 (2 ) 8种肿瘤标志物阳性率与年龄大小均无关。 (3) β2 -MG、CA72 4、CA12 5、CA199、SA、CEA、在Ⅲ、Ⅳ期病例中均较敏感 ,且随病期增加 ,阳性率增高。 (4 )CA199和CA72 4对腺癌、β2 -MG和SA对低分化腺癌、β2 -MG和CA72 4对粘液癌、混合型癌阳性率较高。提示血清测β2 -MG、CA199、CA72 4、SA、CA12 5对胃癌的辅助诊断有一定应用价值     

癫痫患者P50听觉诱发电位的研究

目的 探讨Ｐ５０在癫痫患者检测中的临床价值。方法 对２５例癫痫患者进行Ｐ５０测试,分析Ｐ５０波的潜伏明和波幅以及在不同刺激频率时Ｐ５０波幅的比率。选择年龄、性别２与患者组相匹配的２５名健康受试者对照组,结果 癫痫患者组Ｐ５３波的潜伏期较长,波幅则显著减低,其中以１８例颞叶癫痫２表现显著,７例额叶癫痫２不明显。刺激频率稍加快时,患者组Ｐ５０的波幅比率明显减小。结论Ｐ５０波的潜伏期和以应异常与颞叶功能     

Effects of transforming growth factor-β1 on formation and activation of osteoclasts

Transforming growth factor-₁ (TGF-₁) has biological functions in various types of cells. However, its roles in the regulation of osteoclast formation and function are unclear. To examine them, we employed a culture system in which unfractionated cells obtained from long bones of 13-day-old mice were cultured on a dentine slice. We found that TGF-₁ has a potent inhibitory effect on osteoclastic bone resorption at a dose of 0.2–5 ng/ml. By electron microscopy the osteoclasts appeared to have fewer mitochondria and ruffled borders than those in control cultures. But in the presence of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃, [1,25-(OH)₂D₃], TGF-₁ at a dose of 0.2–1 ng/ml stimulated the formation of osteoclasts from unfractionated bone cell cultures in which preexistent osteoclasts had degenerated. Thus, using stromal cell-free he-mopoietic blast cells, we examined the direct action of TGF-₁ on osteoclast precursors. Although TGF-₁ inhibited tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive (TRAP) multinucleate cell (MNC) formation induced by 1,25-(OH)₂D₃, the conditioned medium (CM) of TGF-₁-treated MC3T3-E1 cells stimulated such formation. These results suggest that TGF-₁ inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption but stimulates osteoclast formation via the action of factor(s) produced by TGF-₁-treated osteoblasts in the presence of 1,25-(OH)₂D₃.     

宁夏贝母总碱的镇咳与祛痰作用

目的：研究宁夏贝母总碱的止咳、祛痰作用。方法：小鼠吸入氨水引咳,观察给药前后小鼠咳嗽次数的变化。小鼠腹腔注射酚红,测定给药前后小鼠支气管酚红分泌量,观察祛痰作用。结果：宁夏贝母总碱（２５,５０ｍｇ／ｋｇｉｇ）可明显减少小鼠咳嗽次数（与对照组１８３次／２ｍｉｎ相比,分别为９１次／２ｍｉｎ和７０次／２ｍｉｎ）,延长咳嗽的潜伏期（分别从２６２ｓ延长至４４１ｓ和５０５ｓ）;宁夏贝母总碱（２５,５０ｍｇ／ｋｇｉｇ）可显著增加小鼠支气管分泌酚红的量（分别从６２４μｍｏｌ／Ｌ增至８６０和９８０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）;宁夏贝母总碱半数致死量（ＬＤ５０）为５８３ｍｇ／ｋｇ（９５％可信限为５３４～６３１ｍｇ／ｋｇ,ｉｐ）。结论：宁夏贝母总生物碱具有与蛇胆川贝液（主要含川贝母总碱）常用治疗量类似作用强度的止咳、化痰作用。     

Flow-mediated cell stress induction in adherent leukocytes is accompanied by modulation of morphology and phagocytic function

Leukocytes adherent to the surfaces of both vascular biomaterials and normal blood vessels experience blood flow induced shear stress. The goal of the reported studies was to investigate the effect of fluid flow on the morphology, phagocytic function and stress response induction in adherent immune cells. Shear approximating arterial, venous and intermediate levels were applied onto glass-adherent IC21 macrophages in a temperature-controlled parallel plate flow system. The results indicate that fluid flow induces a shear-dependent physiological stress response in adherent macrophages and that significant morphological changes accompany macrophage responses to shear stress. In addition, arterial flow conditions induce not only significant cell polarisation, but also enhanced phagocytic ingestion in glass-adherent IC21 macrophages. These findings suggest that blood flow induced shear stress may not only be consequent to adherent leukocyte activation, but may also be integral to the regulation of adherent leukocyte behaviour in vivo.     

甲基叔丁基醚的急性毒性研究

为研究国产甲基叔丁基醚（ＭＴＢＥ）的毒性,比较与国外产品的异同,选用大、小鼠及家兔,采用经口、呼吸道及皮肤等染毒途径,同时对国产及进口ＭＴＢＥ的急性毒性进行研究,结果表明：国产及进口ＭＴＢＥ的小鼠经口ＬＤ５０分别为２９４５．２和２９４４．４ｍｇ／ｋｇ,大鼠均为３４３３．６ｍｇ／ｋｇ。小鼠经呼吸道ＬＣ５０分别为７２９８８．３和９９６３０ｍｇ／ｍ３,大鼠为８５３２０和１０３４１０ｍｇ／ｍ３。急性中毒表现均为先兴奋,然后出现粘膜刺激症状,运动失调,活动减少,麻醉,最后死亡。兔经皮染毒仅见脱脂现象,无致炎、致敏或中毒作用。但对兔眼睛有较强致炎作用。结论：国产或进口ＭＴＢＥ的动物经口或经呼吸道急性毒性基本相同,均属低毒物,经皮属微毒物,但对兔眼有明显刺激和致炎作用     

肺癌患者血清与支气管肺泡灌洗液四项放免肿瘤指标同步检测的结果分析

对３８例肺癌患者的血清和支气管肺泡灌洗液（ＢＡＬＦ）同步进行ＣＥＡ、ＣＡ－５０、ＡＦＰ、ＳＦ的检测。结果显示：肺癌ＢＡＬＦ的ＣＥＡ浓度测值７３％明显高于血清中ＣＥＡ浓度;ＣＡ－５０浓度测值６８％高于血清;ＳＦ９２％明显低于血清中测值;而ＡＦＰ在肺癌患者无论血清及灌洗液中,阳性率均低于７％,但仍是ＢＡＬＦ的浓度测值敏感于血清。提示支气管肺泡灌洗液的ＣＥＡ、ＣＡ－５０与血清的同步检测是目前肺癌早期诊断的主要优选方法之一。     

Bremazocine reduces unrestricted free-choice ethanol self-administration in rats without affecting sucrose preference

It has been postulated that opioid systems in the brain may play a role in ethanol reinforcement. In this respect, μ- and δ-opioid receptors may mediate the rewarding effects whereas κ receptors are thought to mediate the aversive effects of opioids. Accordingly, long-acting benzomorphans such as bremazocine, that simultaneously act as μ and δ receptor antagonists and κ receptor agonists may be particularly effective in reducing ethanol self-administration. Therefore, we studied the effect of bremazocine on oral ethanol self-administration in rats using a paradigm [unrestricted free-choice drinking of 10% (v/v) ethanol], previously shown to cause long-term neuroadaptations in the nucleus accumbens and caudate putamen. Bremazocine (0.1 mg/kg, once daily for five consecutive days) reduced ethanol drinking by about 50% during the active period of the animals, whereas the intake of sucrose (3–10% w/v) was affected neither in naive nor in ethanol-experienced rats. This effect of bremazocine appeared not to be secondary to its acute sedative effect or the slight increase in total fluid consumption. Unlike bremazocine, the selective κ-opioid receptor agonist U50,488H (10 mg/kg, once daily) inhibited ethanol drinking only during the first of 5 treatment days and the opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone (0.3–10 mg/kg, once daily) only caused a modest (about 20%) suppression of ethanol drinking during the first hours after drug injection. Thus, bremazocine appears to be far more potent than the clinically applied drug naltrexone in this respect. Our data further support the role of opioid receptors in ethanol reinforcement and indicate that long-acting mixed-action opioids such as bremazocine may be useful as adjuvants for the clinical management of ethanol addiction. Received: 1 July 1998/Final version: 3 September 1998     

The application of Ion chromatographic method for bioavailability and stability test of iron preparations

Postabsorptive serum iron level was determined after oral administration of the compounds to human. In serum and whole blood, Fe3+ was measured by ion chromatography (IC) using a pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (PDCA) as an eluent. The serum sample solutions were pretreated with I N HCI and 50% TCA. The whole blood sample solutions were treated with 3 N HCI for 30 min at 125 degrees C. The limit of detection (LOD) of the IC technique is 0.2 microM for Fe2- and 0.1 microM for Fe3+. The area under concentration (AUC) can be obtained by the above analytical condition. In addition, to compare the stability of Fe2+ to that of Fe3+ in pharmaceutical preparations, accelerated stability test was carried out. After storing the samples under 40 degrees C, 75%RH in light-resistant container for various time intervals, the contents of iron of different valencies were determined separately by the IC technique and the change and/or the interchange of among those iron species in preparations was investigated. Iron raw materials are stable, but Fe2+ in Fe3+ source materials was slightly converted to Fe3+ by oxidation. Fe2+ in Fe3+ source raw materials and Fe3+ in Fe2+ raw materials are determined as impurities. Therefore, IC technique is found to be an appropriate method for comparative evaluation of dissimilar bioavailability of Fe2+ and Fe3+, stability of Fe2+ and Fe3+ raw materials and preparations.