Multiple Histopathological Skin Alterations in a Hemodialysis Patient with Severe Pruritus

Pruritus is an alarming symptom in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) accompanied by sleep disturbances and physical and mental disorders. Although its prevalence is very high among hemodialysis patients (90%), its etiology and its successful treatment have been unconfirmed (Melo N, Elias R, Castro M, Romao G, Abensur H. Pruritus in hemodialysis patients: The problem still remains. Hemodial Int. 2009;13:38–42.). Common pruritus etiologies, such as high parathyroid hormone levels, dialysis inadequacy, and iron deficiency are matters of conflict. The case of a hemodialysis patient with consistent itching and a variety of cutaneous eruptions, which after performing skin biopsy were explored and cured, is described. This article addresses the possibility of other causes of pruritus in ESRD and encourages watchful waiting with simple medical interventions, which would relieve patients’ symptoms.     

不同剂量的首剂肝素在维持性血液透析患者中的抗凝效果

目的探讨不同剂量的首剂肝素在维持性血液透析患者中的抗凝效果。方法 62例维持性血液透析患者随机分为A、B两组,A组30例,B组32例。肝素抗凝方法:A组每次透析开始时从静脉端给予首次剂量肝素28~32 mg(约0.5 mg/kg),维持期用肝素泵每小时追加肝素6~10mg;B组每次透析开始时从静脉端给予首次剂量肝素14~20 mg(约0.3 mg/kg),维持期用肝素泵每小时追加肝素8~12 mg;同时监测2组患者0、0.5、2、3.5及4 h活化凝血时间(activated clotting time,ACT)及变化曲线,观察治疗过程中管路和透析器凝血情况,治疗后穿刺点压迫止血平均时间、组织器官24 h内出血情况以及在线KT/V情况。结果 2组患者首剂肝素量及维持期肝素用量存在显著性差异,而肝素总量无差异。2组均能顺利完成血液透析,A组透析充分性更好。A组血液透析治疗0.5及2 h ACI较B组明显延长,而在透析3.5及4 h时ACT明显缩短,2组比较均有显著性差异(P0.01);2组ACT 0.5与3.5 h自身比较,A组有明显下降趋势(P0.05),B组无明显差异。2组患者透析器凝血情况、穿刺点压迫时间、透析治疗后24 h内组织器官出血情况比较A组优于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论选择合适剂量的首剂肝素及维持期肝素用量是血液透析顺利进行的关键,首剂肝素用量为28~32 mg(约0.5 ng/kg)时抗凝效果好、透析充分性好,透析后患者出血机会少。     

A Quality and Cost-Benefit Analysis of Dialyzer Reuse in Hemodialysis Patients

Background. To evaluate the benefits of dialyzer reuse for hemodialysis (HD) patients, including the cost of HD treatment and patient's survival, a comparison was made regarding the standard practice of single-use dialysis. Methods. From January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2005, a total of 128,232 successive HD treatments in 822 patients in Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center were included in this study. Results. Approximately 54.25% (446/822) of patients reused dialyzers. The average times of dialyzer reuse was 2.54. The annual hollow fiber cost is reduced by $241,054.08 U.S. dollars (NT $7,834,257.60). The annual cost of hollow fiber was reduced by $540.48 U.S. dollars (NT $17,565.60) in one patient with dialyzer reuse. The mortality rates in dialyzer reuse and single use groups were 3.1% and 10.9% within one year (p < 0.0001). Multiple logistic regressions showed that single use compared with reuse was associated with higher mortality after adjusting co-morbid conditions including age, diabetes mellitus, etc. Conclusions. We concluded that the benefits of dialyzer reuse included safety in our center and reduction in cost during a 12-month period. Dialyzer reuse may be a safe alternative.     

维持性血液透析患者首次使用综合征的护理

目的 探讨维持性血液透析治疗（MHD）患者首次使用综合征（FUS）的有效护理方法.方法 对143例MHD患者在常规透析治疗期间,采取加强生命体征观察、动-静脉瘘保护及心理疏导等综合护理措施,并分析FUS的发生情况.结果 143例MHD患者透析治疗期间,其中发生FUS 4例,发生率为2.8%.结论采取全方位、立体式护理措施,可有效降低FUS发生率,提高患者透析治疗效果.     

鸦胆子油软胶囊联合SOX方案治疗晚期结直肠癌的临床研究

目的研究鸦胆子油软胶囊联合SOX方案(奥沙利铂+替吉奥)治疗晚期结直肠癌的临床疗效。方法选取2018年8月-2019年8月在郑州大学附属洛阳中心医院治疗的80例晚期结直肠癌患者,所有患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各40例。对照组患者入院后给予SOX方案治疗,第1~14天给予注射用奥沙利铂,推荐剂量130 mg/m^2,溶于500 mL 5%葡萄糖溶液中,输注时间小于3h;第1~21天口服替吉奥胶囊,1粒/次,2次/d。治疗组在对照组基础上口服鸦胆子油软胶囊,4粒/次,3次/d。21 d为1个治疗疗程,两组患者接受治疗3个疗程。观察两组的临床疗效,比较Karnofsky(KPS)评分、生活质量(QOL)评分及血清癌胚抗原(CEA)、基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-2和MMP-9水平。结果经过治疗后,治疗组客观缓解率(ORR)和疾病控制率(CBR)显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者KPS评分和QOL评分显著升高(P<0.05),且治疗组KPS评分和QOL评分升高程度较大(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组CEA、MMP-2和MMP-9水平显著降低(P<0.05);并且治疗组降低较多(P<0.05)。治疗组胃肠道反应、血小板减少、白细胞减少和转氨酶升高等不良反应发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论鸦胆子油软胶囊联合SOX方案治疗晚期结直肠癌具有较好的治疗效果,能够提高患者生活质量,降低肿瘤标志物水平,安全性较高,值得在临床上推广应用。     

缬沙坦联合血液透析治疗尿毒症合并顽固性高血压的临床效果

目的探讨缬沙坦联合血液透析治疗尿毒症合并顽固性高血压的临床效果。方法选择2017年5月至2018年5月我院收治的尿毒症合并顽固性高血压患者82例为研究对象,将患者按照不同治疗方式分为参照组(n=41)与联合治疗组(n=41)。参照组采用血液透析治疗,联合治疗组采用缬沙坦联合血液透析治疗。比较两组患者治疗前、治疗1个月后尿蛋白(Upro)、血尿素氮(BUN)、尿微量白蛋白(mALB)水平及临床疗效。结果治疗1个月后,两组患者的Upro、BUN水平均高于治疗前,mALB水平低于治疗前,且联合治疗组优于参照组(P<0.05)。联合治疗组的治疗总有效率高于参照组(P<0.05)。结论缬沙坦联合血液透析治疗尿毒症合并顽固性高血压的临床效果显著,值得临床推广应用。     

超声心动图评价 慢性肾功能衰竭患者血液透析前后右心室功能

目的应用超声心动图评价慢性肾功能衰竭患者血液透析前后右心室容量和心肌力学参数变化情况。方法选取经临床确诊为慢性肾功能衰竭并行血液透析的患者100例,于血液透析前后行超声心动图检测三尖瓣侧壁瓣环收缩期位移(TAPSE)、右心室面积变化分数(RV FAC)及收缩期二维右心室游离壁峰值应变(2D RVFWLS);组织多普勒测量舒张期三尖瓣环运动速度(e、a)和收缩期三尖瓣反流峰值速度(TRmax)。比较透析前后上述各参数的变化情况;分析上述参数与透析超滤量的相关性。结果血液透析后患者体质量较透析前明显减低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);透析后肱动脉收缩压和舒张压与透析前比较差异均无统计学意义。透析后TAPSE为(21.36±2.35)mm,较透析前(20.23±2.30)mm增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);透析前后RV FAC、2D RVFWLS、e/a及TRmax比较,差异均无统计学意义。透析后仅肱动脉舒张压与透析超滤量具有相关性(r=0.304,P=0.002)。结论 TAPSE与右心室容量负荷(前负荷)改变有关,提示血液透析可增强右心室游离壁纵向收缩功能,但与血液透析超滤量无关;透析超滤量影响肱动脉舒张压。     

Pulmonary hypertension in hemodialysis patients without arteriovenous fistula: the effect of dialyzer composition

Pulmonary hypertension (PHT) increases mortality rate in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Numerous clinical, hemodynamic, and metabolic abnormalities have been suggested to be associated with the development of PHT in HD patients. We aimed to investigate the acute effects of two different dialyzer membranes on pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) throughout a HD session in maintenance HD patients. Seventy-four HD patients dialyzed through permanent tunneled jugular central venous catheter were enrolled. A first-use cellulose acetate and high-flux polysulfone dialysis membrane were tested using a crossover design. For each membrane, pre- and post-dialysis pulmonary artery pressures were measured echocardiographically. Elevated pulmonary artery pressure was observed in 68.8% of patients (n = 51), whereas mild PHT was observed in 28.3% of patients (n = 21) and moderate PHT in 40.5% (n = 30). Decrease in pulmonary artery pressure following HD procedure performed using high-flux polysulfone membrane was significantly higher than the decrease observed following HD procedure performed using cellulose acetate membrane (p < 0.05). Significant decrease in pulmonary artery pressures was observed only after HD procedures performed using high-flux polysulfone membrane (p < 0.05). Ultrafiltered volume was only significantly correlated with the decrease in pulmonary artery pressure observed after HD procedure performed through high-flux polysulfone membrane (β = 0.411, p < 0.05). PHT seems to be prevalent among HD patients even in the absence of AV fistula and abnormal cardiac functions. Membrane composition seems to be important, which may overwhelm the improving effects of ultrafiltration.     

Effects of vitamin E-coated dialysis membranes on anemia,nutrition and dyslipidemia status in hemodialysis patients: a meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: This was controversial whether vitamin E-coated dialyzer therapy was beneficial for the complications associated with hemodialysis. Therefore, we performed this systematic review to evaluate the effects of vitamin E-coated dialyzer. Methods: Related trials were searched from multiple electronic databases. We conducted meta-analysis to assess changes in the predefined outcomes using RevMan 5.3 software. Results: Meta-analysis showed vitamin E-coated dialyzer therapy could decrease erythropoietin (EPO) resistance index (SMD, ?0.24; 95% CI, ?0.47 to ?0.01; p?=?0.04). However, pooled-analysis showed vitamin E-coated dialyzer therapy could not decrease weekly EPO dose (SMD, ?0.11; 95% CI, ?0.32 to 0.09; p?=?0.28) and intima–media thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery (MD, ?0.09; 95% CI, ?0.2 to 0.01; p?=?0.09), and vitamin E-coated dialyzer therapy did not improve the serum hemoglobin (MD, ?0.03; 95% CI, ?0.18 to 0.13; p?=?0.74), albumin levels (SMD, ?0.64; 95% CI, ?1.62 to 0.34; p?=?0.2), in addition, there was no significant difference in serum cholesterol (SMD, ?0.07; 95% CI, ?0.45 to 0.31; p?=?0.71), triglycerides (MD, ?2.77; 95% CI, ?32.42 to 26.87; p?=?0.85), high density lipoprotein (HDL) (SMD, 0.24; 95% CI, ?0.14 to 0.62; p?=?0.22) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) (SMD, 0.00; 95% CI, ?0.38 to 0.37; p?=?0.98) levels. Conclusions: Vitamin E-coated dialyzer may reduce the EPO resistance, but there is no conclusive evidence that vitamin E-coated dialyzer can improve the renal anemia, malnutrition, dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis status in hemodialysis (HD) patients. However, high-quality trials with hard clinical endpoints are required to fully elucidate the clinical value of vitamin E-coated dialyzer therapy.