2073株烧伤患者创面分泌物病原菌种类分布及耐药性分析

目的 对昆明医科大学第二附属医院烧伤患者创面分泌物病原菌种类分布及耐药性进行分析,为本院烧伤患者临床合理使用抗菌药物提供参考。方法 采用回顾性分析方法选取2014年7月1日-2017年7月1日昆明医科大学第二附属医院烧伤科感染患者创面分泌物,按照全国临床检验操作规程对标本进行细菌的培养、分离鉴定,根据抗菌药物敏感性试验执行标准(CLSI 2014-2017版)进行耐药性分析。结果 烧伤感染患者中共检出2073株细菌,革兰阳性菌共检出876株,其中金黄色葡萄球菌430株(49.1%)、表皮葡萄球菌196株(22.4%)、粪肠球菌75株(8.6%);革兰阴性菌共检出1197株,其中铜绿假单胞菌482株(40.3%)、大肠埃希菌164株(13.7%)、鲍曼不动杆菌128株(10.7%)。革兰阳性菌中金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素G、四环素耐药性较高,分别为97.2%和72.3%,未发现利奈唑胺、万古霉素耐药菌株;革兰阴性菌中铜绿假单胞菌对氨苄西林、头孢曲松耐药率高达100%。用SPSSS 17.0软件对铜绿假单胞菌和大肠埃希菌的耐药性比较分析,结果显示对哌拉西林/三唑巴坦、头孢噻肟、头孢吡肟、亚胺培南、庆大霉素、环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、复方磺胺甲噁唑的耐药率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3组不同年龄对氨苄西林、阿莫西林/克拉维酸、头孢曲松、头孢噻肟、复方磺胺甲噁唑的耐药率均在90%以上,对于哌拉西林/三唑巴坦,老年组耐药性更高,对头孢吡肟、庆大霉素,老年组耐药性更低。结论 烧伤创面感染细菌以铜绿假单胞菌和金黄色葡萄球菌为主,多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌引起的感染应加以重视,碳青霉烯类仍是革兰阴性菌感染治疗的首选药物,未发现对利奈唑胺、万古霉素耐药的金黄色葡萄球菌。     

康复新液对儿童烧烫伤创面修复效果观察

烧烫伤是由热油、开水、蒸汽、电流、强酸强碱等高温物质或产生高温物质直接损伤机体皮肤肌肉组织[1-2]。儿童皮肤娇嫩,在同样条件下,儿童烧伤损伤情况比成人更为严重,更容易发生水疱、引起疼痛出血,并且儿童抗感染能力较弱,烫伤后,创面感染风险增加[3-4]。目前临床治疗烫烧伤以抗感染、止痛、促进皮肤再生在为主[5]。烧烫伤属中医“水火烫伤”“火烧疮”等范畴,多因强热侵害人体,致皮肉腐烂,重者伤津耗液,致气阴两伤。因此,中医治疗主张以养阴生肌为主要原则。     

Clinical outcomes in ‘diabese’ burn patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to update the current status of clinical outcomes in diabetic (type II) and obese (BMI: 30–39.9 kg/m²) burn patients.MethodsWe adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. We searched MEDLINE (PubMed), Google Scholar, Scopus, and Embase for studies related to a number of comorbidities and burn outcomes. Search terms for each of these databases are listed in the Appendix. From this search, we screened 6923 articles. Through our selection criteria, 12 articles focusing on either diabetes or obesity were selected for systematic review and meta-analysis. Data was analyzed using the “meta” package in R software to produce pooled odds ratios from the random effect model.ResultsDiabetic patients had 2.38 times higher odds of mortality [OR: 2.38, 95% CI:1.66, 3.41], however no statistically significant difference was found in mortality in obese patients [OR: 2.49, 95% CI: 0.36, 17.19]. Obese patients had 2.18 times higher odds of inhalation injury [95%CI: 1.23, 3.88], whereas diabetic patients did not show a difference in odds of inhalation injury [OR:1.02, 95% CI: 0.57, 1.81]. Diabetic patients had higher odds of complications resulting from infection: 5.47 times higher odds of wound, skin, or soft tissue infections [95% CI:1.97, 15.18]; 2.28 times higher odds of UTI or CAUTI [95% CI:1.50, 3.46]; and 1.78 times higher odds of pneumonia or respiratory tract infections [95% CI:1.15, 2.77]. Obese patients also had similar complications related to infection: 2.15 times higher odds of wound infection [95% CI: 1.04, 4.42] and 1.96 times higher odds of pneumonia [95% CI: 1.08, 3.56]. Other notable complications in diabetic patients were higher odds of amputation [OR: 37, 95% CI: 1.76, 779.34], respiratory failure [OR: 4.39, 95% CI: 1.85, 10.42], heart failure [OR: 6.22, 95% CI: 1.93, 20.06], and renal failure [OR: 2.95, 95% CI: 1.1, 7.86].ConclusionsDiabetic patients have higher odds of mortality, whereas no statistically significant difference of mortality was found in obese patients. Obese patients had higher odds of inhalation injury, whereas odds of inhalation injury was unchanged in diabetic patients. Diabetic patients had higher odds of failure in multiple organs, whereas such failure in obese patients was not reported. Both diabetic and obese patients had multiple complications related to infection.     

Delirium in hospitalised adults with acute burns – A systematic review

IntroductionDelirium is a potentially modifiable, acutely altered mental state, commonly characterised as a hospital-acquired complication. Studies of adult inpatients with acute burns with and without delirium identify causative risks related to the injury or treatment and outcomes related to the patient and healthcare system. We compare patients with and without delirium, providing a high-level quantitative synthesis of delirium risks and outcomes to inform guidelines and future research.MethodsA systematic review, meta-analysis and GRADE evaluation of risks and outcomes associated with delirium in adults with acute burns was conducted using PRISMA guidelines and PROSPERO protocol CRD42021283055. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess quality.ResultsInvestigators reviewed ten studies. ASA score ≥ 3, Total Body Surface Area Percentage (TBSA)> 10%, surgery done, ICU admission, hospital and also Intensive Care Unit (ICU) lengths of stay all had statistically significant associations with delirium, with low-very low certainty on GRADE evaluation. Limitations were heterogeneous studies, review methodology and study bias.ConclusionDelirium represents a significant risk to comorbid patients with burns that are hospitalised, receive ICU care, and surgery. Further research is indicated to precisely categorise delirium along the clinical journey to identify modifiable factors, prevention, and proactive therapy.     

Addressing sexual function in adult burns victims: A multidisciplinary survey of current practice in UK burn units

BackgroundBurn injury was shown to affect a patient’s sexuality. Cultural and social inhibitions may mean this topic is often overlooked.AimsTo assess current opinion and management strategies amongst UK burns care teams in relation to addressing sexual function after burn injuries.MethodAn online questionnaire was circulated to all members of the British Burn Association.ResultsThe majority of UK burn care professionals reported that sexual function after burn injury was an important (79% of respondents) and unaddressed problem (85% of respondents) in current clinical practice. However, over 90% of professionals reported that they ‘never’ or ‘only occasionally’ ask patients about their sexual function concerns. Multiple different management strategies are employed by UK burns centers, with a number of respondents indicating no designated individual responsible for leading care in this area.ConclusionsCurrently no standardized method is in common use to address sexual function concerns of adult burns victims. The authors suggest this topic may be included in future information leaflets for patients and in burns awareness courses for medical professionals.     

Mediators and moderators of the relationship between body image and community integration among burn survivors

IntroductionDue to medical advances, care for patients that experience burns has shifted from saving life to improving quality of life. Reintegrating into the community and maintain body image satisfaction may be difficult after a severe burn. Several studies have analyzed these two variables independently, but none have addressed a potential interrelationship.AimTo investigate the indirect or direct relationship of body image and community integration, potentially mediated or moderated by social stigma, symptoms of depression, symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or posttraumatic growth.MethodsData from the Burn Models Systems (BMS) Database between the years 2014 and 2020, patients who were at least 18 years of age and who had completed questionnaires that measured body image satisfaction, attitudes of community integration, perceived social stigma, and symptoms of depression, symptoms of PTSD, and posttraumatic growth were used to analyze potential mediators and moderators of the relationship between body image and community integration using multivariable linear regression models and structural equation modeling.ResultsSocial stigma, symptoms of depression, and symptoms of PTSD were determined to completely mediate the association of body image and community integration. Posttraumatic growth did not mediate this association. Social stigma, symptoms of depression, symptoms of PTSD, and posttraumatic growth did not moderate the relationship between body image and community integration.ConclusionThe finding that symptoms of distress and social stigma account for the relationship between body image satisfaction and community integration support the potential for interventions that ameliorate distress to improve community integration and quality of life in people recovering from burn injuries.     

Early tracheostomy and active exercise programmes in adult intensive care patients with severe burns

BackgroundTracheostomy is a strategy often employed in patients requiring prolonged intubation in ICU settings. Evidence suggests that earlier tracheostomy and early active exercise are associated with better patient centered outcomes. Severe burn patients often require prolonged ventilatory support due to their critical condition, complex sedation management and multiple operating room visits. It is still unclear the optimal timing for tracheostomy in this population.MethodsWe conducted a service evaluation where we compared Early Tracheostomy (≤10 days) with Late Tracheostomy (>10 days) in 41 severely burned patients that required prolonged respiratory support.ResultsEarly Tracheostomy cohort was associated with fewer days of mechanical ventilation (16 vs 33, p = 0.001), shorter hospital length of stay (65 vs 88 days, p = 0.018), earlier first day of active exercise (day 8 vs day 25, p < 0.0001) and higher Functional Assessment for Burns scores upon discharge (32 vs 28, p = 0.016).ConclusionEarly tracheostomy in patients with severe burns is associated with earlier active exercise, fewer days of ventilation, shorter length of hospital stay and better physical functional independence upon discharge from hospital.     

A model for acute kidney injury in severe burn patients

IntroductionIn patients with severe burns, morbidity and mortality are high. One factor related to poor prognosis is acute kidney injury. According to the AKIN criteria, acute kidney injury has 3 stages based on urine output, serum creatinine level, and renal replacement therapy. In this study, we aimed to create a decision tree for estimating risk of acute kidney injury in patients with severe burn injuries.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 437 adult patients with ≥20% total burn surface area injury who were treated at the Baskent University Ankara and Konya Burn Centers from January 2000 to March 2020. Patients who had high-voltage burn and previous history of kidney disease were excluded. Patient demographics, medical history, mechanism of injury, presence of inhalation injury, depth of burn, laboratory values, presence of oliguria, need for renal replacement therapy, central venous pressure, and prognosis were evaluated. These data were used in a “decision tree method” to create the Baskent University model to estimate risk of acute kidney injury in severe burn patients.ResultsOur model provided an accuracy of 71.09% for risk estimation. Of 172 patients, 78 (45%) had different degrees of acute kidney injury, with 26 of these (15.1%) receiving renal replacement therapy. Our model showed that total burn surface area was the most important factor for estimation of acute kidney injury occurrence. Other important factors included serum creatinine value, burn injury severity score, hemoglobin value, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet count.ConclusionThe Baskent University model for acute kidney injury may be helpful to determine risk of acute kidney injury in burn patients. This determination would allow appropriate treatment to be given to high-risk patients in the early period, reducing the incidence of acute kidney injury.     

The development of burn scar contractures and impact on joint function,disability and quality of life in low- and middle-income countries: A prospective cohort study with one-year follow-up

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the development of burn scar contractures and their impact on joint function, disability and quality of life in a low-income country.MethodsPatients with severe burns were eligible. Passive range of motion (ROM) was assessed using lateral goniometry. To assess the development of contractures, the measured ROM was compared to the normal ROM. To determine joint function, the normal ROM was compared to the functional ROM. In addition, disability and quality of life (QoL) were assessed. Assessments were from admission up to 12 months after injury.ResultsThirty-six patients were enrolled, with a total of 124 affected joints. The follow-up rate was 83%. Limited ROM compared to normal ROM values was observed in 26/104 joints (25%) at 12 months. Limited functional ROM was observed in 55/115 joints (48%) at discharge and decreased to 22/98 joints (22%) at 12 months. Patients who had a contracture at 12 months reported more disability and lower QoL, compared to patients without a contracture (median disability 0.28 versus 0.17 (p = 0.01); QoL median 0.60 versus 0.76 (p = 0.001)). Significant predictors of developing joint contractures were patient delay and the percentage of TBSA deep burns.ConclusionThe prevalence of burn scar contractures was high in a low-income country. The joints with burn scar contracture were frequently limited in function. Patients who developed a contracture reported significantly more disability and lower QoL. To limit the development of burn scar contractures, timely access to safe burn care should be improved in low-income countries.