Activation of cellular functions in macrophages by venom secretory Asp-49 and Lys-49 phospholipases A(2).

The in vitro effects of myotoxin III (MT-III), an Asp-49 catalytically-active phospholipase A(2), and myotoxin II (MT-II), a catalytically-inactive Lys-49 variant, isolated from Bothrops asper snake venom, on phagocytosis and production of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) by thioglycollate-elicited macrophages were investigated. MT-II and MT-III were cytotoxic to mouse peritoneal macrophages at concentrations higher than 25 microg/ml. At non-cytotoxic concentrations, MT-II stimulated Fcgamma, complement, mannose and beta-glucan receptors-mediated phagocytosis, whereas MT-III stimulated only the mannose and beta-glucan receptors-mediated phagocytosis. Moreover, both myotoxins induced the release of H(2)O(2) by thioglycollate-elicited macrophages, MT-III being the most potent stimulator. MT-II induced the release of H(2)O(2) only at a concentration of 3.2 microg/ml (130% increment) while MT-III induced this effect at all concentrations tested (0.5-2.5 microg/ml; average of 206% increment). It is concluded that, at non-cytotoxic concentrations, MT-II and MT-III activate defense mechanisms in macrophages up regulating phagocytosis, mainly via mannose and beta-glucan receptors, and the respiratory burst.     

枸椽酸氢钾钠治疗输尿管小结石的临床研究

目的:探讨枸椽酸氢钾钠治疗输尿管小结石的临床价值.方法:将63例伴肾绞痛的输尿管小结石(＜0.6 cm)患者分为用药组31例和对照组32例,均采用解痉、输液、利尿治疗,用药组加口服枸椽酸氢钾钠颗粒,并记录排石情况,排出结石的大小.结果:在观察期内用药组28例排出结石,有效率90.3%,对照组22例排出结石,有效率68.8%,两者存在统计学差异(P＜0.05),排出结石的时间用药组(3.3±2.1)d,对照组(4.1±2.3)d,存在统计学差异(P＜0.05),排出结石大小比B超测得均小,用药组有统计学差异(P＜0.05),对照组无统计学意义(P＞0.05),用药组未出现药物不良反应.结论:枸椽酸氢钾钠能有效缩小输尿管结石,加快结石的排出,是内科保守治疗输尿管小结石安全有效的辅助治疗药物.     

二至丸延缓皮肤组织衰老的实验研究

目的：观察二至丸对D-半乳糖致亚急性衰老小鼠抗皮肤衰老的作用及机制.方法：以D-半乳糖致亚急性衰老小鼠为模型,同时给予二至丸,治疗42 d后,测定小鼠背部皮肤组织匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化脂质代谢产物丙二醛（MDA）、羟脯氨酸含量及皮肤成纤维细胞数目.结果：二至丸低、中、高剂量均能明显升高亚急性衰老小鼠皮肤SOD活力,使其MDA含量明显下降,增加衰老小鼠皮肤羟脯氨酸含量,提高皮肤成纤维细胞数目.结论：二至丸能有效防止D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠的皮肤衰老.     

过氧化氢氧化降解法制备低分子玻璃酸

目的制备低分子玻璃酸 (HA)。方法过氧化氢氧化降解法。结果随着过氧化氢浓度增加 ,反应温度的升高 ,降解速率加快。中性条件下HA的氧化降解速率较快 ,而酸性或碱性时却较慢。为了方便降解过程的可控性 ,过氧化氢浓度选 0 .0 5 % ,反应温度定为 5 0℃ ,反应pH为中性。随着HA相对分子质量的降低 ,运动黏度迅速下降 ,而糖醛酸含量基本不变。不同过氧化氢浓度降解时 ,低分子HA收率基本相同。结论过氧化氢氧化降解法可用于制备低分子HA。     

用正交法探讨过氧乙酸含量测定的影响因素

目的探讨过氧乙酸含量测定的影响因素.方法用正交法设计影响因素,碘量法测定其含量.结果高锰酸钾放置时间是影响过氧乙酸含量测定的主要因素.结论当滴加高锰酸钾液使供试液呈微红色时应迅速地完成实验操作.     

糖尿病大鼠视网膜组织抗氧化机能状况的动态观察

目的探讨糖尿病大鼠视网膜组织的抗氧化机能状况.方法将30只Wister大鼠分为实验组和正常对照组.实验组用链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)诱发糖尿病.发病后4、6和12周对两组大鼠血中自由基(FR)含量、视网膜组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性(GSH-Px)及脂质过氧化物(LPO)水平进行了检测.结果各实验时点视网膜组织中SOD和CAT活性则显着低于对照组.糖尿病大鼠血中FR含量和视网膜组织中LPO水平及GSH-Px活性明显高于对照组大鼠,随病程的延长这些改变更明显.结论糖尿病大鼠血和视网膜组织中的抗氧化机能处于低下状态,这些变化可能在糖尿病视网膜病变、糖尿病血管性并发症的发生发展中起着重要作用.     

发热门诊过氧化氢空气消毒效果研究

目的观察过氧化氢消毒剂气溶胶喷雾和普通喷壶喷雾对医院发热门诊空气细菌杀灭效果。方法对发热门诊空气中菌落数进行消毒前和消毒后监测。结果3％过氧化氢用普通喷壶喷雾后60min，平均细菌杀灭率仅为3．04％；气溶胶喷雾器喷雾后60min，平均细菌杀灭率为87．31％，差异显著。结论过氧化氢消毒剂气溶胶喷雾作用30～60min即可达到可靠的消毒效果；此方法省时、省力、方便、易行；杀菌效果明显高于普通喷壶喷雾，且节约药物。     

Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability of Asiaticoside,Madecassoside and Asiatic Acid in Porcine Brain Endothelial Cell Model

Neurotherapeutic potentials of Centella asiatica and its reputation to boost memory, prevent cognitive deficits and improve brain functions are widely acknowledged. The plant's bioactive compounds, i.e. asiaticoside, madecassoside and asiatic acid were reported to have central nervous system (CNS) actions, particularly in protecting the brain against neurodegenerative disorders. Hence, it is important for these compounds to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to be clinically effective therapeutics. This study aimed to explore the capability of asiaticoside, madecassoside and asiatic acid to cross the BBB using in vitro BBB model from primary porcine brain endothelial cells (PBECs). Our findings showed that asiaticoside, madecassoside and asiatic acid are highly BBB permeable with apparent permeability (P_app) of 70.61 ± 6.60, 53.31 ± 12.55 and 50.94 ± 10.91 × 10^?6 cm/s respectively. No evidence of cytotoxicity and tight junction disruption of the PBECs were observed in the presence of these compounds. Asiatic acid showed cytoprotective effect towards the PBECs against oxidative stress. This study reported for the first time that Centella asiatica compounds demonstrated high capability to cross the BBB, comparable to central nervous system drugs, and therefore warrant further development as therapeutics for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.     

硫化氢对肝硬化大鼠肝脏survivin表达的影响

目的:探讨抗凋亡因子存活素(survivin)在硫化氢(hydrogen sulfide,H2S)干扰的肝硬化大鼠肝脏中的表达量,了解H2S在肝硬化过程中可能的作用机制.方法:♀SD大鼠经复合因素法复制肝硬化模型,造模结束后随机分为S组、P组、C组,分别腹腔注射硫氢化钠(sodium hydrogen sulfide,NaSH)56mg/(kgd)、炔丙基甘氨酸(Propargylglycine,PPG)30mg/(kgd)及等量生理盐水,用敏感硫电极法检测肝硬化大鼠门静脉中H2S的量,用免疫组织化学及realtime-PCR检测大鼠肝脏survivin蛋白及mRNA表达.结果:S组、P组与C组相比,门静脉血浆内H2S浓度显著改变(51.19mol/L±8.75mol/L,68.97mol/L±2.69mol/Lvs134.49mol/L±12.25mol/L,P<0.05),肝硬化H2S增加组大鼠survivin蛋白及mRNA表达显著增加(P<0.05),肝硬化大鼠体内H2S与survivin表达有相关性.结论:在大鼠肝硬化模型中,随着体内H2S浓度的变化,survivin蛋白及mRNA表达发生变化,这可能是H2S调节肝硬化作用过程中的机制之一.     

Graded changes in enamel component volumes resulted from a short tooth bleaching procedure

AimTo test the hypothesis that changes in enamel component volumes (mineral, organic, and water volumes, and permeability) are graded from outer to inner enamel after a short bleaching procedure.Materials and methodsExtracted unerupted human third molars had half of their crowns bleached (single bleaching session, 3 × 15 min), and tooth shade changes in bleached parts were analyzed with a spectrophotometer. Ground sections were prepared, component volumes and permeability were quantified at histological points located at varying distances from the enamel surface (n = 10 points/location), representing conditions before and after bleaching.ResultsTooth shade changes were significant (p < 0.001; 95% CI = −1/−8; power = 99%), and most of the enamel layer was unaffected after bleaching, except at the outer layers. Multiple analysis of covariances revealed that most of the variance of the change in enamel composition after bleaching was explained by the combination of the set of types of component volume (in decreasing order of relevance: mineral loss, organic gain, water gain, and decrease in permeability) with the set of distances from the enamel surface (graded from the enamel surface inward) (canonical R² = 0.97; p < 0.0001; power > 99%).ConclusionsChanges in enamel composition after a short bleaching procedure followed a gradient within component volumes (mineral loss > organic gain > water gain > decrease in permeability) and decreased from the enamel surface inward.