安适合剂4号对小鼠中枢神经系统影响

安适合剂４号由夜交藤、柏子仁、酸枣仁、麦冬、朱砂等组成。临床上与氯丙嗪合用于抗精神病,能产生协同作用,且使后者用量及副作用减少。药理实验表明,安适合剂４号能使小鼠自主活动次数减少;对硝酸士的宁所致小鼠惊厥有抗惊厥作用;对戊巴比妥所致小鼠睡眠,能使翻正反射消失时间缩短,睡眠时间延长,且与剂量成正比例。     

Estimating marginal likelihoods for mixture and Markov switching models using bridge sampling techniques

Summary This paper discusses the problem of estimating marginal likelihoods for mixture and Markov switching model. Estimation is based on the method of bridge sampling ( Meng and Wong 1996 ; Statistica Sinica11, 552–86.) where Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) draws from the posterior density are combined with an i.i.d. sample from an importance density. The importance density is constructed in an unsupervised manner from the MCMC draws using a mixture of complete data posteriors. Whereas the importance sampling estimator as well as the reciprocal importance sampling estimator are sensitive to the tail behaviour of the importance density, we demonstrate that the bridge sampling estimator is far more robust. Our case studies range from computing marginal likelihoods for a mixture of multivariate normal distributions, testing for the inhomogeneity of a discrete time Poisson process, to testing for the presence of Markov switching and order selection in the MSAR model.     

益气通痹合剂抗胶原诱导的关节炎大鼠关节滑膜血管新生作用的研究

目的:探讨益气通痹合剂抗风湿的作用及其机制。方法:以Ⅱ型胶原加完全弗氏佐剂诱导的关节炎(CIA)大鼠为类风湿性关节炎模型,通过对关节滑膜病理改变、大鼠右后足关节影像学评估及对血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、基质金属蛋白酶-1、2、3、9(MMPs)在不同处理大鼠血清中的表达,探讨该制剂的治疗效果。结果:益气通痹合剂组的滑膜组织新生血管明显减少,与模型组比较差异显著(P<0.05),关节影像学有改善;模型组大鼠血清VEGF、MMPs活性表达明显升高,益气通痹合剂组起下调作用。结论:益气通痹合剂能改善模型大鼠的病理学及影像学改变,并通过下调大鼠血清中VEGF、MMPs的表达而抑制CIA大鼠关节滑膜的血管新生功能。     

复方虫颗粒剂治疗类风湿关节炎疗效观察

目的:观察复方虫颗粒剂治疗类风湿关节炎的治疗效果。方法:将80例患者随机分为两组,各40例。治疗组口服复方虫颗粒剂治疗;对照组口服布洛芬。结果:治疗组总有效率65%,对照组总有效率40%,两组比较,P<0.05。结论:复方虫颗粒剂治疗类风湿关节炎有较好的疗效,且比传统汤剂用药方便,对改善患者体质有明显效果,无副作用。     

炙甘草合剂中甘草酸含量测定

目的：控制炙甘草合剂的质量。方法：采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定甘草酸的含量。结果：分离度好，含量测定线性范围0．23-1．85μg（r=0．9999），平均回收率96．6％，相对标准差（RSD）0．17％（n=6）。结论：方法简便、准确、重现性好。     

A model for learning to segment temporal sequences, utilizing a mixture of RNN experts together with adaptive variance

This paper proposes a novel learning method for a mixture of recurrent neural network (RNN) experts model, which can acquire the ability to generate desired sequences by dynamically switching between experts. Our method is based on maximum likelihood estimation, using a gradient descent algorithm. This approach is similar to that used in conventional methods; however, we modify the likelihood function by adding a mechanism to alter the variance for each expert. The proposed method is demonstrated to successfully learn Markov chain switching among a set of 9 Lissajous curves, for which the conventional method fails. The learning performance, analyzed in terms of the generalization capability, of the proposed method is also shown to be superior to that of the conventional method. With the addition of a gating network, the proposed method is successfully applied to the learning of sensory–motor flows for a small humanoid robot as a realistic problem of time series prediction and generation.     

Socioeconomic inequalities in health dynamics: A comparison of Britain and the United States

Drawing on theory and research on the fundamental causes of health, the life course, and the welfare state, we investigate social inequalities in dynamic self-rated health for working-aged Britons and Americans. We use data from the British Household Panel Survey and Panel Study of Income Dynamics (1990–2004) and a mixture latent Markov model to test a theoretical model of health as a discrete state that may remain stable or change over time. Our contributions are threefold. First, our finding of three distinctive types of health processes (stable good health, stable poor health, and a “mover” health trajectory) represents a more differentiated profile of long-term health than previously shown. Second, we characterize health trajectories in structural terms by suggesting who was more likely to experience what type of health trajectory. Third, our more differentiated picture of dynamic health leads to a more nuanced understanding of comparative health: Although the health advantage of Britons was confirmed, our results also indicate that they were more likely to experience health change. Moreover, the socioeconomic gradient in long-term health was steeper in the US, raising provocative questions about how state policies and practices may affect population health.     

凉血散瘀合剂微生物限度检查方法的研究

目的建立凉血散瘀合剂的微生物限度检查方法。方法采用接种阳性对照菌回收率试验测定其是否含抑菌成分。结果凉血散瘀合剂五种阳性试验菌的回收率试验结果均高于70%,表明在该实验条件下无抑菌现象。结论凉血散瘀合剂可按常规方法进行微生物限度检查。     

银花清暑合剂治疗小儿夏季感冒暑湿袭表证临床观察

目的:评价银花清暑合剂治疗小儿夏季感冒暑湿袭表证的安全性及有效性。方法:选取小儿夏季感冒暑湿袭表证门诊患儿180例,随机分为治疗组(90例)和对照组(90例),治疗组予银花清暑合剂口服,对照组予香菊感冒颗粒口服,1个疗程后统计分析观察结果。结果:治疗组和对照组经治疗后痊愈率分别为69.9%、51.1%;总有效率分别为96.7%、81.1%;两组疗效比较差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01),治疗组疗效优于对照组。在用药过程中,两药均未发现明显不良反应。结论:银花清暑合剂是治疗小儿夏季感冒暑湿袭表证安全有效的药物。     

“培土生金”法在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情中对慢性阻塞性肺疾病的作用

目前,新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称"新冠肺炎")在我国已经得到阶段性地控制,但在世界范围,患者仍不断增加,且仍有不少境外输入病例不断进入国内。因此,现阶段对新冠肺炎疫情防控仍处于关键时期。慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是我国中老年人常见的呼吸系统疾病,患者常存在肺脾气虚的证候表现,加之免疫力、抵抗力较低,是新冠肺炎的易感人群。COPD与新冠肺炎同属呼吸系统疾病,二者在病因上具有一定的相似性,且具有相同的病变脏腑。二者在发病过程中,都会产生"湿、毒、热"的病理因素,影响肺、脾与大肠等脏腑的生理功能,致使其在病机上具有相关性,且贯穿疾病的始终。脾胃的盛衰是治疗新冠肺炎进退的关键。培土生金法有健脾益肺,化湿祛毒的含义,可以同时调节肺、脾、大肠三个脏腑,改善相关脏腑的功能,达到肺肠同治、肺脾同调的作用。因此培土生金法不仅是治疗COPD的常用方法,也可以作为本次新冠肺炎"湿、毒、热"病理因素的治疗方法。参苓白术散是培土生金法的代表方剂,有益气健脾化湿的功效,契合本次新冠肺炎"湿毒疫邪"的主要病机,对COPD患者具有扶正祛邪,增加免疫力的作用。同时也可以采用培土生金法选取相应穴位艾灸,加强对新冠肺炎的预防。因此,培土生金法可作为疫情期间COPD患者预防新冠肺炎的治疗方法。