温州市强制隔离戒毒人员生存质量及影响因素研究

目的 分析温州市强制隔离戒毒人员的生存质量状况及其影响因素,为制定提高戒毒人员生存质量的卫生服务措施提供依据。方法 采用药物成瘾者生存质量评定量表(QOL-DA)及自制问卷对温州市207名强制隔离戒毒人员进行生存质量测定,运用多元线性回归分析其影响因素。结果 207名强制隔离戒毒人员以男性、年龄在30~50岁之间、本地户籍、初中及以下文化程度、无业者为主;首次吸毒年龄在20~40岁之间者占71.50%,单纯吸食传统毒品、新型毒品的比例分别为14.01%和50.24%,单纯口吸、烫吸比例为68.12%,多次戒毒、当前戒毒持续时间小于6个月的比例分别为66.67%和78.64%,32.85%的戒毒人员自我报告患有吸毒相关疾病。戒毒人员躯体功能(PH)、心理功能(PS)、戒断症状及毒副反应(ST)、社会功能(SO)4个维度得分分别为(34.04±6.82)分、(32.33±5.93)分、(49.49±6.61)分和(37.01±7.29)分,生存质量评价总分为(152.87±21.00)分。吸毒相关疾病、毒品类型、吸毒方式、户籍是其生存质量的影响因素。结论 强制隔离戒毒人员生存质量较低,应针对影响因素采取综合卫生服务措施以提高其生活质量。     

专利许可与中药国际化发展的策略探讨

中药国际化是一项艰巨而不容回避的工程。除了从技术层面加强中药理论研究,探索多样化的合作模式来推动中药国际化是很有必要的。专利许可是重要的知识产权战略和技术交易形式,通过专利许可的方式与国外制药企业合作,是现阶段中药国际化的一个可行途径。针对中药国际专利申请和保护存在的问题,结合创新中药NJS案例,从中药国际专利申请、保护和许可3个方面提出了相应的策略建议。     

在强制隔离戒毒所HIV/AIDS患者中开展结核病症状筛查和干预的研究

目的了解强制隔离戒毒所HIV/AIDS患者中结核病症状筛查阳性水平,提高结核病防治知识知晓率。方法采取典型调查的方法,确定四川省资阳市某强制隔离戒毒所为研究现场。使用"结核病可疑症状筛查问卷"对HIV/AIDS患者进行筛查,筛查阳性者通过痰涂片和X线检查确诊;同时使用《结核病/艾滋病防治宣传折页》对HIV/AIDS患者进行宣传教育的干预,并在干预前后进行知晓率调查。共纳入605例患者,使用χ2检验比较了宣传前后知晓率的改变。结果患者全部为男性,平均年龄(31.5±6.70)岁,99.5%(602/605)仅有初中及以下文化程度。结核病症状筛查阳性率为10.1%(61/605),主要症状为咳嗽、咳痰持续2周以上等。症状筛查阳性者结核病检出率为21.3%(13/61),HIV/AIDS患者结核病检出率为2.1%(13/605)。干预前后,患者总知晓率分别为20.8%和87.1%(χ2=2174.261,P=0.000),各单题知晓率也有显著性提高。结论强制隔离戒毒所应成为开展结核病/HIV防治工作的重点场所,今后需进一步规范强制隔离戒毒所HIV/AIDS患者结核病症状筛查流程,提高HIV/AIDS患者结核病防治知晓率。     

Driver licensing: descriptive epidemiology of a social determinant of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health

Objective : Education, employment and equitable access to services are commonly accepted as important underlying social determinants of health. For most Australians, access to health, education and other services is facilitated by private transport and a driver licence. This study aimed to examine licensing rates and predictors of licensing in a sample of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, as these have previously been poorly described. Methods : Interviewer‐administered surveys were conducted with 625 people 16 years or older in four Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services in New South Wales and South Australia over a two‐week period in 2012–2013. Results : Licensing rates varied from 51% to 77% by site. Compared to not having a licence, having a driver licence was significantly associated with higher odds of full‐time employment (adjusted OR 4.0, 95%CI 2.5–6.3) and educational attainment (adjusted OR 1.9, 95%CI 1.2–2.8 for trade or certificate; adjusted OR 4.0, 95%CI 1.6–9.5 for degree qualification). Conclusions : Variation in driver licensing rates suggests different yet pervasive barriers to access. There is a strong association between driver licensing, education and employment. Implications : Licensing inequality has far‐reaching impacts on the broader health and wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, reinforcing the need for appropriate and accessible pathways to achieving and maintaining driver licensing.     

Substance Use and Other Psychiatric Disorders in Impaired Practitioners

This paper describes the nature and comorbidity of substance use and other psychiatric disorders in 157 impaired practitioners notified to the Medical Practitioners Board of Victoria from 1983 to 1997. Diagnoses were reduced to three diagnostic categories, viz, substance use disorder (n = 62), other psychiatric disorder (n = 62), and combined substance use and other psychiatric disorder (n = 33). Sixty nine percent of those with other psychiatric disorders suffered either bipolar disorder (n = 27), schizophrenia (n = 22), or depression (n = 17). Psychiatric comorbidity in drug-related diagnoses was 26% and in alcohol-related diagnoses 64%. Sixty five percent of substance use disorders were notified more than 12 months after onset of impairment, and 49% of all practitioners (71% with substance use disorder) did not receive treatment prior to notification. This combined with a high relapse rate (41%) makes some impaired practitioners a risk to their patients.     

我国药品强制许可制度存在的问题及对策

面对全球公共健康的严峻形式,《多哈宣言》赋予WHO成员国处理公共健康危机时,具有使用药品专利强制许可的权利。虽然我国已基本建立药品专利强制许可制度,但是在实际工作中存在实施效力较低、行政主管部门职责不清、制药企业对有关规定了解不足等诸多问题,需要改进、完善有关法律规定和相关制度,切实提高药物可及性。     

强制性使用运动治疗结合头皮针抽提法提高脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢功能临床研究

目的观察强制性使用运动治疗结合头皮针抽提法对脑卒中偏瘫患者的临床疗效。方法以本院收治的126例脑卒中偏瘫患者为研究对象,对照组采用常规康复治疗法进行治疗,观察组患者则采用强制性使用运动治疗结合头皮针抽提法进行治疗。对两组患者治疗的临床疗效进行比较比较,采用Wolf运动功能量表(WMFT)、简易上肢功能评定量表(STEF)对两组患者的上肢功能的改善情况进行比较。采用Barthel指数对两组患者的治疗前后及随访过程中日常活动能力进行比较,并对两组患者神经功能缺损情况进行评分对比。结果 (1)观察组患者治疗后的临床总有效率高于对照组患者。(2)观察组患者治疗后的WMFT、STEF评分高于对照组患者,观察组患者上肢功能优于对照组患者。(3)观察组Barthel指数、神经功能缺损得分优于对照组患者,观察组患者日常活动能力优于对照组。结论采用强制性使用运动治疗结合头皮针抽提法对脑卒中偏瘫患者进行康复治疗有着显著的治疗效果,可明显改善患者的上肢功能状况,对患者的远期日常生活活动能力也有一定的提高作用。     

湖南省1808例犯罪精神病人司法精神病学鉴定资料分析

目的:探讨湖南省司法精神病学鉴定结果为无/限定刑事责任能力的犯罪精神病人的特征。方法:利用自编档案资料采集表,对湖南省2005-2009年经司法精神病学鉴定为无/限定刑事责任能力的1808例犯罪精神病人进行资料收集。结果:1808例犯罪精神病人中,生活在农村的未婚中青年男性占绝大多数,受教育程度较低,职业以农民为主,犯罪类型中以故意杀人罪(39.0%)和故意伤害罪(31.1%)分布最多,精神障碍诊断类型中以精神病性障碍(79.1%)最多,接受强制治疗者有284(15.7%)例。结论:湖南省犯罪精神病人大多数为农村中青年男性,接受强制治疗的比例很低。     

The nineteenth-century experience of the kingdom of the two Sicilies on mandatory vaccination: An Italian phenomenon?

The current health emergency caused by COVID-19 disease shows several similarities with well-known epidemics of the past. The knowledge of their management and overcoming could give us useful tools to face the present COVID-19 pandemic. The Bourbon king Ferdinand I planned the first free large-scale mass vaccination programme conducted in Italy and one of the first in Europe to counteract smallpox. The vaccination campaign was characterized by many difficulties and the efforts made by the Southern Kingdoms governors were enormous. For example, the “ante litteram communication campaign”, aimed at convincing the so-called “hesitant” people and at confuting the arguments of vaccination opponents, was impressive. In 1821, the compulsory vaccination significantly reduced smallpox infections and death rates. Subsequently, several experiences followed this initiative, not without doubts and debates. Smallpox was finally eradicated worldwide only on the 9^th December 1979.Despite to other countries, the “mandatory vaccination” is a topic often debated by Italian scientific and social communities.