固有淋巴细胞研究进展

长期以来,自然杀伤(NK)细胞被认为是固有免疫系统中唯一属于淋巴谱系的细胞群体,然而近来研究揭示人和小鼠体内存在着多种类型的固有淋巴细胞(ILC)。这些新发现的ILC群体主要分布于黏膜屏障部位,尽管数量较少,但在抵抗病原体入侵和维持组织器官稳态等方面发挥重要作用。ILC发育分化早期存在着共同前体,但在后期阶段受不同转录因子调控,成为表型和功能不同的ILC成员。不同ILC亚群有着不同的细胞因子分泌谱,依据辅助性T细胞亚群的分类方法,ILC家族可以分成三类。ILC多样性的发现极大地丰富了固有免疫的内涵,也为我们研究固有免疫和适应性免疫之间的联系开辟了新途径。     

Long-term renal and cardiovascular effects of antihypertensive treatment regimens based upon isradipine, perindopril and thiazide

The aim of this study was to describe the renal function (renal hemodynamics, water and sodium handling) and its relation to cardiovascular structural changes in a population of essential hypertensive patients before and after antihypertensive treatment. Glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow were measured by a constant infusion technique. The reference substances used were [¹³¹I]iodohippurate (Hippuran) and [¹²⁵I]iothalamate. The lithium clearance method was used for measuring renal water and sodium handling. Microalbuminuria was measured. A subcutaneous gluteal biopsy was taken and the media thickness to lumen diameter ratio of small resistance vessels was determined. Left ventricular mass index was determined by echocardiography. Thirty-seven patients with newly diagnosed or poorly controlled essential hypertension were randomized to treatment with regimens based upon either isradipine, perindopril or hydrochlorothiazide-amiloride. Atenolol and hydralazine were added as secondary and tertiary drugs, respectively, when needed for normalization of diastolic blood pressure. Investigations were performed before and after 9 months of normalization of blood pressure. Renal function in untreated hypertensive patients was characterized by increased renal vascular resistance, decreased renal blood flow, normal glomerular filtration fraction and normal serum creatinine. No association was found between peripheral resistance vessel structure in subcutaneous vessels and renal hemodynamic parameters. Patients with severe left ventricular hypertrophy (left ventricular mass >360 g) had lower glomerular filtration fraction, greater renal vascular resistance, lower renal blood flow and increased microalbuminuria in comparison with patients with less pronounced cardiac changes. After 1 year of treatment, which had a profound effect on heart and vessel structure, renal hemodynamics were unchanged in patients receiving antihypertensive treatment regimens based on the ACE inhibitor perindopril or the Ca-antagonist isradipine, whereas renal plasma flow was reduced, glomerular filtration rate preserved and filtration fraction significantly increased in those treated with a regimen based on diuretics. The serum creatinine concentration was decreased in the former group, whereas it was unchanged in the latter two. Significantly detrimental effect on uric acid homeostasis was only found in patients treated with a regimen based on diuretics.     

手部动力支具在多区肌腱损伤修复术后的应用

【】目的：探讨手部动力支具在多区肌腱修复术后的临床应用效果。方法：选取2016年6月～2018年6月我院收治的81例肌腱损伤患者,采用随机数表法分为支具治疗组45例和对照组36例,分别予安装手部动力支具功能锻炼及常规治疗,患指肌腱修复后功能用TAM[总主动活动度测定法(total active movement,TAM)]评定。结果：随访3个月,支具组综合优良率为87.9％,对照组综合优良率为63.9％ ,两组间差异有显著性意义(P<0．05);支具治疗组二次松解手术率明显低于常规治疗组,组间数据对比差异显著(X₂=3.854,p=0.048),且未发生不良反应。结论：手部动力支具能较明显地减轻肌腱修复术后粘连的发生,降低二次手术的几率,由此可见手部动力支具在在肌腱修复术后的康复治疗是安全有效的。     

健侧上肢康复对早期脑卒中偏瘫患者功能的影响

目的探讨健侧上肢康复对早期脑卒中偏瘫患者功能的影响。方法选取早期脑卒中偏瘫患者38例,随机均分为观察组（A组）和对照组（B组）（n=19）。A组着重于健侧上肢的功能、精细协调、控制能力、传统康复等治疗,对患侧上肢主要予以保护,注意体位的摆放和感觉的输入。B组重点予患侧上肢治疗训练。2组均于治疗前和治疗后2周进行功能独立性评定（function independent measure,FIM）及患侧上肢Brunnstrom分级。结果治疗后A、B组的FIM评分与治疗前相比均有显著提高（A组P<0.001,B组P<0.05）,且A组高于B组（P<0.05）;患侧上肢Brunnstrom分级,治疗后均有提高,但2组比较差异无统计学意义。结论2种训练方法均能改善早期偏瘫患者的功能,健侧上肢康复治疗对改善早期脑卒中偏瘫患者的功能疗效更明显。     

Effects of orthopaedic manual therapy in knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective

This systematic review to aimed to evaluate the effects of orthopaedic manual therapy (OMT) on pain, improving function, and physical performance in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Randomized Trial of Clitoral Vacuum Suction Versus Vibratory Stimulation in Neurogenic Female Orgasmic Dysfunction

Objective

To examine the safety and efficacy of using a clitoral vacuum suction device (CVSD) versus vibratory stimulation (V) to treat orgasmic dysfunction in women with multiple sclerosis (MS) or spinal cord injury (SCI).

Is Going Beyond Rasch Analysis Necessary to Assess the Construct Validity of a Motor Function Scale?

Objective

To examine whether a Rasch analysis is sufficient to establish the construct validity of the Motor Function Measure (MFM) and discuss whether weighting the MFM item scores would improve the MFM construct validity.

Functional Capacity in Adults With Cerebral Palsy: Lower Limb Muscle Strength Matters

Objective

To investigate the relation between lower limb muscle strength, passive muscle properties, and functional capacity outcomes in adults with cerebral palsy (CP).

Virtual Reality Rehabilitation With Functional Electrical Stimulation Improves Upper Extremity Function in Patients With Chronic Stroke: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Study

Objective

To compare virtual reality (VR) combined with functional electrical stimulation (FES) with cyclic FES for improving upper extremity function and health-related quality of life in patients with chronic stroke.

早期微量泵控制输注去甲肾上腺素对失血性休克兔血流动力学和心肌功能的影响

目的:探讨失血性休克早期微量泵控制输注去甲肾上腺素,对家兔血流动力学、心肌和心功能的影响。方法:实验采用健康成年新西兰兔,随机分为失血性休克去甲肾上腺素治疗组(NE组,n=7)和失血性休克生理盐水治疗组(NS组,n=7);股动脉放血法制备失血性休克模型成功后,NE组立即给予10min去甲肾上腺素的微量泵泵入,速度为0.2-1mg/(kg·h),同时静脉输注与丢失血量等量的生理盐水;NS组立即给予10min生理盐水补液治疗,补液量为3倍的丢失血量,同样采取微量泵匀速补液。10min强化治疗结束,记录为0h。随后维持并记录0,0.5,1,2,4h各时间点血流动力学指标,并留取血清进行心肌酶学(CK和CKMB)和肌钙蛋白(cTnI)分析。结果:NE组较NS组心率明显提高;NS仅在治疗前期(0h和1h)改善平均动脉压(MAP),NE则可在各时间点持续有效改善MAP;NE在一定的使用时程内(0-2h)可改善失血性休克动物的左室平均压(LVAP);NE较NS可明显提升失血性休克的左心室收缩功能;NE较NS从0.5h起可明显改善左心室舒张功能;心肌酶学和TnI结果显示NE组与NS组整体存在明显差异:CK[(23.87±16.85)vs.(13.22±2.50)ng/ml,P<0.05],CKMB[(8.80±5.68)vs.(5.27±1.14)ng/ml,P<0.05]和cTnI[(109.09±37.81)vs.(84.87±10.73)pg/ml,P<0.05]。结论:早期微量泵控制给予去甲肾上腺素治疗失血性休克,有助于改善早期血流动力学和心功能指标,但可能增加失血性休克心肌的损伤。