Visual P3a in male alcoholics and controls

The goal of this study was to assess the P3a component of event-related potentials in a population of abstinent, chronic alcoholics. A three-stimulus visual oddball paradigm was used to elicit robust P3a components in a large group of well-characterized male alcoholics (n = 44) and controls (n = 28). The task required subjects to make a difficult perceptual discrimination between randomly presented, frequently occurring vertical lines (.80) and infrequent target lines that were tilted 2 degrees to the right of vertical (.10) by only responding with a button press to the target stimuli. A nontarget infrequent horizontal line occurred (.10) randomly to which no response was made. The target stimulus elicited robust late P3b components with a parietal maximum amplitude, and the nontarget stimulus elicited reliable P3a components with a fronto-central maximum amplitude distribution. Group differences in P3a were assessed using repeated measures ANCOVA analyses in five scalp regions. Alcoholic subjects produced smaller P3a amplitudes over the central, parietal, temporal, and occipital areas compared with controls. Current source density analyses supported these findings with extension of the differences between the groups to the frontal region. The results suggest that the P3a may be important in the evaluation of alcoholism and its heritability. Theoretical implications are discussed.     

Auditory event-related potentials and alpha oscillations in the psychosis prodrome: Neuronal generator patterns during a novelty oddball task

Prior research suggests that event-related potentials (ERP) obtained during active and passive auditory paradigms, which have demonstrated abnormal neurocognitive function in schizophrenia, may provide helpful tools in predicting transition to psychosis. In addition to ERP measures, reduced modulations of EEG alpha, reflecting top-down control required to inhibit irrelevant information, have revealed attentional deficits in schizophrenia and its prodromal stage. Employing a three-stimulus novelty oddball task, nose-referenced 48-channel ERPs were recorded from 22 clinical high-risk (CHR) patients and 20 healthy controls detecting target tones (12% probability, 500 Hz; button press) among nontargets (76%, 350 Hz) and novel sounds (12%). After current source density (CSD) transformation of EEG epochs (− 200 to 1000 ms), event-related spectral perturbations were obtained for each site up to 30 Hz and 800 ms after stimulus onset, and simplified by unrestricted time–frequency (TF) principal components analysis (PCA). Alpha event-related desynchronization (ERD) as measured by TF factor 610–9 (spectral peak latency at 610 ms and 9 Hz; 31.9% variance) was prominent over right posterior regions for targets, and markedly reduced in CHR patients compared to controls, particularly in three patients who later developed psychosis. In contrast, low-frequency event-related synchronization (ERS) distinctly linked to novels (260–1; 16.0%; mid-frontal) and N1 sink across conditions (130–1; 3.4%; centro-temporoparietal) did not differ between groups. Analogous time-domain CSD-ERP measures (temporal PCA), consisting of N1 sink, novelty mismatch negativity (MMN), novelty vertex source, novelty P3, P3b, and frontal response negativity, were robust and closely comparable between groups. Novelty MMN at FCz was, however, absent in the three converters. In agreement with prior findings, alpha ERD and MMN may hold particular promise for predicting transition to psychosis among CHR patients.     

剖宫产切口缺损(CSD)与再次妊娠结局

目的 研究剖宫产切口缺损（cesarean scar defect,CSD）对再次妊娠的影响。方法 回顾分析复旦大学附属妇产科医院2013年1月至2018年12月有CSD的瘢痕子宫产妇56例（CSD组）以及同时期无CSD的瘢痕子宫产妇253例（NCSD组）的临床资料及新生儿资料,分析CSD对于再次妊娠的影响。结果 CSD组与NCSD组相比较,早产、胎盘粘连或植入、产后出血、先兆子宫破裂或子宫破裂、新生儿apgar评分等妊娠结局差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）,CSD组体外受精-胚胎移植（in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer,IVF-ET）辅助妊娠者、经期延长者、再次剖宫产术中子宫下段异常者比例高,新生儿体重低（P<0.05）,回归分析发现CSD与IVF-ET辅助妊娠不相关。CSD组中有21例孕前或孕早期有测量CSD大小资料,其中有经期延长症状者缺损深度更小（P=0.01）,回归分析显示缺损深度与经期延长不相关（P>0.05）。CSD组子宫下段异常者与正常者相比较,两者CSD各径大小及底距浆膜层距离差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 CSD更易引起经期延长症状,但与缺损深度无关。CSD使再次妊娠剖宫产术中子宫下段异常的发生率增加,但未对再次妊娠结局产生明显不良影响。     

剖宫产切口瘢痕缺损手术方式选择

剖宫产切口瘢痕缺损（cesarean scar defect,CSD）目前尚无国际统一的定义和治疗方法。对于药物保守治疗无效、症状严重又有生育要求的CSD患者,如有手术意愿可选择手术治疗。手术主要有经阴道、宫腔镜、腹腔镜及宫腹腔镜联合4种方式。几种术式各有优缺点,术者应根据患者临床症状、瘢痕缺损的大小和位置、所在医院手术条件及自身的手术技能制定个体化治疗方案。     

Effect of α-bungarotoxin on retinotectal synaptic transmission in the goldfish and the toad

Alpha-bungarotoxin has been used extensively to characterize the acetylcholine receptor at the myoneural junction and in the electric organ, where it irreversibly blocks the response to acetylcholine. α-Bungarotoxin has also been employed in numerous biochemical studies of presumed acetylcholine receptors in the brain, although physiological studies demonstrating its effectiveness in blocking the response to acetylcholine are lacking, and α-bungarotoxin is ineffective in blocking the response to acetylcholine in sympathetic ganglia neurons. In-this study α-bungarotoxin was applied to the optic tectum of the goldfish and of the marine toad in dilute concentration (10^?7m) either directly to the pial surface, or to the tectal neuropil by a micropipette. The latter method of application resulted in the rapid irreversible abolition of excitatory postsynaptic potentials generated in dendrites of tectal neurons by optic nerve activation, as shown by analysis of the laminar current source density. Responses to nonretinal (thalamic) inputs were unaffected, indicating specificity of action. Topical application of α-bungarotoxin was ineffective in the goldfish, and of considerably reduced effectiveness in the toad, due to a substantial diffusion barrier posed by the pia-arachnoid. A mathematical method based on the solution of the differential equation describing simultaneous diffusion and chemical reaction was developed to determine both the diffusion coefficient and the association rate constant for α-bungarotoxin from physiological measurements. We estimate the diffusion coefficient and the Stokes radius of α-bungarotoxin to be approx1.7 × 10^?6 cm²/s and 12A?respectively, and the association rate constant to be 5.1 × 10⁴m^?1s^?1, in reasonable agreement with values obtained by biochemical methods.Possible reasons for the differences in effectiveness of α-bungarotoxin in blocking the response to acetylcholine at different synapses are discussed in terms of possible differences in subunit composition of the oligomer complex of the acetylcholine receptor and in its dissociation kinetics.     

中西医结合护理溃疡性结肠炎49例

目的:观察中西医结合护理溃疡性结肠炎的临床疗效。方法:选取本院2012年1月—2014年1月的溃疡性结肠炎患者98例,随机分为对照组与研究组各49例。对照组给予肠舒汤结合柳氮磺吡啶治疗,研究组在对照组治疗的基础上联合护理干预,观察两组患者临床疗效。结果:研究组的肠胃与心理情况均明显优于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:中西医结合护理溃疡性结肠炎疗效显著。     

Reference-independent ERP old/new effects of auditory and visual word recognition memory: Joint extraction of stimulus- and response-locked neuronal generator patterns

To clarify polarity, topography, and time course of recognition memory ERP old/new effects during matched visual and auditory continuous word recognition tasks, unrestricted temporal PCA jointly analyzed stimulus- and response-locked, reference-free current source densities (31-channel, N=40). Randomization tests provided unbiased statistics for complete factor topographies. Old/new left parietal source effects were complemented by lateral frontocentral sink effects in both modalities, overlapping modality-specific P3 sources 160 ms preresponse. A mid-frontal sink 45 ms postresponse terminated the frontoparietal generator pattern, showed old/new effects consistent with bilateral activation of anterior cingulate and SMA, and preceded similar activity extending posteriorly along the longitudinal fissure. These methods separated old/new stimulus source (preresponse) and response sink (postresponse) effects from motor and modality-specific ERPs.     

美国匹兹堡大学交流沟通科学与障碍系（CSD）培养项目介绍

本文介绍了美国匹兹堡大学健康康复科学学院（School of Health and Regabilitation Science,SHRS）交流沟通科学与障碍系（Communication Scienceand Disorders,CSD）的学生培养项目,包括本科生、硕士及博士培养的教学模式、教学内容、考核方法及培养目标等内容,同时比较了美国其他院校相关专业与匹兹堡大学CSD在教学上的异同,旨在为我国建立系统化、专业化和规范化的交流障碍疾病的康复教育提供参考和借鉴。     

腹腔镜下剖宫产瘢痕憩室修补术后妊娠的产科结局——病例报道并文献复习

目的探讨腹腔镜下剖宫产瘢痕憩室修补术在有生育要求患者中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2016年1月北京大学第一医院妇产科收治的1例剖宫产瘢痕憩室患者行腹腔镜下憩室修补术后再次妊娠、分娩的资料,并复习相关文献。结果患者6年前疑诊胎盘早剥于我院行首次剖宫产,术程顺利,术后恢复好,月经正常,无下腹痛。3年前计划生育二孩,阴道超声检查发现剖宫产瘢痕憩室,宽约3.9 mm,要求手术修补而行宫腔镜检查术+腹腔镜下剖宫产瘢痕憩室修补术。术后1年如愿妊娠,孕期尚平顺。2016年1月再次行子宫下段剖宫产分娩,母子体健。结论腹腔镜下修补术在剖宫产瘢痕憩室治疗中有较好的临床价值,但能否降低不良妊娠结局风险仍有待进一步研究,患者孕期需严密监测,发现异常及早处理。     

A generalised framework for super-resolution track-weighted imaging

Track-density imaging (TDI) was recently introduced as a method to achieve super-resolution imaging using whole-brain fibre-tracking data (the so called tractogram). A similar approach to achieve super-resolution was later applied for average pathlength mapping (APM). These two methods have in common that the tractogram information is used to create an image with novel contrast and super-resolution properties. In this study, we present a generalised framework for creating super-resolution track-weighted imaging (TWI), where the intensity of the map can be made dependent on any specific property of the streamlines or their set of spatial coordinates. Furthermore, each contrast can be determined by a number of characteristics that are under user control. It is shown that TDI and APM represent specific cases of this generalised framework, and that this framework opens up the possibility of generating a large range of images with novel image contrasts. Finally, it is shown that the same super-resolution principles as those introduced in the original TDI method are also applicable to any of these new images.