碘对比剂在CT检查中的应用

我院自 1994年使用CT检查以来 ,需增强检查者的比例越来越高。增强检查确实提供了CT平扫不可替代的诊断信息 ,但是碘对比剂的副作用却令人担忧 ,因此 ,CT室的护理人员应认真做好对患者的筛选、敏试工作 ,严格掌握禁忌证 ,加强对副反应的预防性措施及意外抢救工作 ,合理使用对比剂 ,现将我院应用碘对比剂的方法介绍如下。1　严格掌握禁忌证严重的甲状腺功能亢进、失代偿性心肌功能不全者禁忌。妊娠及急性盆腔炎症时禁行子宫输卵管造影。2　认真筛选高危因素有碘造影剂过敏、严重肝肾功能损害、心脏和循环功能不全、肺气肿、体质极差者 ,重…     

Interobserver Agreement for the Diagnosis of Venous Thromboembolism on Computed Tomography Chest Angiography and Indirect Venography of the Lower Extremities in Emergency Department Patients

Objectives: To determine interobserver agreement between radiologists for computed tomography (CT) angiography and venography. CT venography of the lower extremities combined with standard CT angiography of the chest may result in an increased overall diagnosis rate of venous thromboembolism (pulmonary embolism or deep venous thrombosis).
Methods: The study had a retrospective cohort design. The population consisted of emergency department patients who were evaluated for suspected pulmonary embolism. A random sample of 50 patients diagnosed and treated for venous thromboembolism and 50 age- and gender-matched patients whose CT angiograms and venograms were read as negative were enrolled. The original reading (R1) was compared with readings of two study radiologists: R2, a general radiologist, and R3, a radiologist with fellowship training in cross-sectional imaging. All readers were blinded to each other.
Results: Both R2 and R3 found both CT angiogram and venogram components technically adequate in 95% (95% CI = 89% to 98%) and 86% (95% CI = 78% to 92%) of studies, respectively. The agreement was very good for CT angiography (lowest agreement = 92%; lowest κ = 0.83) and was good for CT venography (85%, κ = 0.65). In nine cases, R1 read the CT angiogram as negative but the venogram as positive for DVT, whereas both R2 and R3 read both components as negative in four of these nine, suggesting a false-positive isolated DVT rate of 44% (95% CI = 19% to 73%). In no case did R1 read both scan components as negative when R2 and R3 agreed on presence of pulmonary embolism or DVT.
Conclusions: Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism on CT angiography is more reliable than diagnosis of isolated DVT on CT venography.     

螺旋CT在肺动脉栓塞诊断中的价值

目的:评价螺旋CT在诊断肺动脉栓塞中的作用。方法:16例肺动脉栓塞患者行螺旋CT肺动脉造影 (SCTA)检查,层厚3mm,扫描时间0.8s,对比剂注射速度3.5ml/s,总量100ml,扫描延迟时间15s。结果:16例 共644支,其中134支肺动脉及分支显示了栓塞,占20.8%。228支肺段肺动脉中,有56支显示肺动脉栓塞,占分 析肺动脉支的24.5%。204支亚段肺动脉中37支显示肺动脉栓塞,占分析肺动脉支15.4%。肺动脉栓塞的CT形 态:①直接征象为不同程度的肺动脉分支内充盈缺损。中心型充盈缺损17支,偏心型充盈缺损44支,附壁血栓型 34支,完全阻塞型39支。②间接征象胸膜下肺梗死灶,内乳动脉一侧增粗,肺纹理稀少,胸水,肺动脉高压。结论: 螺旋CT肺动脉造影是诊断肺动脉栓塞的快速、有效、无创伤的诊断方法。     

胸壁病变的CT与X线诊断

目的:探讨CT、X线诊断胸壁病变的价值。材料和方法:回顾性分析53例胸壁病变的CT和X线表现,并评估其诊断价值。结果:53例中,CT确诊52例,X线平片确诊41例。正常7例,炎性和脓肿3例、骨折6例、胸膜病变12例(粘连4例、胸膜增厚3例、胸膜钙化3例、结核瘤2例)、良性肿瘤9例(脂肪瘤3例、神经纤维瘤3例、嗜酸性肉芽肿2例、间皮瘤1例)、恶性肿瘤16例(转移瘤13例、骨髓瘤3例)。结论:CT正确诊断率(98%)明显高于X线(77%),可以明确诊断胸壁病变,能发现X线平片不能发现的征象,具有较高的诊断价值。     

颅内黑色素瘤3例

1病例介绍例1男性患者,35岁,因为头痛1月、加重伴左侧肢体活动受限5天入院。体格检查:左上肢肌力Ⅳ级、左下肢肌力Ⅲ级,强握反射阳性,有震颤。CT检查:右侧颞顶部高密度病灶约5.3 cm×4.2 cm,边缘光滑规则,占位效应明显;该病灶内还有一个边界清楚的高密度影,明显强化,诊断为脑膜     

CT引导下微创清除术治疗高血压脑出血的疗效观察

目的 :探讨CT引导下微创清除术治疗急性高血压脑出血的疗效。方法 :对 38例急性高血压脑出血患者微创清除术前后行CT扫描 ,在CT引导下行微创清除术 ,并动态观察其疗效。结果 :38例急性高血压脑出血患者首次血肿清除率达 2 8.0 %～ 4 0 .0 %,其中 1 2例首次清除率为 4 0 .0 %～ 5 6 .0 %。存活 32例 7d后复查头颅CT证实者血肿清除率达 80 %以上。治愈有效率为 84 .2 %,死亡率为 1 5 .8%。结论 :CT引导下的微创清除术能有效地降低急性高血压脑出血的死亡率和致残率。     

多排螺旋CT三维成像诊断颌面部骨折

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT三维成像诊断颌面部骨折的价值.方法:对32例颌面部骨折患者用多层螺旋CT薄层扫描,分别用多平面重建(MPR)法,表面阴影遮盖(SSD)法和容积渲染成像(VR)法进行三维成像,观察3种方法对颌面部骨折的显示情况.结果:32例颌面部骨折患者,MPR法能清晰显示全部骨折及周围软组织损害情况,但图像缺乏立体感;SSD法图像立体感强,但对细小骨折显示欠佳;VR法对所有骨折能清晰显示,特别是对细小骨折及无移位的骨折显示明显优于SSD法,但其对复杂解剖结构的立体显示则不及SSD.结论:多层螺旋CT三维成像对颌面部骨折的诊断具有重要价值,MPR法、SSD法和VR法显示病变各有优劣,在实际应用中,最好三者结合使用.     

CT导向下医疗用臭氧治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的观察CT导向下医用臭氧治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效。方法30例腰椎间盘突出症患者,术前均经CT或MRI检查证实。在CT导向下行臭氧消融治疗。盘内注入浓度为60μg/ml臭氧10-20 ml,退针出纤维环至椎间孔附近,注入浓度为40μg/ml臭氧5 ml。结果随访时间1-6个月,显效7例,有效18例,无效5例,总有效率为80.3%,未发生任何明显并发症。结论CT导向下医用臭氧局部注射是治疗腰椎间盘突出症的一种有效方法。     

多层螺旋CT血管造影诊断髂及下肢动脉闭塞性病变的价值

目的:评价多层螺旋CT诊断髂及下肢血管闭塞性病变的价值。材料和方法:185例怀疑髂总动脉及下肢动脉闭塞性病变的患者行16层螺旋CT血管造影检查。其中大动脉炎6例,外伤4例和动脉粥样硬化175例。采用16层螺旋CT,层厚1.25mm,重建间隔1mm。100mL非离子造影剂(300mgI/mL)以4mL/s的速度经手背静脉或肘静脉注入,注射开始后25~30S进行扫描。在工作站获得多平面重建(MPR)、曲面重建(CPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)和容积重建(VR)图像,并应用血管分析软件测量血管狭窄程度。结果:128例CTA可显示髂及下肢动脉狭窄/闭塞。有7例患者行血管内支架治疗;26例行人工血管架桥或大隐静脉植入手术,31例患者同时进行了MSCTA和DSA检查。MSCTA对腘动脉以上和腘动脉以下狭窄和闭塞显示与DSA一致性好。结论:多层面螺旋CT是下肢血管病变的术前评价和术后复查非常有用的影像手段,可以替代有创的诊断性血管造影检查。