后路经椎间隙截骨的临床分型及应用

【摘要】 目的：介绍脊柱后路经椎间隙截骨术（trans-intervertebral space osteotomy,TIO）的技术理念、临床分型和应用策略。方法：根据TIO技术特点、手术操作过程中截骨切除范围所涉及的解剖结构,将其分为3大类型及2种扩大（+）型：围绕椎间盘及关节突关节为Ⅰ型,扩大至楔形切除椎间隙一侧终板为Ⅱ型（头尾双侧终板则为Ⅱ+型）。扩大至楔形切除椎间隙一侧椎弓根为Ⅲ型（双侧椎弓根则为Ⅲ+型）;收集2003年1月~2012年12月接受后路经椎间隙截骨术治疗的30例胸腰椎侧后凸畸形患者的临床资料,其中男12例,女18例,年龄29~69岁（51.4±10.4岁）。由5位脊柱外科医师先后对患者的临床资料进行独立评估与分型（间隔2周）,进行Kappa一致性检验以分析其可信度及可重复性。结果：30例患者中行Ⅰ型TIO 15例,Ⅱ型TIO 6例,Ⅱ+型TIO 3例,Ⅲ型TIO 4例,Ⅲ+型TIO 2例。观察者间一致性的Kappa系数0.806~0.953;观察者内一致性的Kappa系数为0.837~0.953,可信度及可重复性满意。结论：经椎间隙截骨临床分型实用可靠,可作为理论基础用于比较不同研究中经椎间隙截骨技术的手术效果,有利于指导脊柱侧后凸畸形的截骨矫形治疗。     

Adult congenital heart disease

Continued advances in the understanding and management of congenital heart disease (CHD) mean that over 90% of children born with CHD now survive to adulthood. This in turn results in greater numbers of adult patients presenting for medical and surgical care at non-specialist centres. A simple classification of adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) according to complexity can help clinicians to understand the implications of the specific cardiac anomaly encountered. Issues relating to the conduct of anaesthesia in ACHD patient include careful attention to euvolaemia, the preservation of sinus rhythm and cardiac output, and in complex patients, manipulating the balance between systemic and pulmonary blood flows. Additionally, effective antibiotic prophylaxis and the prevention of either excessive bleeding or thromboembolism are vitally important. It should not be forgotten that although many patients with simple or repaired cardiac lesions may be very well managed in a non-specialist unit, those with Eisenmenger’s syndrome or severe pulmonary hypertension have an extremely high risk of death in the perioperative period, and in all but life-threatening situations should always be managed within specialist centres.