Atrial premature complexes and heart rate have prognostic significance in 1-month atrial fibrillation recurrence after electrical cardioversion.

AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate the significance of simple 24-h Holter (24H) data after electrical cardioversion (CV) for atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence. METHODS: We prospectively studied 47 consecutive patients subjected to CV, who successfully converted to sinus rhythm. All underwent echocardiography and 24H after CV. AF recurrence was studied at 14 days and 1 month by second 24H or by interim report of AF. RESULTS: About 53.2% remained in sinus rhythm (group I) and the rest recurred to AF (group II). Group I had fewer atrial premature complexes per hour (APC/h) (P = 0.002) and lower maximum (max HR), average, and minimum heart rates compared with group II (all Ps < 0.05). The optimal value of APC/h and max HR with best sensitivity and specificity was 32 APC/h and 90 bpm, respectively. These findings were the predictors of AF recurrence [hazard ratio (HR) = 4.5 with 95% CI = 1.7-11.7 and HR = 4.3 with 95% CI = 1.7-10.9, respectively]. Patients with the combination of both predictors had greater HR of AF recurrence compared with those with < 32 APC/h and max HR < 90 bpm (HR = 8.8 with 95% CI = 2.5-31.4). CONCLUSION: Patients with frequent APC/h and high max HR are at high risk for 1-month AF recurrence after electrical CV.     

双侧无铆型房间隔缺损封堵器的实验研究

目的在犬房间隔缺损(ASD)模型上评价双侧无铆型ASD封堵器的疗效、安全性和生物相容性。方法自行设计封堵器是由镍钛合金丝编织成的网状结构,外形呈双盘状,其左房面平整,右房面中间凹陷,中央有与推送杆相接的连接袢,内衬有三层聚酯膜。犬ASD模型建立采用房间隔穿刺结合球囊扩张方法,模拟临床经导管封堵ASD过程,闭合人工制备的ASD。用心脏超声观察封堵器位置及封堵器对右、左房室瓣功能的影响。术后1、2、3、6个月分别处死动物行组织学检查,观察封堵器周围及表面的组织学反应。结果8条犬成功制作ASD模型并封堵,超声显示封堵器位置固定良好,不影响右、左房室瓣功能。各观察时间点肉眼见所有封堵器表面光滑均覆有薄层的新生内膜。3个月后封堵器表面完全内皮化,光镜和电镜检查显示封堵器置入部位周围组织无明显的炎症反应。6个月扫描电镜观察金属丝无腐蚀。HE染色显示肺、肝、脾、肾、胰等组织无血栓栓塞、炎症表现。结论双侧无铆型ASD封堵器操作简便、使用安全及有良好的生物相容性,提示自制的ASD封堵器将可安全地应用于临床。     

心房颤动与炎症及慢性幽门螺旋杆菌感染相关性研究

目的探讨心房颤动(简称房颤)与炎症及慢性幽门螺旋杆菌(Hp)感染的关系。方法选取66例房颤患者为房颤组(其中阵发性房颤44例,慢性房颤22例),另取同期住院的阵发性室上性心动过速(简称室上速)患者67例作为对照组,用间接ELISA法测定血清Hp-IgG抗体,速率散射免疫比浊法测定C反应蛋白(CRP),比较两组Hp-IgG抗体,CRP的差异并分析HP抗体滴度与房颤及其它相关因素的关系。结果房颤组与对照组的Hp-IgG阳性率Hp-IgG对数值均无差异(P均>0.05)。房颤组CRP中位数较对照组高(1.17mg/dlvs0.65mg/dl,P<0.05)。结论房颤与慢性Hp感染不相关,与炎症相关。     

心间隔缺损并哑性动脉导管未闭4例

我院治疗６６例心间隔缺损的病例中，有４例合并哑性动脉导管未闭（简称ＰＤＡ），发生率６％。全组病例术前均无ＰＤＡ临床体征，１例术前再次复查心脏彩超时发现，其余３例均漏诊。１例先处理ＰＤＡ，３例在纠正心内畸形同时处理ＰＤＡ。心间隔缺损合并哑性ＰＤＡ容易漏诊，但有其临床特点，手术可先处理ＰＤＡ，或在体外循环下处理ＰＤＡ。     

非瓣膜病房颤患者左心耳血流动力学的TEE研究

应用多平面经食管超声心动图技术（Ｍ－ＴＥＥ），对３０例健康人和３０例非瓣病房颤患者（ＮＶＡＦ）心底短轴切面测量了左心耳最大直径，同一心动周期内左心耳最大及最小面积及左心耳最大空速度，产将ＮＶＡＦ患者按照自发显影及血栓的有无分为２组。发现ＮＶＡＦ组左心耳增大，收缩力及血流速度均减低，且这种变化在有血栓和有血栓形成倾向的患者中更为明显。     

地尔硫卓联合地高辛治疗心力衰竭并慢性快速房颤分析

目的观察地尔硫卓联合小剂量地高辛对心力衰竭并慢性快速房颤患者血压、心室率和心功能的影响。方法 :心功能Ⅱ～Ⅲ级慢性房颤患者 10 6例 ,随机分为二组 ,对照组 5 0例 ,单用地高辛 ,治疗组 5 6例 ,地尔硫卓与地高辛联用 ,其余治疗二组相同 ,7～ 10d为一疗程 ,观察治疗前后血压、心率、左室射血分数 (LVEF)、心输出量 (CO)。结果 :治疗组较对照组心室率明显下降 ,控制满意 ,血压、LVEF及CO变化二组相似。结论 :地尔硫卓联合小剂量地高辛治疗心衰并慢性快速房颤患者心室率较单用地高辛效果更好 ,且较为安全。     

血液与非血液灌流行缺血预处理鼠心的电生理实验研究

本实验研究血液与非血液灌流条件下缺血预处理（ＩＰ）对心肌的保护作用。应用离体大鼠Ｌａｎｇｅｎｄｏｒｆ灌流模型，分血液灌流ＩＰ组、非血液（ＫｒｅｂｓＨｅｎｓｅｌｅｉｔ液，ＫＨ液）灌流ＩＰ组及相应的对照组。测量心肌电生理特性等指标。结果与ＫＨ液灌流心脏相似，用血液灌流的大鼠心脏经ＩＰ后，在随后的停灌和复灌期间，心室颤动阈升高，心律失常发生率明显降低。实验结论为在用血液灌流离体大鼠心脏模型上，ＩＰ对心肌的保护作用与用生理溶液灌流的模型基本相同。     

成人原发性肾病综合征血容量与肾素,醛固酮,心钠素的关系

探讨成人原发性肾病综合征(NS)血容量与肾素、醛固酮及心钠素的关系。方法 应用~(113)mInCl标记转铁蛋白稀释法测定血容量,放免法测定血浆激素水平。对水肿期NS28例、正常26例及其中NS缓解期随访18例进行检测。结果 (1)水肿期NS血容量与正常组无差别,血浆肾素活性(PRA)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(ATⅡ)、醛固酮(Ald)、心钠素(ANP)水平均较正常组高,白蛋白、各激素水平与血容量无显著相关;(2)缓解期与水肿期比较,总的血容量无差异,Ald、ANP显著降低,PRA、ATⅡ则无明显差异;(3)Ald与24小时尿排钠(UNaV)显著负相关。结论 Ald和ANP是NS钠排泄的主要调节因子。     

Effect of exercise on plasma atrial natriuretic factor and cardiac function in men and women

In order to provide an integrated view of the physiology of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) during exercise, we studied changes of its plasma concentrations in 13 normal subjects (seven males, six females) during three graded exercise levels and two periods of recovery (5 and 30 min), concomitantly with an assessment of cardiac function and ventricular volumes by multigated radionuclide angiography. Mean ANF levels (+/- SEM) increased in all patients at the second (P less than 0.002) and third (P less than 0.002) exercise levels, and after 5-min recovery (P less than 0.01): in males from 16 +/- 7 to 30 +/- 11 pg ml-1 at the third level, in females from 27 +/- 12 to 61 +/- 33 pg ml-1. Normal values were observed after 30-min recovery. Even if mean ANF levels were all higher in females, this difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.06). Significant decreases of ventricular volumes, as well as increases of ejection fraction and rate pressure product, were noted during exercise and were similar in both sexes. The kinetics of plasma ANF concentrations, compared with the increase of rate pressure product, was characterized by a latency and a remanence in recovery. This remanence, also present in the changes of ventricular volumes, supports the hypothesis that other factor(s) like catecholamines might still exert their influence after the exercise stops.     

蒲黄对大白鼠心律失常的预防作用

蒲黄水提物腹腔注射(5g生药/kg)大白鼠,预防异丙肾上腺素引起的心室纤颤和猝死,以及氯化钡恒速灌注引起的心律失常,结果表明蒲黄水提物能显著地提高动物的存活率,并明显地增加导至动物心律失常而致死的氯化钡剂量。