Antibody specificities of children living in a malaria endemic area to inhibitory and blocking epitopes on MSP-119 of Plasmodium falciparum

Merozoite surface protein-1₁₉ (MSP-1₁₉) specific antibodies which include processing inhibitory, blocking and neutral antibodies have been identified in individuals exposed to Plasmodium falciparum. Here we intend to look at the effect of single and multiple amino acid substitutions of MSP-1₁₉ on the recognition by polyclonal antibodies from children living in Igbo-Ora, Nigeria. This would provide us with information on the possibility of eliciting mainly processing inhibitory antibodies with a recombinant MSP-1₁₉ vaccine. Blood was collected from children in the rainy season and binding of anti-MSP-1₁₉ antibodies to modified mutants of MSP-1₁₉ was analysed by ELISA. The MSP-1₁₉ mutant proteins with single substitutions at positions 22 (Leu → Arg), 43 (Glu → Leu) and 53 (Asn → Arg) and the MSP-1₁₉ mutant protein with multiple substitutions at positions 27 + 31 + 34 + 43 (Glu → Tyr, Leu → Arg, Tyr → Ser, Glu → Leu); which had inhibitory epitopes; had the highest recognition. Children recognised both sets of mutants with different age groups having different recognition levels. The percentage of malaria positive individuals (32-80%) with antibodies that bound to the mutants MSP-1₁₉ containing epitopes that recognise only processing inhibitory and not blocking antibodies, were significantly different from those with antibodies that did not bind to these mutants (21-28%). The amino acid substitutions that abolished the binding of blocking antibodies without affecting the binding of inhibitory antibodies are of particular interest in the design of MSP-1₁₉ based malaria vaccines. Although these MSP-1₁₉ mutants have not been found in natural population, their recognition by polyclonal antibodies from humans naturally infected with malaria is very promising for the future use of MSP-1₁₉ mutants in the design of a malaria vaccine.     

阻钉技术对交锁髓内钉断钉的影响

目的探讨阻钉技术对交锁髓内钉断钉的预防作用。方法2003年1月~2005年8月,采用交锁髓内钉固定长骨干骨折56例,男32例,女24例。年龄21~65岁,平均34岁。其中股骨骨折26例,胫骨骨折30例,均为新鲜、闭合性骨折。骨折类型:中部横断骨折10例,中部短斜形骨折11例,中部长斜形或螺旋形骨折20例,远、近1/3骨干骨折15例。前期32例患者采用常规的交锁髓内钉固定骨折(组),后期24例中部长斜形或螺旋形骨折及远、近1/3骨折患者采用交锁髓内钉配合阻钉固定骨折(组)。结果获随访12~21个月,平均16个月。组3例患者骨折未愈合,其中1例股骨中部长斜形骨折主钉在骨折线附近断裂,另2例胫骨远1/3骨折主钉在靠近骨折端的第1个锁钉孔处断裂;其余患者术后6~12个月获骨性愈合,但骨折处出现较多骨痂。组患者于术后3~8个月获骨性愈合,骨折对位、对线良好,无断钉发生。结论阻钉技术配合交锁髓内钉应用可明显增强骨折断端稳定性,减少断钉发生。     

Heterogeneity of antibodies directed against the α-bungarotoxin binding site on human acetylcholine receptor and severity of myasthenia gravis

A rapid and sensitive radioimmunological method is described, using decamethonium (DC), which revealed antibodies which blocked α-bungarotoxin (α-Bgt) binding to human acetylcholine receptor (AChR) in 98% of myasthenia gravis (MG) patients' sera tested. These sera had anti-AChR antibody titres by the conventional assay. The titre of blocking antibodies (1 to 110 nM) could be measured and was found to produce from 1 to 54% inhibition of α-Bgt binding. No relationship was found between these titres and anti-AChR antibody titres. MG sera were divided into 2 major groups on the basis of their blocking effects, with and without DC, but there was no correlation between these and the clinical status, as defined by Osserman's classification. However, no sera from asymptomatic or ocular MG patients had the dual capacities of blocking α-Bgt binding, directly and in the presence of DC.     

封闭式负压吸引治疗中不同负压模式对疗效影响实验研究

目的:探讨不同负压治疗模式在封闭式负压吸引技术治疗慢性创面时的疗效差异。方法:分别利用持续负压吸引、间断负压吸引以及变压负压吸引三种不同的负压治疗模式处理兔耳慢性创面模型,通过对处理后创面各项生化指标检测,探讨不同负压治疗模式在封闭式负压吸引技术治疗慢性创面时的疗效差异。结果:变压负压吸引及间断负压吸引促进创面肉芽组织生长及伤口收缩的效果早于持续负压吸引治疗。结论:在封闭式负压吸引技术治疗慢性创面时,间断负压和变压负压这两种模式可以作为治疗中的优先选择。     

封闭配合局部制动治疗腕管综合征

腕管综合征是以单手或双手出现桡侧3~4个手指麻木、疼痛、甚至功能障碍,夜间或晨起时较明显为特征的疾患。麻木、疼痛有时放射至肘或肩部,重者拇指外展、对掌无力,动作不灵活。多见于用手及腕部集中劳作者,50多岁女性好发。自2001年7月-2004年11月以封闭配合腕关节外固定治疗42     

肢体与腰背部封闭后反应性疼痛的差异及原因分析

目的　分析肢体与腰背部疼痛首次封闭后反应性疼痛的差异及原因。方法　将我院 6 8例患者按疼痛部位分为两组 :肢体痛组 36例 ,腰背痛组 32例 ,均用 2 %普鲁卡因 1～ 5ml加泼尼松龙 2 5～ 5 0mg行封闭治疗 ,观察两组封闭后首次反应性疼痛。结果　肢体痛组反应性疼痛的发生率为 77 78% ,腰背痛组为 2 5 0 0 % ,两组间差别有显著性意义 (P <0 0 1) ;两组反应性疼痛出现的时间、程度及持续时间间的差别均有显著性意义 (P <0 0 1)。结论　两组反应性疼痛的发生率、出现的时间、程度及持续时间均存在差异 ,其原因可能与四肢用药处组织较致密等因素有关     

非肢体血管瘤手术中阻断血供的应用

目的探讨非肢体血管瘤手术治疗时减少术中出血的方法. 方法 1998年11月～2003年11月共收治非肢体血管瘤49例,其中男21例,女28例,年龄3个月～63岁.毛细血管瘤14例,海绵状血管瘤25例,蔓状血管瘤7例,混合性血管瘤3例.根据血管瘤的性质和不同部位选择不同阻断血供的方法.头面颈部蔓状血管瘤扪清搏动的滋养血管后,于其一侧血管约1 cm处用7号丝线深缝一针,暂时缝扎致血管远端搏动消失再切除血管瘤;腹股沟及大腿上份蔓状血管瘤于瘤体组织近端腹股沟韧带上切开分离出髂总或髂外动脉、或在其远端切开分离出股动脉,通过无创血管夹阻断血流,再切除血管瘤;头面颈部、躯干部的毛细血管瘤及海绵状血管瘤瘤体周围用7号丝线间断缝扎,暂时阻断周围滋养血管,再切除血管瘤. 结果通过阻断血供,血管瘤组织不同程度缩小,术中出血明显减少.术后均获随访6个月～4年,49例中47例完全愈合,无复发,外形满意,功能恢复正常.有2例因术后第2天出血行二次手术止血,术后伤口愈合,功能基本恢复正常. 结论手术切除非肢体血管瘤之前阻断血供可明显减少术中出血,降低手术难度,为尽可能彻底切除血管瘤、减少复发创造了条件.     

阻塞性肺炎在早期中心型肺癌影像学中的诊断价值

目的 :探讨阻塞性肺炎在早期中心型肺癌常规胸部 X线影像与 CT影像的诊断意义。方法 :本组经手术和纤维支气管镜活检病理证实的早期中心型肺癌 7例 ,男 5例 ,女 2例 ,部分行常规摄胸部正位像 ;2例行侧位像。同时 7例均行 CT扫描 ;5例可疑作增强扫描。结果 :7例病例中常规胸部 X线影像表现为炎症。其中 :右肺中叶 3例 ,下野 1例 ,左肺中、下野各 1例 ,其中左右肺门增大各 1例 ,但有 1例显示正常。CT影像表现 4例支气管腔内呈菜花样肿块影 ,1例支气管腔内呈类似梭形的肿块影。 2例肺门肿大的块影呈分叶状。结论 :CT影像学检查对早期病变较小的中心型肺癌有一定的诊断价值 ;并能够为临床早期治疗提供一定的依据     

On the role of the adrenergic receptors for extraneuronal amine uptake and retention in rat salivary glands in vitro

Summary The effect of an -receptor blocking agent, phenoxybenzamine, and a series of -receptor blocking agents on extraneuronal uptake and retention of radioactivity after incubation of rat salivary gland slices with ³H-noradrenaline or ³H-isoprenaline has been investigated. In some experiments with ³H-noradrenaline as substrate, neuronal uptake was prevented by adding protriptyline to the incubation medium. Phenoxybenzamine reduced extraneuronal accumulation of radioactivity after both ³H-noradrenaline and ³H-isoprenaline in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas after propranolol the levels of extraneuronally retained radioactive material were markedly increased, the efflux from the slices not being diminished. Some other nonselective and selective -receptor blocking agents with and without intrinsic activity were found to produce the same effect as propranolol upon the retention of radioactivity after incubation with ³H-noradrenaline and ³H-isoprenaline. When both phenoxybenzamine and propranolol were present in the incubation medium the effect of extraneuronally retained radioactivity after ³H-noradrenaline as well as after ³H-isoprenaline was the same as when only phenoxybenzamine was used. The metabolic pattern of the radioactivity in the slices revealed that the extraneuronally retained radioactive compounds consisted mainly of tritiated catabolites, especially 3-O-methylated ones. The relationship between the extraneuronal accumulation and adrenergic receptor mechanisms is discussed.     

Effects of alpha-methyl tyrosine and adrenergic blocking agents on the facilitating action of amphetamine and nicotine on learning in rats

dl-amphetamine sulphate (2 mg/kg) and nicotine (0.2 mg/kg) showed a facilitatory action on the acquisition of a conditioned response in a shuttle-box by rats and this was reversed by pretreatment with -MT (30 mg/kg).Pretreatment with dibenamine (10 mg/kg) impaired the action either of amphetamine or nicotine. Nethalide (5–10 mg/kg) exerted a partial protection on the depressant effect produced by the interaction between dibenamine and nicotine.Animals treated with -MT (30 mg/kg) and kept in the cold (4–6° C for 3 h) also showed a depressed learning capacity. dl-Dopa (200 mg/kg) provided a partial protection on the depressive effects caused by the interaction of -MT with amphetamine, nicotine or cold. It is suggested that the facilitatory learning action of amphetamine and nicotine involves a common adrenergic mechanism. The depressant effects of amphetamine, nicotine or cold after -MT treatment are attributed to depletion of functional pools of catecholamines.This work was supported by grant N 2911/67 from the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina (O. A. Orsingher).