北京市平谷区65例布鲁氏菌病患者临床特征分析

目的　通过对北京市平谷区65例布鲁氏菌病患者流行病学调查,了解本区布鲁氏菌病疫情动态及患者临床特征,为疫情防控提供参考依据。方法　选取2015 年1月—2019年12月北京市平谷区医院收治的65例布鲁氏菌病患者作为研究对象,对发病时间、发病区域、年龄与性别构成、初步诊断、临床表现、病原学检查及诊治等情况进行统计与分析。结果　患者年龄主要集中在18～59岁,性别比为4.42∶1;以畜牧饲养者居多,约占64.62%,有明确动物或动物制品接触史63例,占96.92%,均为散发,无明显聚集性;全年中以4—6月发病率最高,占发病总数的53.85%;临床症状以发热（52例,80.00%）、乏力（34例,52.31%）、腰痛（26例,40.00%）为主;其中并发症发生率为47.69%,排名较高的前3位分别是脊柱炎、关节炎、腰椎病变。65例患者首诊确诊49例,误诊16例,误诊率为24.62%。病原学检查结果显示,试管凝集试验阳性35例,虎红平板凝集试验阳性30例。结论　布鲁氏菌病高发季节为4—6月,男性患病率明显高于女性,且从事畜牧业及相关产业人员为主要发病人群,以散发为主;布鲁氏菌病首诊误诊率较高,临床医师应提高对该传染病的关注,不断加强疫情防控。     

我国七省流动人口健康素养及其影响因素研究

目的 了解我国七省流动人口的健康素养情况及其影响因素,为开展有针对性的健康素养干预措施提供科学依据。方法 采用2016年全国流动人口卫生计生动态监测调查问卷数据,共纳入2 335名流动人口进行分析。t检验和SymbolcA@²检验用于组间比较。二元logistic回归模型用于分析流动人口健康素养的影响因素。结果 2016年七省流动人口总体健康素养水平为36.7％,其中健康生活方式与行为素养水平较低（36.5%）,传染病防治（33.0%）、基本医疗（27.8%）、慢性病防治素养（22.8%）水平较低。受教育程度更高（初中OR=1.625,P=0.001,高中OR=1.621,P=0.004,大专及以上OR=2.066,P<0.001）、流动次数较少（OR=0.919,P=0.049）、城市地区（OR=1.677,P<0.001）的流动人口健康素养水平更高。结论 流动人口健康素养水平有待提升。应针对受教育程度低、流动次数多的重点人群以及农村重点地区开展干预措施,加强传染病、慢性病防治等健康知识的宣传力度。     

苏州市流动人口吸烟行为及烟草危害认知现况调查

目的 了解苏州市流动人口吸烟行为及对烟草危害认知现况,为苏州市制定控烟措施提供科学依据。方法 在苏州市全域,采用PPS抽样方法共抽取1 800名流动人口进行调查。调查问卷采用《江苏省成人烟草流行调查》,采取面对面PAD调查。应用SPSS 22.0软件进行数据分析。结果 2019年苏州市流动人口现在吸烟率为23.07%,每日吸烟率为19.44%,日平均吸烟量为（11.71±9.41）支。其中男性现在吸烟率为40.00%,每日吸烟率不同分组中农民最高（χ2 = 13.624, P = 0.003）,跨省流动高于省内流动（χ2 = 9.448, P = 0.002）,集中居住人群均高于其余人群（χ2 = 22.814, P＜0.001）,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。戒烟率为24.23%,戒烟意愿比较低。对吸烟引起的中风、心脏病和阳痿的知晓率分别为68.09%,66.45%和49.18%。对二手烟引起的成人心脏疾病、儿童肺部疾病和成人肺癌的知晓率分别为74.82%,90.81%,90.46%。仅有17.86%的人群正确认识低焦油卷烟危害。结论 苏州市流动人口吸烟率较高,戒烟意愿比较低,对吸烟危害认知不足,需针对男性、中老年及集中居住等重点人群采取控烟宣传干预措施。     

藏汉不同骨密度人群肠道菌群及粪便短链脂肪酸差异研究

目的 比对研究四川红原藏族与成都汉族不同骨密度人群肠道菌群及粪便短链脂肪酸差异,为通过调节肠道菌群预防不同人群骨质疏松积累资料。方法 选取红原藏族与成都汉族居民,测定其足跟骨骨密度,收集粪便与人口学信息,以藏族低骨密度个体为基础,依据年龄、性别、民族、是否服用抗生素四个维度进行倾向性评分获得研究人群,并按骨密度水平分组,测定粪便16S rRNA序列及短链脂肪酸的浓度与构成比,对比分析各组的差异。结果 红原藏族肠道菌群的物种丰度高于成都汉族。与汉族人群相比,藏族人群拟杆菌门相对丰度较高,变形菌门相对丰度较低（拟杆菌门:z = - 4.156,P＜0.001;z = - 3.226,P = 0.001;z = - 2.990,P = 0.002;变形菌门:z = - 4.409,P＜0.001;z = - 3.287,P = 0.001;z = - 2.392,P = 0.016）。柯林斯菌属是藏族中骨密度组优势菌属,瘤胃球菌属2和乳球菌属分别是汉族中、高骨密度组优势菌属。两组人群粪便短链脂肪酸比较,藏族三组骨密度人群乙酸、异戊酸浓度均低于汉族人群（乙酸:t = - 3.119,P = 0.003;t = - 3.056,P = 0.003;t = - 5.104,P＜0.001;异戊酸:z = - 3.822,P＜0.001;z = - 3.497,P＜0.001;z = - 2.158,P = 0.031）,但高、中骨密度组异丁酸、异戊酸、戊酸和己酸构成比高于汉族人群（异丁酸:z = - 3.693,P＜0.001;z = - 3.388,P = 0.001;异戊酸:z = - 3.748,P＜0.001;z = - 3.844,P＜0.001;戊酸:z = - 3.778,P＜0.001;z = - 3.966,P＜0.001;己酸:z = - 2.535,P = 0.011;z = - 3.570,P＜0.001） 结论 红原藏族和成都汉族不同骨密度组的肠道菌群及粪便短链脂肪酸含量和构成比不同,其与骨密度的关系值得进一步探讨。     

流动人口职业病防治教育现状及影响因素分析

目的 了解流动人口职业病防治教育现状及影响因素。方法 运用SPSS 25.0软件对2017年全国流动人口卫生计生动态监测中的154586名流动人口的相关数据进行分析,主要分析方法有统计描述、χ2检验和二元logistic回归等。结果 154586名流动人口中,51578人接受过职业病防治教育,接受率为33.4%。二元logistic回归分析表明,男性（OR=1.165,95%CI:1.137~1.193）、30～44岁（OR=1.169,95%CI:1.088~1.256）、文化程度高中或中专（OR=1.278,95%CI:1.227~1.330）、在婚（OR=1.172,95%CI:1.134~1.211）、流动原因为经济性质（OR=1.283,95%CI:1.115~1.475）、流入西部地区（OR=1.749,95%CI:1.700~1.799）、有稳定工作（OR=1.071,95%CI:1.016~1.128）、机关或国企或股份联营企业（OR=1.765,95%CI:1.666~1.870）、自评状况为健康（OR=1.479,95%CI:1.363~1.606）的流动人口职业病防治教育接受率较高;未签订劳动合同（OR=0.684,95%CI:0.661~0.708）、未听过“国家基本公共卫生服务项目”（OR=0.231,95%CI:0.225~0.237）的流动人口职业病防治教育接受率较低。结论 流动人口职业病防治教育接受率较低,需加强流动人群职业病防治教育的宣传力度,提高职业病防治教育的覆盖面。     

不同年龄组正常人群影响最大胸椎后凸角的相关因素分析

目的：本研究通过对不同年龄组正常人群矢状位参数进行分析,旨在报道正常人群脊柱骨盆参数参考值范围,并探索不同年龄段引起最大胸椎后凸角改变的影响因素。 方法：本研究纳入自2015年1月至2018年月于两所医院健康体检中心的正常人群,收集人口统计学参数以及矢状位影像学参数。通过将人群分为≤40岁组与＞40岁组,对比分析不同年龄组人群的矢状位参数,并对不同年龄组影响最大胸椎后凸角max TK的因素进行相关性分析。结果：本研究共计纳入191例正常人群,其中≤40岁组94人,平均年龄为28.5±6.4岁;＞40岁组97人,平均年龄为53.9±8.3岁。不同年龄组人群在胸1椎体矢状位倾斜角T1 Tilt（18.6±6.5 vs. 20.6±5.5, P=0.023）, 胸椎后凸下端椎倾斜角TVA（15.3±5.3 vs. 17.5±6.6, P=0.013）,max TK（33.9±8.3 vs. 38.0±9.4, P<0.001）,max LL- max TK（14.9±8.9 vs. 12.3±9.4, P=0.048）及矢状面躯干偏移SVA（-2.5±21.8 vs. 6.1±20.9, P=0.006）上存在显著差异。在年龄≤40岁的人群中,T1 Tilt、TVA、max LL及骶骨倾斜角SS与max TK显著相关,而在年龄＞40岁的人群中,年龄、T1 Tilt、TVA、max LL及骨盆入射角PI与max TK显著相关。结论：max TK随着年龄增长呈现上下均匀增长趋势,在＞40岁的人群中,max TK与年龄呈现正相关关系。此外,不同年龄阶段,骨盆对于max TK改变的代偿呈现出不同的模式。     

Changes in circulating blood volume following isoflurane or sevoflurane anesthesia

Changes of circulating blood volume (CB volume) measured by the dual indicator dilution method were observed in 33 chronically instrumented mongrel dogs following either alpha-chloralose-urethane (C group), additive isoflurane (I group) or sevoflurane anesthesia (S group). These anesthetic groups were each divided into two subgroups with regard to respiratory care, namely Cp, Ip and Sp for those with intermittent positive pressure ventilation (six animals per subgroups), and Cs, Is and Ss for those with spontaneous breathing (five animals per subgroups).The CB volume under positive pressure ventilation remained unchanged in the Ip and Sp groups at both 0.5 and 1.0 MAC, and in the Cp group. The CB volume remained essentially unchanged in the Cs and Is groups at both 0.5 or 1.0 MAC, but the plasma volume tended to increase slightly in the Is group at 1.0 MAC.In the Ss group under spontaneous breathing, however, the CB volume increased from 84.4 ± 7.0 to 91.4 ± 7.7 at 0.5 MAC, and to 91.4 ± 10.2ml·kg^–1 at 1.0 MAC (0.01 P 0.05). These increases were caused by an increase in the plasma volume.The above data suggests that a concomitant increase in the venous pressure associated with an increase in the intrathoracic pressure produced by positive pressure ventilation would attenuate changes in the CB volume during sevoflurane anesthesia.(Hamada H, Takaori M, Kimura K, et al.: Changes in circulating Blood volume following isoflurane or sevoflurane anesthesia. J Anesth 7: 316–324, 1993)     

Blood styrene concentrations in a “normal” population and in exposed workers 16 hours after the end of the workshift

Summary Blood styrene was measured by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method in 81 normal people and in 76 workers exposed to styrene. In the normal subjects, styrene was also tested in alveolar and environmental air. Styrene was found in nearly all (95%) blood samples. Average styrene levels in the normal subjects were 221 ng/1 in blood (Cb), 3 ng/1 in alveolar air (Ca) and 6 ng/1 in environmental air (Ci). Styrene levels did not differ significantly between smokers and non-smokers, 95% of values being below 512 ng/1 in Cb, 7 ng/1 in Ca and 15 ng/l in Ci. In workers with an average exposure to styrene of 204 g/l, at the end of the workshift, mean blood styrene concentration was 1211 g/l. In blood samples collected at the end of the Thursday shift, styrene levels were significantly higher (1590 g/1) than those found at the end of the Monday shift (1068 g/l. A similar difference was found in samples taken the morning after exposure (60 and 119 g/l, respectively). Significant correlations between blood and environmental styrene were found both at the end of the shift and the morning after exposure (r=0.61 and 0.41, respectively). In workers occupationally exposed to styrene, 16 h after the end of the workshift, blood styrene (94 g/l) was significantly higher than that found in the normal subjects (0.22 g/l). The half-life of blood styrene was 3.9 h.     

Reduction in cadmium in blood and dietary intake among general populations in Japan

Blood samples and 24-h duplicates of food were collected in the years around 1980 and then in 1990's from inhabitants of nonpolluted regions in Japan. The 1990 study is still in progress with 286 blood samples and 125 food duplicates already collected from 7 regions. A preliminary analysis is made in the present study with the data obtained from the 7 study regions where the survey was conducted in 1980 and then in 1990, to examine possible changes in dietary cadmium intake (Cd-D) and consequently cadmium levels in blood (Cd-B) during this 10 year period. The food duplicate analysis showed that Cd-D in 1980 was 47.1 g/day (1.74):65 [GM (GSD):N] for men and 27.7 g/day (1.75):65 for women. The counterpart values in 1990 were 29.5 g/day (1.66):40 for men and 23.8 g/day (1.73):85 for women; the difference between the two values for the same sex is significant (P<0.05) both=" in=" men=" and=" in=" women,=" suggesting=" that=" there=" occurred=" about=" 37%=" and=" 14%=" reduction=" in=" dietary=" cadmium=" intake=" during=" this=" 10=" year=" period=" in=" men=" and=" in=" women,=" respectively.=" comparison=" in=" cd-b=" showed=" that=" cd-b=" for=" men=" and=" women=" in=" 1990=" were=" 1.79=">g/l (2.01):121 and 1.84 g/l; (1.67):165, respectively, whereas the counterpart values in 1980 were 3.84 g/l (1.64):123 and 3.57 g/l (1.42):141, respectively, indicating significant (P<0.01) reduction=" in=" cd-b=" in=" both=" sexes=" in=" parallel=" to=" the=" reduction=" in=" cd-d.=" the=" role=" of=" rice=" as=" a=" major=" source=" of=" cadmium=" among=" japanese=" population=" together=" with=" recent=" reduction=" in=" the=" importance=" is=" discussed;=" cd=" in=" rice=" accounted=" for=" 72%=" in=" late=" 1970's,=" whereas=" it=" is=" about=" 35%=" in=" the=" present=">     

自然界中华按蚊种群研究工具及其在生命表制作中的应用

目的：为了能在自然界大型水体和旷野中对中华按蚊种群进行研究。方法：研制出适合于稻田浅水定量研究的实验简,适合于深水的实验网和接近自然状态的大实验笼。应用这些工具进行了自然界中华按蚊种群生命表的研究。结果：利用系列研究工具定量研究出1988年第8代中华按蚊自然种群生命表。求出各发育历期的死亡数和死亡因素,死亡率,存活率和死亡因素k值,分析出各发育阶段的关键死亡因素,计算下代预计产卵量为8288粒,种群趋势指数I为6．3027。结论：系列研究工具使中华按蚊自然种群的定量研究成为可能。郑州中华按蚊第9代种群数量还趋于增加之中。