PubPeer有关中国学术论文的评论分析及思考

【目的】 分析PubPeer网站有关中国作者发表学术论文的评论,为探索出版后开放同行评议提供参考。【方法】 按信息分类法归类网站评论,统计并比较针对中国、美国及英国作者论文的各类评论构成及作者对评论的反应。【结果】 网站评论均主要由质疑类、通告类和感想类构成,其中质疑类评论在3个国家中均占主导。中国被质疑论文的占比为93.9%,显著高于英美(68.0%、42.5%)(P<0.05),其中被质疑存在图片问题和涉及论文工厂的论文构成比分别为69.9%、12.6%,也高于英美。我国有20.9%的作者就质疑类评论进行回复,其中64.8%认可评论质疑内容,与英美类似;我国有7.3%的回复者就质疑类和感想类评论与读者进行交流,该比例低于英美。【结论】 PubPeer网站评论分析提示,我国被质疑的论文占比高,图片及论文工厂质疑突出;针对质疑评论,超六成的回复者认可质疑内容。鉴于实施出版后监督、反馈和促进交流的需求,我国应探索出版后开放同行评议网站的实践。     

Body image and peer relationships: Unique associations of adolescents' social status and competence with peer- and self-reported appearance victimization

Adolescents were asked to nominate peers who experience appearance-related victimization or engage in appearance-related aggression, in order to examine the peer social status and competency correlates of receiving more nominations. Moreover, the correlates of peer-report vs. self-report appearance-related victimization were considered. Participants were 371 young Australian adolescents (55% girls, M_age = 12.0 years) who completed surveys. Results showed that victimized adolescents were rated as less liked, prosocial, popular and good-looking, and perceived themselves to be less attractive, less competent at sport and more teased by peers about appearance. Aggressive adolescents were rated as more popular and better looking, but also less prosocial. Aggressive adolescents also perceived themselves to be less academically but more romantically competent, and reported more appearance anxiety symptoms. Findings from peer-report measures generally support previous research findings using self-report measures, but the significant correlates did appear to differ between peer- and self-report of appearance victimization.     

Prognostic Implications of Declining Hemoglobin Content in Patients Hospitalized With Acute Coronary Syndromes

BackgroundContemporary definitions of bleeding endpoints are restricted mostly to clinically overt events. Whether hemoglobin drop per se, with or without overt bleeding, adversely affects the prognosis of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains unclear.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine in the MATRIX (Minimizing Adverse Haemorrhagic Events by Transradial Access Site and Systemic Implementation of Angiox) trial the incidence, predictors, and prognostic implications of in-hospital hemoglobin drop in patients with ACS managed invasively stratified by the presence of in-hospital bleeding.MethodsPatients were categorized by the presence and amount of in-hospital hemoglobin drop on the basis of baseline and nadir hemoglobin values and further stratified by the occurrence of adjudicated in-hospital bleeding. Hemoglobin drop was defined as minimal (<3 g/dl), minor (≥3 and <5 g/dl), or major (≥5 g/dl). Using multivariate Cox regression, we modeled the association between hemoglobin drop and mortality in patients with and without overt bleeding.ResultsAmong 7,781 patients alive 24 h after randomization with available hemoglobin data, 6,504 patients (83.6%) had hemoglobin drop, of whom 5,756 (88.5%) did not have overt bleeding and 748 (11.5%) had overt bleeding. Among patients without overt bleeding, minor (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.37; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.32 to 4.24; p = 0.004) and major (HR: 2.58; 95% CI: 0.98 to 6.78; p = 0.054) hemoglobin drop were independently associated with higher 1-year mortality. Among patients with overt bleeding, the association of minor and major hemoglobin drop with 1-year mortality was directionally similar but had wider CIs (minor: HR: 3.53 [95% CI: 1.06 to 11.79]; major: HR: 13.32 [95% CI: 3.01 to 58.98]).ConclusionsAmong patients with ACS managed invasively, in-hospital hemoglobin drop ≥3 g/dl, even in the absence of overt bleeding, is common and is independently associated with increased risk for 1-year mortality. (Minimizing Adverse Haemorrhagic Events by Transradial Access Site and Systemic Implementation of Angiox; NCT01433627)     

大学生应对方式、学习倦怠与学业拖延的关系

目的:探讨应对方式、学习倦怠与学业拖延的关系。方法:采用简易应对方式问卷、大学生学习倦怠问卷、学生版拖延评估量表对331名大学生的应对方式、学习倦怠与学业拖延情况进行测量。结果:1大学生应对方式积极,学习倦怠得分处于中等水平并存在一定程度的学业拖延;2消极应对与学习倦怠(r=0.234,P<0.01)、学业拖延呈显著正相关(r=0.200,P<0.01),学习倦怠与学业拖延呈显著正相关(r=0.366,P<0.01);3中介检验发现,学习倦怠在消极应对方式与学业拖延之间起部分中介的作用,中介效应占总效应的42.38%。结论:学生的应对方式越消极,学习倦怠程度越高,进而导致学业拖延程度加深。     

综合心理干预对调节中职护生学业情绪的影响

目的：评估综合心理干预对调节中职护生学业情绪的影响,为探索适合中职护生学业情绪的心理干预方法提供依据。方法采用《情感量表》和《自我描述Ⅱ》针对分层随机抽样的102名中职护生的学业情绪进行系统心理干预实验研究。结果102名中职护生通过综合心理干预方案的实施正向学业情绪明显增加,有效减少了负向学业情绪,自我概念提升,明显地提高了学业成绩。结论综合心理干预能有效调节中职护生的学业情绪。     

Fostering interprofessional collaborative practice in acute care through an academic-practice partnership

An interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP) environment was implemented in four inpatient acute care unit accountable care teams (ACT) through an academic-practice partnership. An action research methodology was implemented to empower healthcare professionals and promote ownership and sustainment of the IPCP strategies. Healthcare professionals on the ACT units, students, and faculty engaged in the multi-year project. Interventions included staff engagement exercises and coaching and support of individual ACT unit IPCP strategies and education. Healthcare professional outcome data were collected in the form of participant surveys, measuring collaboration about care decisions and the extent to which professionals engaged in a culture of safety, collected at baseline and 6-month intervals. Healthcare outcome measures of the ACT units were also collected at baseline and 6-month intervals. Students had clinical learning experiences in the IPCP settings and completed post clinical surveys. Implementation of the interventions resulted in a positive trend in the healthcare professionals, although statistical significance was not observed. Student outcome data demonstrated statistically significant positive learning outcomes. Healthcare outcome measures demonstrated a significant decrease in readmissions and an overall decrease in catheter-associated urinary tract infections over time. Other measures were not significantly impacted. In conclusion, an academic – practice partnership can strengthen and support an IPCP environment by allowing healthcare clinicians to be directly involved in the selection and implementation of IPCP strategies and contribute to improved professional, healthcare and student outcomes.