利用Alopex改进的粒子群优化算法及其在软测量建模中的应用

提出了一种利用A lopex算法改进的粒子群优化算法,并将其应用于神经网络的建模中。改进的粒子群优化算法改善了粒子群优化算法摆脱局部极小点的能力,对典型函数的测试和基于神经网络的软测量建模表明:改进算法的全局搜索能力有了显著提高,特别是对多峰函数能够有效地避免早熟收敛问题。     

药用肉苁蓉的遗传多样性RAPD分析

目的 :荒漠肉苁蓉Cistanche deserticola和管花肉苁蓉Cistanche tubulosa群体遗传多样性的研究。方法 :对荒漠肉苁蓉 2个野生居群和管花肉苁蓉 4个野生居群进行RAPD分析 ,利用POPGENE1.31版软件分析群体的遗传多样性。结果 :荒漠肉苁蓉平均多态位点百分率 47.37% ,2个居群多态位点分别为 39.4 7%和 35.53% ,平均Nei’s基因多样性为 0 .135 8,Shannon’s多态性信息指数为 0.2072 ,基因分化系数Gst=0.2546。管花肉苁蓉平均多态位点百分率 27.5 9% ,各居群多态位点百分率从 19.54 %到 25.29% ,其中安迪尔居群的最高 25.29% ,平均Nei’s基因多样性为 0.0823,Shannon’s多态性信息指数为 0.1258,基因分化系数Gst=0.1755。结论 :荒漠肉苁蓉和管花肉苁蓉在居群间均有一定的分化 ,荒漠肉苁蓉的遗传多样性明显高于管花肉苁蓉 ,并已明显分化成 2个生态型。     

粪便自诱导分子-2在新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎临床病情监测中的价值

目的初步探讨粪便自诱导分子-2(AI-2)监测新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)病情变化的价值。方法以2017年10月至2018年4月收治的12例NEC患儿为研究对象,并按照胎龄、日龄、生产方式、喂养方式、抗生素使用等选择12例与NEC组患儿匹配的非NEC新生儿为对照组。NEC诊断时定为急性期,再次开奶3天后定为恢复期。采集NEC急性期、恢复期和对照组的粪便标本,以BB170生物荧光检测法检测粪便AI-2浓度,采用16s rDNA高通量测序分析粪便菌群。结果在菌门水平,拟杆菌门比例在NEC组急性期、恢复期和对照组之间差异有统计学意义(P0.05),其中NEC恢复期比例最低。在菌属水平,肠球菌属、拟杆菌属比例在三组之间差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),其中NEC急性期肠球菌属比例最低,恢复期拟杆菌属比例最低。三组粪便AI-2浓度差异有统计学意义(P0.05),以NEC急性期为最低。结论 AI-2在监测NEC病情变化方面具有潜在临床应用价值。     

Orange Fanta versus orange fruit: A novel measure of nutrition knowledge in Malawi

This paper introduces a novel survey instrument to identify distinct components of nutrition knowledge and test for links between knowledge and dietary choices in Southern Malawi. Our first aim is to distinguish respondents' familiarity with recommended behaviours, such as when to start breastfeeding or introduce solid foods, from respondents' factual knowledge about mechanisms, such as whether biscuits or papaya and orange fruit or orange Fanta contribute more to future health. We find knowledge of nutrition behaviours to be strongly associated with more schooling, older age, and being female, whereas knowledge of mechanisms is associated only with training and employment as a health professional. We then test whether this expanded definition of nutrition knowledge is associated with dietary intake when controlling for other factors and find no significant links in these data. Results point to the need for knowledge surveys and public health behaviour‐change campaigns to address the kinds of information that might have the most influence on actual behaviour, potentially including the mechanisms involved in food composition, food safety, and disease transmission.     

Mother's dietary diversity and association with stunting among children <2 years old in a low socio‐economic environment: A case–control study in an urban care setting in Dhaka,Bangladesh

Mothers are often responsible for preparing nutritious foods in their households. However, the quality of mother's diets is often neglected, which may affect both mother's and child's nutrition. Because no single food contains all necessary nutrients, diversity in dietary sources is needed to ensure a quality diet. We aimed to study the association between mother's dietary diversity and stunting in children <2 years attending Dhaka Hospital of icddr,b, a diarrhoeal disease hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A case–control study (n = 296) was conducted from November 2016 to February 2017. Data were collected from mothers of stunted children <2 years (length‐for‐age z score [LAZ] < ?2) as “cases” and nonstunted (LAZ ≥ ?1) children <2 years as “controls.” Mothers were asked to recall consumption of 10 defined food groups 24 hr prior to the interview as per Guidelines for Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women. Among the mothers of cases, 58% consumed <5 food groups during the last 24 hr, compared with 45% in control mothers (P = 0.03). Children whose mothers consumed <5 food groups were 1.7 times more likely to be stunted than children whose mothers consumed ≥5 food groups (P = 0.04). Intake of food groups such as pulses, dairy, eggs, and vitamin A rich fruit was higher in control mothers. Proportion of mother's illiteracy, short stature, monthly family income <BDT 11,480, absence of bank account, and poor sanitation was also found to be higher in stunted group. Further study particularly intervention or longitudinal study to see the causality of mother's dietary diversity with child stunting is recommended.     

Timing and diversity of complementary food introduction for prevention of allergic diseases. How early and how much?

The timing of the introduction of complementary foods appears crucial to the development of allergic diseases later in life. The results from recent observational studies might be misinterpreted to suggest that introducing complementary food prior to the age of four months might have a beneficial effect on the induction of immune tolerance. Since these two recently published papers cannot completely account for reverse causation, as is the case for all observational studies, we recommend that the current ESPGHAN and American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations be maintained as long as new evidence from large randomized controlled intervention trials do not suggest otherwise. That is, complementary foods should be first introduced between the age of 17 to 26 weeks.     

Editorial: Let's talk about sex – the gender binary revisited

Sex refers to biological differences and gender to socioculturally delineated masculine and feminine roles. Sex or gender are included as a covariate or effect modifier in the majority of child psychology and psychiatry studies, and differences found between boys and girls have inspired many researchers to postulate underlying mechanisms. Empirical tests of whether including these proposed explanatory variables actually reduces the variance explained by gender are lagging behind somewhat. That is a pity, because a lot can be gained from a greater focus on the active agents of specific gender differences. As opposed to biological sex as such, some of the processes explaining why a specific outcome shows gender differences may be changeable and so possible prevention targets. Moreover, while the sex binary may be reasonable adequate as a classification variable, the gender binary is far from perfect. Gender is a multidimensional, partly context-dependent factor, and the dichotomy generally used in research does not do justice to the diversity existing within boys and girls.     

Perioperative Nursing and Education: What the IOM Future of Nursing Report Tells Us

Changes in the current health care system have rendered the system unprepared to support new demands. Similarly, nursing education both before and after licensure is no longer adequate. Four of the eight recommendations in the Institute of Medicine’s Future of Nursing report involve changes to nursing education and pose significant goals to achieve. This makes creating innovative ways to meet the demand for educating RNs a necessity. This article discusses the Institute of Medicine’s recommendations, how they relate to perioperative nursing, and ways in which nurses and educators can help promote expectations.     

Relevance of food‐based dietary guidelines to food and nutrition security: A South African perspective

Food‐based dietary guidelines are often developed at country level to assist in bringing dietary intakes closer to nutrient intake goals and, ultimately, to prevent nutrition‐related diseases. However, high food prices, alongside growing inflation, increasingly restrict food choices. This can leave those who are already vulnerable and less well off more exposed to the associated health implications of a nutrient deficient diet. With food and nutrition security being a high priority on the global nutrition agenda, this paper explores the feasibility of food‐based dietary guidelines to assist in improving food and nutrition security, focusing on nutritionally vulnerable groups in South Africa. It is argued that increased food prices, together with population growth, urbanisation and inflation, constrain everyday healthy food choices of a large proportion of South Africans. The South African food‐based dietary guidelines released in 2012 advocate the consumption of a daily diet containing a variety of foods. Unfortunately, even when the most basic and low‐cost food items are selected to make up a recommended daily diet, the associated costs are well out of reach of poor individuals residing in South Africa. The average household income of the poor in South Africa equips many households to procure mainly low‐cost staple foods such as maize meal porridge, with limited added variety. Although the ability to procure enough food to maintain satiety of all family members might categorise them as being food secure, the nutritional limitations of such monotonous diets may have severe implications in terms of their health, development and quality of life. Food‐based dietary guidelines alone have little relevance in such circumstances where financial means limit food choice. Alternative interventions are therefore required to equip the poor to follow recommended healthy diets and to improve individual food intake and nutrition security.