Protective effect of 3-aminobenzamide,an inhibitor of poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase,against streptozotocin-induced diabetes

Summary The addition of 3-aminobenzamide (a potent inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose)synthetase) into the incubation medium, prevents streptozotocin-induced inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin release from isolated islets [control 142±14U·islet^–1·h^–1; streptozotocin (0.5mg/ml) 31±8; 3-aminobenzamide (l.0 mg/ml) 96±11; streptozotocin plus 3-aminobenzamide 122±19]. In vivo, intraperitoneal 3-aminobenzamide 300 mg/kg body weight prevents the appearance of overt diabetes in streptozotocin-treated rats. These protective effects of 3-aminobenzamide are dose-dependent and are similar to those exerted by nicotinamide. Taking into account that poly ADP-ribosylation is involved in the repair of damaged DNA, the protection exerted by 3-aminobenzamide against the diabetogenic effect of streptozotocin strongly supports the view that this acute effect may be a major consequence of the activation of DNA repair mechanisms in islet cells.     

乙酰肉碱及肉碱对实验性心力衰竭的影响

Acart和cart对犬或兔由戊巴比妥所致的急性衰竭心脏均有明显的正性变力,血管扩张和负性变速作用。在心衰犬,静注acart或cart后,再给stro-k均可使其诱发心律失常及致死量明显提高(p<0.05),安全范围增大。当acart或cart与stro-k以较小剂量合用于心衰兔时,二者产生协同强心作用。而且,acart不论单用,或与stro-k合用,其强心作用均比cart强。     

The protective effect of vitamin E on cerebral ischemia

Using the "canine model of the completely ischemic brain regulated with a perfusion method," the effects on cerebral ischemia of vitamin E, which is known to act as an antioxidant, were investigated. After pretreatment with vitamin E by oral or intravenous administration, cerebral blood flow was reduced to 1/10th the normal state and, 1 hour later, allowed to return to normal. Subsequent changes in electrical activity were observed, and the effects of vitamin E were evaluated. In the control group, no recovery of electrical activity was seen. In the groups given vitamin E, the recovery time was significantly shortened in the dogs given 30 mg/kg of vitamin E intravenously. Furthermore, in the groups treated with vitamin E, distinct recovery of electroencephalographic potentials at 3 hours after recirculation was apparent. These effects were more favorable in the case of intravenous administration than in the case of oral administration. These experimental results indicate that the administration of vitamin E is effective in protecting the brain from cerebral ischemia.     

Comparing the Effects of Four Front-of-Package Nutrition Labels on Consumer Purchases of Five Common Beverages and Snack Foods: Results from a Randomized Trial

BackgroundFront-of-package (FOP) nutrition labeling systems differ in how they rate food and beverage products. There is a need to examine the implications of these differences, including their focus on nutrients of public health concern.ObjectiveOur aim was to examine the impacts of 4 common FOP labels on consumers’ purchases of products that received conflicting ratings across FOP systems.DesignIn an experimental marketplace, participants were randomized to complete a series of purchases under 1 of 5 FOP conditions: no label, “high in” nutrient labels, multiple traffic light, Health Star Rating, or a 5-color nutrition grade.Participants/settingA final sample of 3,584 Canadians (13 years and older) were recruited from shopping centers in March to May 2018.Main outcome measuresProbability of purchasing was assessed for 5 product categories (100% fruit juice, plain milk, chocolate milk, cheese snacks, and diet beverages), which received conflicting ratings across the FOP conditions.Statistical analysesSeparate generalized linear mixed models estimated the influence of FOP condition on 5 binary outcomes (1 = purchased, 0 = not purchased) corresponding to the product categories.ResultsFew differences were observed among the full sample. Among participants who noticed the labels (n = 1,993), those in the Health Star Rating condition were 4.5 percentage points (95% CI –7.0 to –1.9) more likely to purchase 100% fruit juice (compared to multiple traffic light) and 3.3 (95% CI 0.4 to 6.2) and 3.0 percentage points (95% CI 0.1 to 6.1) more likely to purchase cheese snacks (compared to no label and “high in”). “High in” labels produced fewer purchases of chocolate milk than no label.ConclusionsDespite some similarities, existing FOP systems differ in the extent to which they promote or dissuade purchases of common product categories. Although the Health Star Rating might encourage purchases of products with certain positive nutritional attributes, “high in” and multiple traffic light systems might more effectively discourage purchases of products contributing nutrients of public health concern.     

金华市农村创建社区卫生服务示范区初探

以创建示范区为目标,在农村开展社区卫生服务是新时期农村卫生工作的重要内容,是加快乡镇卫生院建设发展的必由之路。文章对农村创建社区卫生服务示范区工作进行了论述,分析存在问题,提出建议措施。     

抗纤合剂抗肝纤维化的动物实验

以柴胡疏肝散加味的抗纤合剂具有清热解毒、疏肝解郁、利水活血,提高白蛋白的作用。研究抗纤合剂对SD大鼠DMN二甲硝胺模型的病理组织学,透明质酸及肝功能的影响。抗纤合剂能减轻DMN二甲硝胺模型的肝纤维化程度,降低血清透明质酸的浓度。抗纤合剂在DMN二甲硝胺模型的SD大鼠实验中抗大鼠肝纤维化有效,具有抗肝纤维化及降解胶原的作用。     

酒客乐对酒精性肝损伤大鼠血清微量元素含量的影响

目的 :观察酒客乐对酒精性肝损伤大鼠血清微量元素含量的影响。方法 :用白酒、吡唑、橄榄油的混合液制成酒精性肝损伤模型 ,酒客乐冲剂为防治用药 ,观察血清微量元素Cu、Zn、Se及Mn含量的变化。结果 :与正常组比较 ,肝损伤组血清Se、Cu、Zn含量下降 (P <0 0 1或P <0 0 5 ) ;而防治组血清Se、Cu、Zn含量得以回升 ,其中Zn含量升至 3 2± 0 2 4ug ml,明显高于损伤组 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :酒客乐可通过补充酒精性肝损伤大鼠某些血清微量元素含量间接发挥清除自由基 ,稳定生物膜的作用     

小儿脑瘫与弓形虫感染关系的研究

目的 探讨海南小儿不明原因脑瘫与弓形虫感染的关系,为诊治小儿脑瘫提供依据,方法 以住院确诊不明原因脑瘫患儿为研究组,体检正常的小儿为对照组,比较两组弓形虫抗体ＩｇＧ和ＩｇＭ、循环抗原（ＣＡｇ）、ＤＮＡ的四项检测,分析弓形虫感染与脑瘫的关系。结果 研究组检测 ７９例脑瘫患儿中,弓形虫阳性３３例,感染率为４１．８％,对照组检测２６９例中,弓形虫阳性２３例,感染率为８．６％,两组对比差别非常显著（Ｐ＜０．００１）。结论 弓形虫感染是海南不明原因脑瘫患儿的主要原因之一,对于孕妇、新生儿和婴幼儿的弓形虫感染检测,是防治脑瘫发生的手段之一。     

中医药治疗糖尿病肾病实验研究进展

糖尿病肾病（DN）是糖尿病常见慢性并发症之一,白蛋白尿和肾小球滤过率下降是目前糖尿病肾病诊断的重要临床指征。DN严重影响着患者的生命质量,尽早地干预糖尿病肾病的危险因素,纠正胰岛素代谢障碍导致的长期高血糖因素影响下的肾脏损伤,是有效阻止其进展为终末期肾脏疾病的关键。中医药秉持其特色理论取得了独特的治疗优势,随着中医药对于DN的认识与研究的加深,实验研究方面也取得了一定的进展。本文总结了中医研究DN动物模型的常用构建方法,同时从中医药调节免疫炎症反应、降低氧化应激水平、改善肾脏血流动力学改变、纠正糖脂代谢紊乱等机制方面列举分析中医药辨治糖尿病实验研究进展,探讨中医药防治DN的机制,以期对临床有所裨益。