IVF-ET受孕双胎与自然受孕双胎的妊娠结局比较

目的:了解体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)受孕双胎的产科并发症和围生儿发病风险。方法:回顾性分析南方医院1998年1月～2005年5月43例IVF-ET受孕双胎和75例自然受孕双胎的产科并发症和围生儿结局。结果:IVF-ET受孕双胎组的母亲年龄为(30.81±4.36)岁,自然受孕双胎组母亲年龄为(27.26±3.40)岁,两组之间有显著性差异(P<0.001);IVF-ET受孕双胎组孕34～37周间早产率显著高于自然受孕组(46.51%vs20.00%,P<0.01),OR值为3.478,OR值95%的可信区间为1.52～7.93;IVF-ET受孕双胎组剖宫产率显著高于自然受孕双胎组(88.23%vs67.86%,P<0.05),OR值为2.247,OR值95%的可信区间为1.017～4.965;IVF-ET受孕双胎组单卵双胎的发生率显著低于自然受孕组(4.60%vs22.66%);两组其他产前、产时并发症和围生儿并发症无统计学差异。结论:IVF-ET受孕双胎组母亲年龄较大,早产发生率较高,单卵双胎比例较低,分娩方式以剖宫产为主,其他产科并发症与围生儿并发症与自然受孕双胎组相似。     

生长激素在体外受精超排卵中的临床应用效果观察

目的探讨生长激素（GH）在体外受精超排卵中的作用。方法选择初次行体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF—ET）的病人100例，随机分为观察组和对照组，各50例。两组病人均应用短方案于月经周期第2天起给予GnRH-a降调节，周期第3天起观察组加用重组人促卵泡素＋重组人生长激素进行超排卵，对照组只加用重组人促卵泡素进行超排卵。结果两组卵泡数、取卵数差异无显著性，但观察组促性腺激素用量及用药天数明显减少，MⅡ卵子数、受精率、优质胚胎数、妊娠率明显增加，早期流产率明显降低。结论生长激素在IVF超排卵中有辅助作用，可减少促性腺激素用量，改善卵子质量.     

cathpsin D在多囊卵巢综合征卵巢组织中的表达

目的:检测cathepsin D蛋白在多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovarian syndrome,PCOS)患者卵巢组织中的表达。方法:采用Western blot免疫印迹法检测卵巢组织中cathepsin D蛋白的表达,并进行半定量分析;免疫组织化学法观察cathepsin D蛋白的分布定位。结果:PCOS组患者卵巢中cathepsin D蛋白表达显著低于对照组(2.06±0.39 vs 4.76±1.43,P<0.05);cathepsin D在卵泡和卵巢间质细胞上均有表达,其中在卵泡颗粒细胞上染色最深,主要定位在胞浆和胞膜。结论:cathepsin D蛋白在PCOS患者卵巢组织中表达水平显著下调,这可能是PCOS卵泡发育异常的机制之一。     

小剂量生长激素在体外受精超排卵周期中的作用

在体外受精－胚胎移植（ＩＶＦ－ＥＴ）超排卵周期中，对反应差的不育妇女２７例采用促性腺激紊释放激素激动剂（ＧｎＲＨ－ａ）／小剂量重组人生长激奈（ＧＨ）结合人绝经期促性腺激奈（ｈＭＧ）／人绒毛膜促性腺激素（ｈＣＧ）进行超排卵１２例（ＧＨ组），与采用ＧｎＲＨ－ａ／ｈＭＧ／ｈＣＧ的１５例（对照组）进行比较。结果表明，ＧＨ能促进卵母细胞成熟，提高受精率，增加移植胚胎数，明显提高妊娠率。但未能影响卵泡的招募及诱发排卵所需ｈＭＧ的剂量和用药时间。血清胰岛素样生长因子Ｉ（ＩＧＦ－Ｉ）的水平在使用ＧＨ期间从１５０±４４ｎｇ／ｍｌ升达２２２±６ｎｇ／ｍｌ（Ｐ＜０．０１），而对照组无类似变化。证实小剂量ＧＨ在体外受精超排卵周期中的使用是有效的。     

应用DiI染色晶体对人胚胎视神经发育过程的初步研究

目的：应用Dil(1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3′,3′-tertamethylin-docarbocyanine perchlorate,一种羰花青染料)染色晶体研究人胚胎视网膜、外侧膝状体、上丘及视皮质间连接的形态学特征和动态发育过程。方法：对不同胎龄的7个胎儿眼球标本进行灌注固定后,分别于标本的视束、上丘臂和视皮质下板层植入Dil染色晶体,以标记来自视网膜和外侧膝状体的轴突。于室温下放置4-10周,等待Dil染色晶体扩散,再根据神经走向切片,通过激光共焦扫描显微镜观察并记录植入Dil染色晶体12-28周的结果。结果：植入Dil染色晶体12周时,胎儿标本的视网膜神经纤维投射已经到达外侧膝状体,但尚未出现分层现象;视网膜神经投射也已达到上丘,纤维位于上丘臂的背侧;视皮质下已出现板层结构。植入22周时视皮质下仍存在板层结构。结论：植入Dil染色晶体12周前,视网膜神经纤维投射已达到外侧膝状体和上丘,视皮质下的板层也已经形成,22周后消失。Dil染色技术能有效地用于研究胚胎期视神经的连续发育过程。     

Mineral deficiency and the use of the FETAX bioassay to study environmental teratogens

The Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay: Xenopus (FETAX) bioassay has been employed extensively to screen compounds for teratogenic activity. Recent laboratory studies have indicated that low potassium concentrations retard Xenopus laevis development. The effects of varying concentrations of minerals on Xenopus laevis embryo length and development were examined to determine the utility of the FETAX bioassay in the study of environmental teratogens. Water samples collected from 18 wetlands in Minnesota and North Dakota correlated with low mineral levels, causing delayed embryonic development in the FETAX bioassay. When the concentration of sodium or potassium was <5 ppm, Xenopus laevis development was delayed. As a result, it was difficult to assess teratogenic activity after 96 h of incubation. Furthermore, the length of the embryos-an indication of development-paralleled changes in mineral composition. Comparisons between different wetlands based on changes in one specific mineral were not possible due to a synergism between various minerals. If the concentration of sodium and/or potassium was <5 ppm but > or =2 ppm, extension of the FETAX bioassay to 120 h allowed organogenesis to proceed through stage 46, as required for scoring in accordance with ASTM guidelines for the FETAX bioassay. In those cases in which the concentration of sodium and/or potassium were <2 ppm, the embryos could not develop to stage 46 within 120 h and the FETAX bioassay was not suitable for detecting teratogenic activity. Published in 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of paternal administration of an antiestrogen, tamoxifen on embryo development in rats

We have earlier reported that oral administration of tamoxifen causes a dose-dependent reduction in the fertility of adult male rats. The decrease in fertility was mainly due to an increase in pre-implantation loss without an effect on fertilizing ability. During the study, an increased incidence of post-implantation loss of conceptuses sired by tamoxifen-treated male rats was observed. A detailed study was undertaken to investigate dose-related changes in pre- and post-implantation loss and the stage(s) of development at which these losses occurred. The present study demonstrates that tamoxifen treatment produced few normal litters as well as significantly increased pre-implantation loss without affecting the rate of fertilization. Also a significant increase in the number of degenerating embryos at the 2–4-cell stage (days 1–2 of gestation), retrieved from the oviduct/uterus of females mated with tamoxifen-treated males was observed. Histology of the resorbed fetuses, in both control and treated groups, showed presence of trophoblast outgrowth indicative of early placenta formation, which normally occurs on days 8–9 of gestation. The present results suggest that pre-implantation loss occurred at the 2–4-cell stage and the post-implantation loss occurred around days 8–9 of gestation, i.e. around midgestation. The possible effects of paternal tamoxifen treatment on embryogenesis may be due to the reduction of androgens or by the blockage of the estrogen receptor by tamoxifen, thereby affecting germ cell maturation during spermatogenesis.     

睾丸内注射pEGFP-N1体内转染精子并在山羊早期胚胎成功表达

目的考察自制低叶酸饲料对叶酸复合物分子靶向肿瘤程度的影响。方法采用放射性核素标记方法制备[^99mTc]DTPA-叶酸。两组不同叶酸含量饲料喂养的荷SGC-7901瘤裸鼠行尾静脉注射[^99mTc]DTPA-叶酸，检测4h后组织分布。结果与普通饲料组相比，低叶酸饲料组中[^99mTc]DTPA-叶酸在肿瘤组织分布量显著提高，相对增加量达34．5％，其他非靶组织的分布则明显减少。结论喂食自制低叶酸饲料能显著提高DTPA-叶酸对肿瘤组织的靶向程度，为叶酸复合物分子的肿瘤靶向诊断和治疗时选用低叶酸饲料提供了依据。     

辅助生殖中受精的方式与自然流产关系的探讨

目的 探讨在辅助生殖中不同的受精方式与自然流产的关系.方法 行体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)及单精子卵细胞浆内显微注射-胚胎移植(ICSI-ET)助孕的481个周期进行回顾性分析,按不同的受精方式分为IVF-ET组和ICSI-ET组,比较两组的一般临床资料、早期流产和晚期流产发生率.结果 ICSI-ET组的不孕年限、用促性腺激素(Gn)总量(支数)均低于IVF-ET组(P均＜0.05),两组的的年龄、Gn启动剂量、用Gn天数、移植胚胎数、ET优质胚胎数目差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05),ET后妊娠总的自然流产率17.54%,其中受精方式为IVF妊娠者早期流产率和晚期流产率分别为12.93%和4.08%,受精方式为单精子卵细胞浆内显微注射(ICSI)者早期流产率和晚期流产率为20.83%和0.00%,两组早期流产率和晚期流产率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 行ART助孕妊娠者早期流产率与自然受孕妊娠者的早期流产率10%～15%相近,行ICSI妊娠者早期自然流产率和晚期流产率与行IVF妊娠者相比无差别.     

Rho/Rho激酶信号通路在妊娠过程中的作用

Rho通过三磷酸鸟苷(GTP)结合形式和二磷酸鸟苷(GDP)结合形式的转换起着分子开关的作用,调控许多细胞内信号通路。Rho通过激活其下游靶分子Rho激酶调节细胞的黏附、迁移、增殖、收缩等多种生物学行为和功能。近年来,越来越多的研究发现Rho/Rho激酶通路与胚胎种植、妊娠维持及分娩发动密切相关,本文对其在妊娠过程中的作用进行综述。