Effects of low-level microwave irradiation on amphetamine hyperthermia are blockable by naloxone and classically conditionable

In a series of experiments, we investigated the effects of pulsed low-level microwave irradiation on amphetamine-induced hyperthermia in the rat. Rats were irradiated in a 2,450-MHz cylindrical waveguide exposure system at 1 mW/cm², 2 s pulses, 500 pps, average SAR of 0.6 W/kg. Acute (45 min) exposure to microwaves attenuated amphetamine-induced hyperthermia. This effect was blocked by pretreatment of the animals with the narcotic antagonist naloxone. In another experiment, rats were subjected to ten daily sessions of microwave exposure (45 min/session). On day 11, amphetamine-induced hyperthermia was studied in the animals immediately after a session of either microwave or sham exposure. Similar to the acute effect, amphetamine-induced hyperthermia was attenuated in rats irradiated with microwaves (unconditioned effect). In the sham-irradiated animals we observed a potentiation of the amphetamine-induced hyperthermia, which was a conditioned effect of microwaves. Thus, the conditioned effect (potentiation) was opposite in direction to the unconditioned effect (attenuation). No tolerance developed to the unconditioned effect after subchronic exposure. Furthermore, both conditioned and unconditioned effects of microwaves on amphetamine-induced hyperthermia could be blocked by treatment with naloxone. These data suggest that (1) microwave irradiation may activate endogenous opioids, which in turn alter the actions of psychoactive drugs, and (2) the effect of microwaves on drug action can be classically conditioned. Offprint requests to: H. Lai     

旋髂深动脉及其临近结构的观测

目的：研究旋髂深动脉与临近结构的位置关系,为临床应用提供解剖学依据。方法：应用成年尸体20具（40侧,男尸12具,女尸8具）,观察旋髂深动脉,髂腹下神经,髂腹股沟神经,股外侧皮神经及它们之间的位置关系,结果：旋髂深动脉与神经之间有密切的毗邻关系,结论：临床上在作髂骨瓣移植分离切断旋髂深动脉及其分支时,应注意保护有关的神经。     

乳腺癌术后不同乳房再造方法并发症的Meta分析

目的评估乳房重建术式与术后并发症的关系。方法计算机检索Pubmed、Embase、Medline、Cochrance、WangFang、CNKI、万方及维普数据库,检索1990年1月至2017年11月已发表的应用横行腹直肌肌皮瓣、腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣、背阔肌肌皮瓣、背阔肌肌皮瓣联合假体、单纯假体置入5种常用的乳房重建术式术后并发症的中英文文献,采用RevMan 5.3进行Meta分析。结果纳入研究文献29篇。横行腹直肌肌皮瓣法术后出现皮瓣局部坏死、血清肿、感染、脂肪液化、腹壁疝及供区腹壁膨隆并发症高于腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣法,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。横行腹直肌肌皮瓣法出现术后皮瓣全部坏死、伤口裂开、感染并发症高于背阔肌肌皮瓣法,其出现术后血清肿低于背阔肌肌皮瓣法,结果均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。背阔肌肌皮瓣+假体置入法出现术后血清肿高于单纯假体置入法,其在术后假体包膜挛缩、假体移位要低于单纯假体置入法,结果均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣具有横行腹直肌肌皮瓣的优点,并发症少。临床上应根据患者自身情况选择并发症较低的乳房重建术。     

Reconstruction of Soft Tissue Defects in the Hand with a Free Anterolateral Thigh Deep Fascia Flap

ObjectiveTo report our experience in the reconstruction of soft tissue defects in the hand with a free anterolateral thigh deep fascia flap and describe the clinical outcomes.MethodsThis study was a retrospective trial. From November 2016 to January 2020, six patients (four men and two women) with soft tissue defects in the hand were included in this study. The average age of the patients was 33.7 ± 12.7 years (range, 20 to 50 years). All patients underwent reconstructions with free anterolateral thigh deep fascia flaps. Relevant clinical characteristics were recorded prior to surgery. The size and thickness of the deep fascia flap and the thickness of the skin were measured intraoperatively. The survival of the flaps and skin grafts and the occurrence of infection were recorded after the operation. At follow‐up, donor site complications and postoperative effects were evaluated according to the outcome satisfaction scale. The pain in the injured hand was assessed using the visual analog scale.ResultsThe average body mass index (BMI) was 26.6 ± 1.7 kg/m² (range, 23.9 to 28.7 kg/m²). The defect sizes ranged from 5 cm × 5 cm to 13 cm × 8 cm (average, 53.1 ± 27.9 cm²). The six anterolateral thigh deep fascia flaps ranged from 7 cm × 6 cm to 14 cm × 9 cm in size (average, 71.8 ± 29.1 cm²). The thicknesses of skin ranged from 25 mm to 40 mm (average, 32.5 ± 4.8 mm), and the thicknesses of the deep fascia flaps ranged from 2 mm to 3 mm (average, 2.5 ± 0.5 mm). After the operation, the blood supply of the deep fascia flap was normal in all cases. The second‐stage skin grafts of most patients survived completely. The skin graft in one case was partially necrotic and healed after a dressing change. No infection occurred. At follow‐up (average, 16.3 ± 6.9 months), there was only a linear scar and no loss of sensation at the donor site of each patient. According to the outcome satisfaction scale, the outcome satisfaction score ranged from 6 to 8 (average, 7.2 ± 0.9), all of which were satisfactory. Apart from one patient who reported mild pain, all the other patients reported no pain. Three typical cases are presented in this article.ConclusionsThe free anterolateral thigh deep fascia flap, which is suitable for reconstruction of soft tissue defects in the hand, can provide very good outcomes both functionally and aesthetically.     

经旋股内侧动脉深支和旋股外侧动脉升支介入治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的应用解剖

对 50例成人下肢标本的旋股内侧动脉深支和旋股外侧动脉升支的起源、起点、外径、走行、分布以及经这二支血管介入有关的结构进行观测 ,为介入治疗股骨头缺血性坏死提供更接近病变部位及可进行插管的血管。结果表明 ,旋股外侧动脉升支与横支共干起自旋股外侧动脉者占 68% ,升支单独起自旋股外侧动脉占 2 6 % ;旋股内侧动脉深支由旋股内侧动脉主干延续而来。旋股内、外侧动脉深支或升支起点外径分别为 3 0± 0 8mm、 2 8± 0 7mm。从股动脉的起点 ,经股深动脉、旋股外侧动脉至其升支长度为 7 1± 1 1cm ;经股深动脉、旋股内侧动脉至其深支长度为 5 6± 1 4cm。旋股内侧动脉与其深支间约呈 90 。 角 ;旋股外侧动脉与其升支间约呈 1 33。 角。旋股内、外侧动脉深支 (升支 )为营养股骨头和颈的血管 ,这二支血管符合导管插入要求     

Anatomic study of femoral vein occlusion during simulated hip arthroplasty

Summary An anatomic study was undertaken to establish whether positioning of the leg and surgical approaches for total hip replacement (THR) cause changes in the femoral v. which may contribute to the development of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The patency of 32 femoral vv. of 18 cadavers was inspected at different levels during simulated THR. Before and after removal of the femoral head through a transgluteal or posterior approach, a wide-angle endoscope was inserted into the femoral v. via the external iliac v. Blood flow was simulated by proximal irrigation with saline through the popliteal v. After removal of the femoral head distinct changes were observed in both approaches. In the transgluteal approach the changes were dependent on the degree of adduction and the body build of the cadaver. Initially, an oval form was seen in a constricted lumen with an increasingly oblique oval deformation and a final facet-like closure, usually at about 5 to 7.5 cm below the inguinal ligament. In total adduction this stenosis occured regardless of build. Using a posterior approach, the necessary internal rotation caused a closure of the vein in 50% of cases. In combination with flexion and adduction there was stenosis in all cadavers regardless of body build. Our results indicate that the duration of the adducted position of the thigh during THR via a transgluteal approach should be minimised, as there is a reduction in blood flow with even minor degrees of adduction. In the posterior approach the stenosis occurs earlier, and is independent of the build of the cadaver.

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Étude anatomique de la sténose de la veine fémorale au cours des arthroplasties totales de hanche

Résumé L'étude anatomique a été réalisée pour établir la relation entre les différentes positions du membre inférieur au cours des arthroplasties totales de hanche et la survenue d'une thrombose veineuse profonde. Cette étude a été réalisée sur 18 cadavres, dont 32 vv. fémorales ont pu être examinées à différents temps de l'arthroplastie totale de hanche, avant et après ablation de la tête fémorale, par voie trans-glutéale ou par voie postérieure. Un endoscope (grand angle) a été introduit dans la v. fémorale par la v. iliaque externe. Le flux sanguin a été simulé par irrigation antérograde avec du sérum salé à travers la v. poplitée. Après l'ablation de la tête fémorale, il a été noté des différences significatives entre la voie d'abord trans-glutéale et la voie d'abord postérieure pour ce qui concerne l'aspect de la lumière de la v. fémorale et le flux sanguin. En ce qui concerne la voie trans-glutéale, ces modifications dépendaient du degré d'adduction et de la corpulence du cadavre. L'aspect de la lumière de la v. fémorale était initialement ovale, puis évoluait progressivement vers la sténose complète qui se situait à peu près entre 5 et 7,5 cm audessous du ligament inguinal. En adduction complète de la cuisse, la sténose se produisait, quelle que soit la corpulence du cadavre. En ce qui concerne la voie d'abord postérieure, la rotation médiale, indispensable à l'accès pour la mise en place de l'élément prothétique fémoral, causait une sténose de la v. fémorale dans 50% des cas. En ce qui concerne la combinaison des mouvements d'adduction et de flexion de la hanche, elle était responsable d'une sténose de la v. fémorale dans tous les cas, et ceci quelle que soit la corpulence du cadavre. Nos résultats indiquent que le durée de la position d'adduction de la cuisse durant l'arthroplastie totale de hanche par voie transglutéale devrait être diminuée car la réduction du flux sanguin dans la v. fémorale survient, même pour des petits degrés d'adduction. Dans la voie d'abord postérieure, la sténose survient plus tôt, elle ne dépend pas de la corpulence du cadavre.

     

灵芝孢子油与深海鱼油联合应用对小鼠学习记忆及海马神经元表达NOS的影响

目的探讨灵芝孢子油与深海鱼油联合应用对小鼠学习记忆及海马神经元表达NOS的影响。方法将受孕小鼠随机分为4组,自受孕第1天起分别胃饲生理盐水、灵芝孢子油、深海鱼油和灵芝孢子油加深海鱼油。在母鼠分娩21d后改为胃饲其幼鼠,然后将出生后45d的幼鼠处死。处死前进行Morris水迷宫行为学测试,处死后应用酶组织化学法检测海马神经元NOS的表达。结果在Morris水迷宫检测中,灵芝孢子油组、深海鱼油组和灵芝孢子油加深海鱼油组小鼠的逃逸潜伏期明显缩短。灵芝孢子油组和灵芝孢子油加深海鱼油组的小鼠平台象限游泳距离有增加。灵芝孢子油加深海鱼油组的小鼠大脑海马NOS阳性神经元与其它组的小鼠比较有显著性增加。结论灵芝孢子油和深海鱼油联合应用能够促进小鼠学习记忆能力及其大脑海马神经元表达NOS。     

益气通阳化痰方联合迈之灵治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成的临床研究

目的:研究益气通阳化痰方联合迈之灵治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成的临床疗效。方法:将60例下肢深静脉血栓形成患者随机分为单药治疗组和联合治疗组,两组均予迈之灵口服治疗,联合治疗组加用益气通阳化痰方,10天为1个疗程,两个疗程后分析临床疗效,肢体阻抗血流图和血液流变学变化。结果:联合治疗组在疼痛缓解、下肢肿胀消退、血粘度及肢体血流的改善方面明显优于迈之灵单药治疗组;两组总有效率比较差异具有显著性。结论:益气通阳化痰方联合迈之灵治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成具有较好疗效。     

足背皮神经的显微断层解剖及其临床意义

目的 为不同部位断足再植提供理论基础和有关数据。方法 用体视学方法对６６例成人足背皮神经进行了观测。结果 腓深神经的平均横径和面积分别为：第１断层３．０５ｍｍ,３．２８ｍｍ＾２;腓浅神经的平均横径和面积分别为：第１断层３．１４ｍｍ,２．３８ｍｍ＾２;足背内侧皮神经的平均横径和面积分别为：第１断层２．７５ｍｍ,２．１４ｍｍ＾２,第５断层２．６８ｍｍ,２．０９ｍｍ＾２;足背中间皮神经的平均横径和面积分