无锡市2006～2009年蜚蠊群落特征分析

[目的]了解无锡市蜚蠊群落的动态特征,为灭蟑工作控制提供依据。[方法]采用粘蟑纸法从2006~2009年对全市5种环境类型中的蜚蠊进行连续监测,并对监测结果进行统计分析。[结果]2006~2009年无锡市蜚蠊密度和侵害率的平均值分别为1.44只/张和23.75%,种类主要为德国小蠊、美洲大蠊和黑胸大蠊,其中德国小蠊为绝对优势种。蜚蠊常年都有发生,其中7~10月为密度高、活动频繁,密度、侵害率与气温显著相关(P﹤0.01)。经群落相似性分析(Similarity=85%,Stress=0.06),5种环境类型分为两组,第1组为农贸市场、餐饮店和宾馆,蜚蠊密度与侵害率都较高;第2组为医院和居民住房,蜚蠊密度与侵害率都较低。[结论]德国小蠊是无锡市灭蟑的主要种类,农贸市场、餐饮店和宾馆是开展灭蟑工作的主要环境类型。     

16S rRNA基因序列分析法在输入性蜚蠊携带病原菌检测中的应用研究

目的 应用16S rRNA基因序列分析法对江苏口岸输入性蜚蠊携带的细菌进行快速检测.方法 用研磨器将蜚蠊研碎,用LB培养基增菌和分离培养,随机挑选细菌单克隆,提取DNA,对16S rRNA基因进行PCR扩增,扩增产物进行序列分析、比对,确定细菌种属.结果 从输入性蜚蠊中共分离鉴定出23种细菌,分属15属.结论 输入性蜚...     

Survey of Pest Infestation, Asthma, and Allergy in Low-income Housing

Low-income housing often has multiple indoor health risks. Among them, pest infestation, pesticide use, and pest allergens are recognized as common risks which affect residents’ health. Cockroach and rodent allergens are associated with morbidity and mortality of asthmatics. To characterize the levels of pest infestation, residents’ attitudes toward pest control, and the relationships among cockroaches, mice, cockroach allergen level, asthma and allergy rate in public housing, we interviewed residents from 358 randomly selected apartments in Gary, Indiana and assessed the environmental conditions. Dust samples were collected from 101 apartment kitchen floors to analyze for cockroach allergen (Bla g 1 and Bla g 2) levels. Eighty one percent of the apartments were found infested by cockroaches, mice, ants, spiders, or flies. In the 101 apartments evaluated, 98% of the kitchen dust samples had detectable levels of Bla g 1 allergen (≥0.4 U/g), 52% had ≥2 U/g, and 33% had ≥8 U/g of Bla g 1. Among the 1,173 residents, 13% and 9% had physician-diagnosed asthma and allergy, respectively. Existence of diagnosed asthmatic was positively correlated with mouse infestations.     

浙江省东阳市城区蜚蠊种群调查

目的了解东阳市城区蜚蠊种群组成、分布、季节消长及其侵害情况,为蜚蠊的防制提供科学依据。方法采用粘蟑纸粘捕法进行监测。结果东阳市城区共发现蜚蠊3种,隶属2科2属,德国小蠊为优势种群,2007年1月至2008年12月共布放粘蟑纸3000张,捕获蜚蠊977只,阳性蜚蠊张数为391张,侵害率为0～31.2%,不同行业蜚蠊侵害率差异有统计学意义（χ2=213.61,P〈0.01）。6-11月为蜚蠊密度高峰期,季节消长曲线呈单峰型,7-9月侵害率最高,不同月份蜚蠊侵害率差异有统计学意义（χ2=153.01,P〈0.01）。结论东阳市城区蜚蠊孳生场所主要是农贸市场、医院和饮食行业,近年来侵害范围不断扩大,逐渐向医院和居民住宅蔓延,应采取有效措施加以控制。     

硫酰氟熏蒸4种媒介致死顺序与影响因素研究

目的研究硫酰氟对蚊、家蝇、蜚蠊和鼠熏蒸绝对致死顺序及温度、湿度等因素对熏蒸致死效果的影响,以指导实际应用。方法蚊、家蝇和蜚蠊每个浓度梯度选用50只供试成虫,小鼠、sD大鼠每个浓度梯度选用10只,熏蒸24h,进行连续观察,实时记录其死亡情况。固定硫酰氟的用量和熏蒸时间,调节环境温度、湿度,观察媒介的死亡情况。在相同的实验条件下,观察蚊、蜚蠊不同种致死量的差异。结果硫酰氟熏蒸蚊、家蝇、蜚蠊和鼠24h绝对致死顺序为：蚊（1．099g／m^3）〈家蝇（1．520g／m^3）〈蜚蠊（3．817g／m^3）〈小鼠（3．874g／m^3）〈大鼠（5．122g／m^3）。温度、湿度影响硫酰氟对4种媒介的熏蒸致死率。硫酰氟熏不同蚊种和不同蜚蠊种间致死量无明显差异。结论本研究结果对指导口岸处理集装箱个案化用药具有参考作用。     

铁路待等客运站蜚蠊防制对策研究

目的：通过对蜚蠊种群、栖息生境和不同场所不同灭蟑方法灭效的调查研究,探讨铁路待等客运站的蜚蠊防制对策。方法：采用以环境防制防为主,加强监测、分类实施、重点防制等综合防制措施。结果：措施实施后２年各场所与实施前相比,斐蠊成、若虫密度分别降低７７．９９％－９０．２６％和７７．４８％－９８．２４％,卵鞘密度分别降低８５．００％－１００％和１００％;不同场所一次用药后３、７、１５、３０d蜚蠊成、若虫密度分别降低６６．６７％－８８．８９％、７４．１１％、－８８．００％、７０．００％－７９．０７％和７０．５９％－７５．７１％;重点部位蜚蠊成、若虫密度从实施前平均密度的２．３８－２．９３倍,分别降为１．１６－１．３０倍和０．３８－１．１８倍;而且减少了用药量,降低了灭蟑经费。结论：有效地控制了蜚蠊滋生繁殖,产生了一定的社会经济效益。     

蟑螂提取物抗肝损伤及抗病毒作用探讨

目的探讨蟑螂提取物抗急性肝损伤、抗HBV的作用。方法制备肝损伤动物模型,给予蟑螂提取物后分离血清,测定血清ALT和AST活性。麻鸭给药后分离血清,将血清加入体外培养的HBV-DNA克隆转染人肝癌细胞(HepG2),检测不同浓度药物对HepG2细胞分泌HBsAg、HBeAg的抑制作用。结果蟑螂提取物高、中、低3种剂量对肝损伤小鼠血清中AST和ALT活性升高均具有显著抑制作用。蟑螂提取物与拉米夫定抗HBsAg、HBeAg的指数均大于2。结论蟑螂提取物对急性肝损伤动物的肝功能有改善作用,并且能抑制HBsAg和HBeAg的复制。     

苏州市高档宾馆蟑螂侵害情况调查

目的 :调查苏州市高档宾馆、饭店蟑螂侵害情况 ,及时制定防制对策。方法 :厨房间采用 ZA型蟑螂粘捕盒粘捕法 ;标准客房采用目测法检查。结果 :苏州市高档宾馆、饭店厨房操作间蟑螂平均密度为 0 .5 4只 /盒·夜 ,蟑螂种类主要有德国小蠊、黑胸大蠊和美洲大蠊三种 ,其中德国小蠊为优势种群。标准客房受蟑螂侵害较轻。结论 :宾馆、饭店的厨房操作间极易受蟑螂的侵害 ,是城市蟑螂防制工作的重点场所     

Mapping extracellular excitability in an insect mechanoreceptor neuron

The cockroach tactile spine contains a single bipolar mechanosensory neuron. Extracellular stimulation of the neuron is possible by cutting the spine and lowering a microelectrode into the lumen, where the neuron is located, but neither the microelectrode nor the neuron can be visualized during stimulation. The threshold for electrical stimulation of the neuron was measured as a function of spatial position in the lumen. The spine was then fixed and serially sectioned for computer-aided reconstruction. Alignment of threshold measurements with reconstructions produced maps of excitability around the neuron. The lowest threshold was always close to the sensory dendrite or the adjacent soma. These results are discussed in terms of models of action potential initiation in this class of sensory neurons.