Evaluation of gastroesophageal reflux before and after sleeve gastrectomy using symptom scoring,scintigraphy, and endoscopy

BackgroundThe effect of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG) on gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has been a controversial issue. There have been limited studies on this aspect and most of the published studies are retrospective. Therefore, a prospective study was designed to objectively assess the problem. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of SG on symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux using questionnaire, endoscopy, and radionuclide scintigraphy.MethodsThirty-two patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy were assessed for gastroesophageal reflux using Carlsson Dent Questionnaire and GERD questionnaire before and after surgery at three monthly intervals. They were also subjected to upper GI endoscopy (UGIE) and radionuclide scintigraphy both pre- and postoperatively.ResultsMean preoperative weight and body mass index were 126.5 kg and 47.8 kg/m2, respectively. Mean percent excess weight loss at 12 months was 64.3 ± 18.4. Both the Carlsson Dent Score (CDS) and Severity Score (SS) exhibited a decline from 2.88 to 1.63 (p<0.05) and 2.28 to 1.06 (p<0.05), respectively after 12 months. Radionuclide scintigraphy revealed a significant rise of GERD from 6.25% to 78.1% in the postoperative period (p<0.001). UGIE showed a rise in incidence of esophagitis from 18.8% to 25%; however, there was improvement in all patients except one in terms of reduction of severity of esophagitis.ConclusionPresence of GERD may not be considered as a contra-indication for sleeve gastrectomy. There is improvement of GERD as assessed by symptom questionnaires, as well as improvement in grade of esophagitis. The new onset GERD detected on scintigraphy may not be pathologic as there is a decrease in total acid production postsurgery; however, it still remains an important issue and needs long-term follow-up.     

70°鼻内镜在新生儿先天性会厌囊肿的诊断

新生儿先天性会厌囊肿是一种较为少见的先天性疾病，1881年由Abercrombic命名，1970年De Sant比较详细的描述本病的病理、病因及治疗，此后国内渐有报道[1～4]。本病多见于新生儿期，容易误诊，若不及时诊治可发生严重并发症，甚至导致患儿窒息死亡。     

Molecular confocal laser endomicroscopy:A novel technique for in vivo cellular characterization of gastrointestinal lesions

While flexible endoscopy is essential for macroscopic evaluation,confocal laser endomicroscopy(CLE)has recently emerged as an endoscopic method enabling visualization at a cellular level.Two systems are currently available,one based on miniprobes that can be inserted via a conventional endoscope or via a needle guided by endoscopic ultrasound.The second system has a confocal microscope integrated into the distal part of an endoscope.By adding molecular probes like fluorescein conjugated antibodies or fluorescent peptides to this procedure(either topically or systemically administered during on-going endoscopy),a novel world of molecular evaluation opens up.The method of molecular CLE could potentially be used for estimating the expression of important receptors in carcinomas,subsequently resulting in immediate individualization of treatment regimens,but also for improving the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic procedures by identifying otherwise invisible mucosal lesions.Furthermore,studies have shown that fluorescein labelled drugs can be used to estimate the affinity of the drug to a target organ,which probably can be correlated to the efficacy of the drug.However,several of the studies in this research field have been conducted in animal facilities or in vitro,while only a limited number of trials have actually been carried out in vivo.Therefore,safety issues still needs further evaluations.This review will present an overview of the implications and pitfalls,as well as future challenges of molecular CLE in gastrointestinal diseases.     

双镜联合技术在胃间质瘤治疗中的应用

目的探讨双镜联合（胃镜联合腹腔镜）治疗胃间质瘤的安全性和有效性。方法2010年至2013年间采用双镜联合、单纯胃镜、单纯腹腔镜、传统开腹手术治疗的胃间质瘤患者共107例，比较4种治疗方式的操作时间、术中出血量、术后胃肠道功能恢复时间、术后下床活动时间、术后住院时间，以及术后并发症发生和肿瘤复发情况。结果所有病例手术顺利，术后无死亡及治疗相关并发症，随访至今无复发。双镜联合组、单纯胃镜组，单纯腹腔镜组、传统开腹组肿瘤直径分别为（3．7±2．8）em、（2．1±1．2）em、（3．8±2．4）em和（4．2±2．6）em，操作时间分别为（1．8±1．0）h、（0．8±0．5）h、（2．4±1．0）h和（2．5±1．0）h，术中出血量分别为（39．4±42．7）ml、（35．0±37．2）ml、（59．3±54．6）ml和（236，7±332．2）ml，术后胃肠道功能恢复时间分别为（2．6±1．3）d、（0．5±0．1）d、（3．7±1．4）d和（5．3±2．4）d，术后下床活动时间分别为（0．5±0．1）d、（0．4±0．1）d、（0．6±0．2）d和（3．7±0．7）d，术后住院时间分别为（7．1±5．1）d、（2．0±1．8）d、（9．2±3．1）d和（11．5±4．0）d。双镜联合组操作时间、术后胃肠道功能恢复时间显著短于单纯腹腔镜组（P〈0．05），操作时间、术中出血量、术后胃肠道功能恢复时间、术后下床活动时间、术后住院时间均显著短于或少于传统开腹组（P〈0．05），肿瘤直径、操作时间、术后胃肠道功能恢复时间、术后下床活动时间、术后住院时间明显大于或长于单纯胃镜组（P〈0．05）。结论双镜联合治疗胃间质瘤安全可行，适用范围广，且创伤小、术后恢复快，近期疗效令人满意，其远期疗效仍需进一步随访。     

Correlations Between Virtual Endoscopy and Otoendoscopy of the Retrotympanum

The aim of this study was to examine the anatomical landmarks of the retrotympanum using two different techniques, virtual endoscopy (VE) and fiberoptic endoscopy, and to correlate the results furnished by the two methods. Ten otosclerotic patients who were due to undergo stapedectomy were scanned using high-resolution spiral CT. Selected CT datasets were processed with Navigator 2.0 software to obtain virtual endoscopic views of the retrotympanum. Subsequently, during the surgical procedure, fiberoptic endoscopy was performed with 2.7-mm 0° and 30° rigid endoscopes. The ability of the two imaging methods to identify specific anatomical structures was then compared. In all cases the pyramidal eminence, pyramidal crest and sinus tympani were clearly identified in both VE images and otoendoscopy recordings, while fiberoptic endoscopy seemed to be less satisfactory than VE for studying the facial sinus, sinus of Proctor and fossula of Grivot. The two techniques proved to be equally sensitive for visualizing the ponticulus and subiculum, while the stapedius tendon could be visualized only by means of fiberoptic endoscopy. Overall, VE imaging appears promising for rendering important anatomical details of the retrotympanum, allowing identification of osseous landmarks and exploring recesses that are difficult to visualize via otoendoscopy.     

内镜下黏膜剥离术护理体会

内镜下黏膜剥离术（Endoscopic submucosal dissection，ESD）是内镜下黏膜切除术（Endoscop—icmucosal resection，EMR）基础上发展而来的新技术，主要针对大而平坦的黏膜早期癌变或黏膜下的病变，进行一次性大块剥离，不但能整体切除病变，还可以进行完整的病理学检查。