植物基除臭剂的配方设计及净化效果的试验研究

目的通过研究植物基除臭剂的配方,探讨其净化效果。方法采用市售植物复配精油为基底,三甘醇为溶剂,加入一定比例的乳化剂、助剂和去离子水配制植物基除臭剂。乳化剂选用比较常见的10种表面活性剂进行冷储和热储对比试验,助剂选用β-环糊精,通过三因素三水平正交试验确定配方中植物精油、乳化剂和助剂含量。通过气相色谱质谱分析除臭剂的活性成分。净化试验采用静态染毒和自动喷雾系统测试除臭剂的净化效果,并和自然沉降、去离子水和3M异味抑制剂效果进行对比。结果植物基除臭剂检出活性有效成分33种,大部分为含氧化合物。精油质量浓度0.6%、β-环糊精质量浓度1.0%,吐温-80质量浓度3.0%为最佳配比,该植物基除臭剂的平均除臭效率高于去离子水和化学除臭剂,10 min后硫化氢和甲硫醇的净化效率达到100%,30 min后氨气净化效率达到95%。结论植物基除臭剂含有反应活性很高的功能团,能与恶臭物质进行各种化学反应,从而达到抑制恶臭气味的目的,该除臭剂对硫化氢和甲硫醇的净化效果强于对氨气的净化效果。     

乳腺癌MRI的特征性表现与腋窝淋巴结转移的相关性分析

目的：探讨乳腺癌MRI的特征性表现与腋窝淋巴结转移的相关性,为乳腺癌淋巴结阳性患者治疗方案的选择及预后评估提供理论依据。材料与方法44例经病理证实为乳腺癌且均术前行MR扫描,其中26例患者证实有同侧腋窝淋巴结转移。由2名有经验的影像科医师阅读MRI,分析不同肿块的短径与长径之比、动态增强的特征与乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移的相关性。结果(1)MR形态学分析乳腺肿块短径和长径之比与腋窝淋巴结转移呈负相关性(t=5.892, P＜0.05);(2)早期边缘强化率与腋窝淋巴结转移呈正相关性(t=3.966, P＜0.01)。结论乳腺癌肿块短径及长径之比越大,其腋窝淋巴结转移可能性越小,肿块早期边缘强化率越大,淋巴结转移可能性越大,且提示预后不良。可见,乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移与MR的特征具有较好的相关性,MR检查可对判断乳腺癌预后和腋窝淋巴结性质制定有效治疗方案提供参考。     

超声造影与MRI对乳腺癌患者腋窝淋巴结诊断价值

目的比较超声造影和MRI对乳腺癌患者腋窝淋巴结诊断价值。方法回顾分析常规超声诊断为乳腺癌患者的腋窝淋巴结超声造影与MRI影像学资料,以临床病理结果为"金标准",比较两种方法诊断腋窝淋巴结转移的价值。结果病理结果显示97枚腋窝淋巴结中,淋巴结转移69枚,淋巴结无转移28枚;超声造影诊断乳腺癌患者腋窝淋巴结转移的灵敏度、特异度、准确率分别为79.71%、96.43%、84.54%;MRI诊断乳腺癌患者腋窝淋巴结转移的灵敏度、特异度、准确率分别为88.41%、92.86%、89.69%;超声造影结果显示腋窝淋巴结转移组的SImax-SImin显著高于无转移组(P<0.05),MRI结果显示腋窝淋巴结转移组的淋巴结短径、长径及皮质厚度均高于无转移组(P<0.05)。结论两种方法均可有效诊断乳腺癌患者腋窝淋巴结转移,可以依据检查方法的特点为患者选择合适的诊断方法。     

Odor Identification and Self-reported Olfactory Functioning in Patients with Subtypes of Mild Cognitive Impairment

Olfactory dysfunction is a very early symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and olfactory dysfunction has also been found in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The goal of the present study was to compare odor identification ability and self-reported olfactory functioning in patients with different types of MCI. We included 104 elderly participants classified into two groups: patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and elderly controls (EC). Based on their performance in neuropsychological testing the study population was divided into four groups of participants based on cognitive features: amnestic MCI single domain (11), amnestic MCI multiple domain (19), non-amnestic MCI single domain (21) and non-amnestic MCI multiple domain (13), respectively. The MCI patients were compared to 40 elderly controls (EC) controls with no cognitive deficit. Comparison for odor identification revealed a significant difference between amnestic MCI multiple domain patients and the EC group. No other group comparison was significant. Statistical analyses for self-reported olfactory functioning revealed no significant group differences between any subgroup of MCI patients and the control group. Correlational analyses indicated that odor identification ability was related to cognition whereas no relationship was found for self-reported olfactory functioning. The present study showed that amnestic MCI patients with additional deficits in other cognitive domains have a specific odor identification impairment. Together with cognitive testing, olfactory testing may more accurately help predict whether or not a patient with MCI will convert to AD in the near future.     

乳腔镜腋窝淋巴结清扫术的初期应用分析

目的：探讨乳腔镜腋窝淋巴结清扫术的疗效,并与传统腋窝淋巴结清扫术的早期结果进行对比。方法：选取2012年1月至2013年4月收治的54例临床Ⅰ、Ⅱ期乳腺癌患者,其中腔镜组12例,传统手术组42例,对比分析两组患者临床资料及手术指标。结果：两组手术均顺利完成。两组患者创面引流液量、引流时间、术后住院时间、淋巴水肿、创面积液及清除淋巴结数量差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,腔镜组在术后患侧上肢疼痛、麻木及肩部活动受限率方面优于传统手术组（P〈0．05）,尽管腔镜组手术时间稍长于传统手术组（P=0．001）,但腔镜组术中出血量明显少于传统手术组（P=0．004）。结论：掌握精细的腔镜操作技术,熟悉腋窝结构,术中细致解剖,手术流程正确,早期开展乳腔镜腋窝淋巴结清扫术是可行的,显著改善了腋窝淋巴结清扫手术的预后,达到了生理微创与心理微创的双重目的,与传统手术相比优势明显。     

不同剂量A型肉毒毒素皮内注射治疗腋部多汗症效果观察

目的 评估不同剂量A型肉毒毒素治疗腋部多汗症的时效.方法 腋部多汗症患者86例,患者左右侧腋窝自身对照:左侧为小剂量A型肉毒毒素注射组,皮内注射生理盐水稀释的A型肉毒毒素50U;右侧为大剂量A型肉毒毒素注射组,皮内注射生理盐水稀释的A型肉毒毒素200U;随访3～29个月,观察两组并发症,并建立两组等级资料,行x2检验,评价患者两侧腋窝维持疗效的时间差异.结果 两组疗效进行对比,大剂量与小剂量的A型肉毒毒素的疗效维持时间的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 大剂量A型肉毒毒素能够显著延长腋部多汗症疗效时间.     

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of female breast: A case report

INTRODUCTIONAdenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the breast is a rare neoplasm accounting for 0.1% of breast carcinomas.PRESENTATION OF CASEA 30 year old female patient presented with multiple lumps in the right breast. Excision biopsy of a lump in the lower outer quadrant revealed adenoid cystic carcinoma. A right sided modified radical mastectomy (MRM) was performed, with axillary clearance. Histopathology revealed a fibroadenoma accounting for one mass and adenoid cystic carcinoma in another, confirmed on Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining. Three out of the eight excised axillary lymph nodes contained malignancy. There was no evidence of recurrence or distant spread at follow-up 6 months postoperatively.DISCUSSIONACC of the breast is a rare neoplasm accounting for 0.1% of breast carcinomas and is of special interest because of its favourable prognosis and distinctive histological appearance. This tumor occurs predominantly in women in their sixth decade and usually presents as a tender breast mass, often in the subareolar area though in our case it was not tender and presented as multiple lumps in the right breast. The diagnosis can be made on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), but in our case FNAC was inconclusive. We performed MRM with axillary clearance, and three out eight lymph nodes proved positive for malignancy.CONCLUSIONACC is a rare malignant neoplasm. Surgical treatment is the mainstay with little role for radiotherapy and chemotherapy according to the published literature.     

Chemosignals and hormones in the neural control of mammalian sexual behavior

Males and females of most mammalian species depend on chemosignals to find, attract and evaluate mates and, in most cases, these appetitive sexual behaviors are strongly modulated by activational and organizational effects of sex steroids. The neural circuit underlying chemosensory-mediated pre- and peri-copulatory behavior involves the medial amygdala (MA), the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), medial preoptic area (MPOA) and ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), each area being subdivided into interconnected chemoreceptive and hormone-sensitive zones. For males, MA–BNST connections mediate chemoinvestigation whereas the MA–MPOA pathway regulates copulatory initiation. For females, MA–MPOA/BNST connections also control aspects of precopulatory behavior whereas MA–VMH projections control both precopulatory and copulatory behavior. Significant gaps in understanding remain, including the role of VMH in male behavior and MPOA in female appetitive behavior, the function of cortical amygdala, the underlying chemical architecture of this circuit and sex differences in hormonal and neurochemical regulation of precopulatory behavior.     

前哨淋巴结活检在早期浸润性乳腺癌保乳手术中的应用价值

目的分析前哨淋巴结活检术(SLNB)对早期浸润性乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移的诊断效能及其在保乳手术中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2012年7月-2015年5月该院收治的217例早期浸润性乳腺癌患者的临床资料,均行SLNB和保乳手术治疗,以术后病理为金标准分析SLNB对腋窝淋巴结转移的诊断效能。同时,根据患者意愿将前哨淋巴结(SLN)阴性者分为两组,清扫腋窝淋巴结者为对照组,未清扫者为观察组,对比其手术情况、术后转归及生存质量。结果 SLNB诊断腋窝淋巴结转移的灵敏度、特异度、漏诊率、误诊率和准确度分别为92.1%、100.0%、7.9%、0、94.4%。观察组手术时间短,术中出血量和术后引流量少,拔管时间早,与对照组相比差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。观察组并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05);复发率、转移率及死亡率比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。治疗前,两组患者的欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织生存质量问卷(EORTC QLQ-C30)和欧洲生命质量协作组乳腺癌专用生命质量量表(QLQ-BR23)评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);治疗后,观察组功能和症状评分低于对照组,总生存质量评分高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论SLNB对早期浸润性乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移的诊断效能较高,用以指导保乳手术可降低术后并发症,提高患者的生存质量,具有较好的应用价值。