人组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)与绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)在转基因烟草中的融合表达

构建人组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)与绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)融合表达的植物表达载体pCA1302NSF-tPA。将重组载体转入根瘤农杆菌GV3101中，通过叶圆盘法转化烟草。转化植株经PCR鉴定整合有t-PA基因，通过荧光显微镜可检测到绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的表达。     

环境镉离子生物检测工程菌株的构建及应用

目的 以绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）基因为报告基因，和重金属镉特异性启动子PcadA构建成基因工程重组体，用于重金属镉的特异性检测。方法 采用聚合酶链（PCR）方法从质粒pPcadA上扩增得到重金属镉离子特异性诱导启动子PcadA，以绿色荧光蛋白基因为报告基因，以大肠埃希菌．枯草杆菌穿梭载体pNW33N构建了绿色荧光蛋白镉离子诱导表达载体。以枯草芽孢杆菌1A751为宿主菌，采用感受态转化法将表达载体导入1A751，成功构建镉离子检测菌株。结果 通过酶切鉴定、PCR和DNA序列分析，重组载体构建成功，并在有镉离子存在的环境中得到表达。结论 该工程菌株能够以绿色荧光蛋白基因为报告基因检测培养体系中最低浓度达0．1μmol／L的镉离子；利用该菌株有望建立起一种方便快捷的重金属镉的检测方法，有较高的应用价值。     

Participation of bone marrow-derived cells in hippocampal vascularization after status epilepticus

PurposeDiseases such as temporal lobe epilepsy, brain trauma and stroke can induce endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis in specific brain areas. During status epilepticus (SE), bone marrow-derived cells are able to infiltrate and proliferate, dramatically increasing at the site of injury. However, it is still unclear whether these cells directly participate in vascular changes induced by SE.MethodTo investigate the possible role of bone marrow-derived cells in angiogenesis after seizures, we induced SE by pilocarpine injection in previously prepared chimeric mice. Mice were euthanized at 8 h, 7 d or 15 d after SE onset.ResultsOur results indicated that SE modified hippocampal vascularization and induced angiogenesis. Further, bone marrow-derived GFP⁺ cells penetrated through the parenchyma and participated in the formation of new vessels after SE. We detected bone marrow-derived cells closely associated with vessels in the hippocampus, increasing the density of blood vessels that had decreased immediately after pilocarpine-induced SE.ConclusionWe conclude that epileptic seizures directly affect vascularization in the hippocampus mediated by bone marrow-derived cells in a time-dependent manner.     

Immunogenicity and safety of an E. coli-produced bivalent human papillomavirus (type 16 and 18) vaccine: A randomized controlled phase 2 clinical trial

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the dosage, immunogenicity and safety profile of a novel human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 bivalent vaccine produced by E. coli.MethodsThis randomized, double-blinded, controlled phase 2 trial enrolled women aged 18–25 years in China. Totally 1600 eligible participants were randomized to receive 90 μg, 60 μg, or 30 μg of the recombinant HPV 16/18 bivalent vaccine or the control hepatitis B vaccine on a 0, 1 and 6 month schedule. The designated doses are the combined micrograms of HPV16 and 18 VLPs with dose ratio of 2:1. The immunogenicity of the vaccines was assessed by measuring anti-HPV 16 and 18 neutralizing antibodies and total IgG antibodies. Safety of the vaccine was assessed.ResultsAll but one of the seronegative participants who received 3 doses of the HPV vaccines seroconverted at month 7 for anti-HPV 16/18 neutralizing antibodies and IgG antibodies. For HPV 16, the geometric mean titers (GMTs) of the neutralizing antibodies were similar between the 60 μg (GMT = 10,548) and 90 μg (GMT = 12,505) HPV vaccine groups and were significantly higher than those in the 30 μg (GMT = 7596) group. For HPV 18, the GMTs of the neutralizing antibodies were similar among the 3 groups. The HPV vaccine was well tolerated. No vaccine-associated serious adverse events were identified.ConclusionThe prokaryotic-expressed HPV vaccine is safe and immunogenic in women aged 18–25 years. The 60 μg dosage formulation was selected for further investigation for efficacy.Clinical trials registration: NCT01356823.     

增强型绿色荧光蛋白真核表达载体的构建和表达

目的　构建增强型绿色荧光蛋白(Enhanced green fluorescent protein, EGFP)编码基因的真核表达载体 pcDNA3.1(+) GFP,并观察其在Hep 2细胞中的表达情况。　方法　据已知的EGFP基因序列,设计合成 1 对引物,并引入Hind Ⅲ和EcoR Ⅴ酶切位点。应用PCR技术,从含有 EGFP的 pAdTrack CMV中扩增 EGFP编码基因。通过 TA连接将其克隆入pGEM T easy载体,经PCR及限制性内切酶鉴定后,插入真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1(+)中,转化Esche richia coli DH5α感受态细胞,于Amp+ LB平板上筛选阳性克隆。重组子经 Hind Ⅲ和EcoRⅤ双酶切、PCR鉴定,将该载体转染人喉癌细胞 Hep 2 后 48 h观察 EGFP表达情况。　结果　成功构建了含 EGFP 编码基因的真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+) GFP,并成功转染Hep 2细胞,在倒置荧光显微镜下呈现绿色光。　结论　获得可产生绿色荧光的 EG FP,能方便地用作报告基因和筛选标记。     

Effect of low-molecular-weight heparin on the commitment of bone marrow cells to liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in CCl(4)-induced liver injury.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Recently liver regeneration by bone marrow transplantation has been proposed as an alternative source of functional liver cells. We investigate commitment of bone marrow cells (BMCs) to liver regeneration and the effect of dalteparin sodium (DS) on regeneration of the damaged liver caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) administration in the mice. METHODS: Liver injury was produced in 8-week-old mice by treating with CCl(4) for 4 weeks. Thereafter, mice received a lethal dose of irradiation (10Gy) to whole body, followed by injection of 1x10(7) green fluorescent protein (GFP)-positive BMCs via the tail vein. DS (50IU/kg, intraperitoneally) was administered daily for 28 consecutive days starting at 1 day post-BMC transplantation. Lineage marker analysis of GFP-positive liver cells was performed immunostaining with a CD31 antibody. RESULT: Four weeks after BMC transplantation, GFP-positive cells in the CCl(4)-damaged liver could be detected in the lobule displaying a meshwork architecture extending from the periportal to pericentral regions, a pattern simulating sinusoidal lining. This localization of GFP-positive cells suggested that these cells were closely associated with sinusoidal endothelial cells. By staining the GFP-positive cells for CD31, it was confirmed that the majority of the GFP-positive cells are also positive for CD31. The GFP(+)CD31(+) cells were barely detected in the control group (1.0+/-1.2 per field). In marked contrast, a numerous number of GFP(+)CD31(+) cells were detected in the liver section obtained from the CCl(4)-induced liver damage group (3.8+/-1.3 per field, P<0.05 versus control). The number of GFP(+)CD31(+) cells in CCl(4) plus DS-treated group was further increased to 8.3+/-1.3 per field (P<0.05 versus CCl(4)-induced liver damage group). CONCLUSION: The majority of GFP-positive BMCs was committed to sinusoidal endothelial cells. DS promoted BMC differentiation into sinusoidal endothelial cells in the CCl(4)-damaged liver.     

Promotion of Transplanted Bone Marrow-derived Cell Migration into the Periodontal Tissues due to Orthodontic Mechanical Stress

Background: Bone marrow-derived cells (BMCs) have abilities of cell migration and differentiation into tissues/organs in the body and related with the differentiation of teeth or periodontal tissue including fibroblasts. Then, we examined the effect of orthodontic mechanical stress to the transplanted BMC migration into periodontal tissues using BMC transplantation model.Material and Method: BMC from green fluorescence protein (GFP) transgenic mice were transplanted into 8-week-old female C57BL/6 immunocompromised recipient mice, which had undergone 10 Gy of lethal whole-body-irradiation. Five mice as experimental group were received orthodontic mechanical stress using separator between first molar (M1) and second molar (M2) 1 time per week for 5 weeks and 5 mice as control group were not received mechanical stress. The maxilla with M1 and M2 was removed and was immunohistochemically analyzed using a Dako Envision + Kit-K4006 and a primary anti-GFP-polyclonal rabbit antibody. Immunohistochemically stained was defined as positive area and the pixel number of positive area in the periodontal tissue was compared with the previously calculated total pixel number of the periodontal tissue.Results: The immunohistochemistry revealed that GFP positive cells were detected in the periodontal tissues, both in the experimental and control specimens. The ratio of pixel number in the examination group showed 5.77 ± 3.24 % (mean ± SD); and that in the control group, 0.71±0.45 % (mean ± SD). The examination group was significantly greater than that of control group (Mann-Whitney U test: p<0.001).Conclusion: These results suggest that orthodontic mechanical stress accelerates transplanted BMC migration into periodontal tissues.     

Estrogen Activation of G-Protein–Coupled Estrogen Receptor 1 Regulates Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase and mTOR Signaling to Promote Liver Growth in Zebrafish and Proliferation of Human Hepatocytes

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Cytological Kinetics of Periodontal Ligament in an Experimental Occlusal Trauma Model

Using a model of experimental occlusal trauma in mice, we investigated cytological kinetics of periodontal ligament by means of histopathological, immunohistochemical, and photographical analysis methods. Periodontal ligament cells at furcation areas of molar teeth in the experimental group on day 4 showed a proliferation tendency of periodontal ligament cells. The cells with a round-shaped nucleus deeply stained the hematoxylin and increased within the day 4 specimens. Ki67 positive nuclei showed a prominent increase in the group on days 4 and 7. Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) positivity also revealed cell movement but was slightly slow compared to Ki67. It indicated that restoration of mechanism seemed conspicuous by osteoclasts and macrophages from bone-marrow-derived cells for the periodontal ligament at the furcation area. It was suggested that the remodeling of periodontal ligament with cell acceleration was evoked from the experiment for the group on day 4 and after day 7. Periodontal ligament at the furcation area of the molar teeth in this experimental model recovered using the cells in situ and the bone-marrow-derived cells.