针灸及其血清对荷瘤小鼠CD4~+CD25~+Treg细胞体外增殖的影响

目的:观察针灸治疗对H_(22)荷瘤小鼠CD4~+CD25~+Treg细胞(CD4~+CD25~+regulatory T cells)体外增殖的影响和针灸血清刺激下的CD4~+CD25~+Treg细胞的体外增殖变化,探讨针灸及其血清对荷瘤小鼠免疫调节细胞的干预作用。方法:48只小鼠随机分为电针治疗组、艾灸治疗组、肿瘤对照组、正常对照组。采用H_(22)肿瘤细胞移植性实体瘤模型,电针和艾灸"大椎"治疗后,磁珠分离CD4~+CD25~+Treg细胞,氚标记胸腺嘧啶核苷掺入法观察不同组小鼠CD4~+CD25~+Treg细胞体外增殖能力和针灸血清对CD4~+CD25~+ Treg细胞体外增殖的影响。结果:肿瘤对照组CD4~+CD25~+Treg细胞增殖水平比正常对照组明显增高(P<0.05);电针治疗组和艾灸治疗组CD4~+CD25~+Treg细胞增殖水平与肿瘤对照组比较均明显降低(P<0.01)。电针治疗组和艾灸治疗组1:1、1:8稀释度血清刺激正常小鼠CD4~+CD25~+Treg细胞体外增殖,较正常对照、肿瘤对照组血清显著增高(P<0.05),各组1:16、1:32稀释度血清对Treg细胞作用的差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:针灸治疗能下调荷瘤小鼠CD4~+CD25~+Treg细胞体外增殖能力。不同浓度针灸血清体外刺激CD4~+CD25~+Treg细胞增殖表现出不一致的效应。     

Role of the vitamin D3 pathway in healthy and diseased skin – facts, contradictions and hypotheses

Abstract: Irradiation of human keratinocytes with UVB (280–320 nm) in vitro and in vivo activates the metabolism of 7‐dehydrocholesterol to hormonally active calcitriol. The production of calcitriol in the skin strongly depends on the photosynthesis of vitamin D₃ which is biologically inactive in the first instance. Vitamin D₃ serves as the starting substrate for two subsequent enzymatic hydroxylation steps in epidermal keratinocytes. Both the amount of vitamin D₃ and the activity of anabolic and catabolic vitamin D hydroxylases determine the cutaneous level of calcitriol. The hormonally active metabolite of vitamin D₃ regulates a huge number of genes in keratinocytes, and thus acts in an autocrine and/or paracrine manner. This local pathway of vitamin D₃ is unique, but its relevance for healthy and diseased skin is widely unknown, yet. Experimental findings implicate several questions: ( 1 ) Is UVB‐induced formation of calcitriol involved in regulation of growth and differentaition of epidermal cells as well as immunological and skin protective processes? ( 2 ) What endogenous and exogenous factors including drugs affect the cutaneous vitamin D₃ pathway? From a therapeutical point of view, it has been known for a long time that topical application of calcitriol and its analogs can improve hyperproliferative skin diseases like psoriasis. In spite of many encouraging studies in recent years, the fields of the routinely therapeutical application of calcitriol or vitamin D analogs in dermatology (e.g. treatment of immunological, inflammatory, malignancies and infectious skin diseases) have not been intensified. Why is that?     

蛋白质组学在皮肤科的研究进展

蛋白质组学是研究细胞内所有蛋白质及其动态变化规律的科学,近年来它被广泛应用于生命科学的各个领域.二维聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法(2D PAGE)是蛋白质组学核心技术.就蛋白质组学在皮肤病学基础研究和临床皮肤病中的应用进行综述.     

A new strategy of delayed long-term prophylaxis could prevent cytomegalovirus disease in (D+/R−) solid organ transplant recipients

Abstract:  Long-term prophylaxis against cytomegalovirus (CMV) started immediately after transplantation in (D+/R−) poses a higher risk of late-onset CMV disease. Delayed CMV prophylaxis could allow a transitory exposure of the immune system to CMV, which would let the immune system mount an adequate CMV-specific cytotoxic response in (D+/R−) patients and confer protection against CMV disease. We included all (D+/R−) solid organ transplant recipients (SOT) performed at our institution (January 3/October 6) who received CMV prophylaxis (mainly with oral valganciclovir) during 100 d. In the first period (until December 4), prophylaxis was initiated immediately after transplantation (conventional prophylaxis: CP). Since January 5, it was initiated after 14 d (delayed prophylaxis: DP). Incidence and severity of CMV disease was compared between both groups. A total of 44 SOT recipients were included (CP: 26 and DP: 18). CMV disease was diagnosed in eight patients (18%), seven of 26 (27%) in the CP group, and one of 18 (5.5%) in the DP group (p = 0.07). CMV colitis was reported in five of 26 patients in the CP group (19%), whereas there were no cases of visceral CMV disease in the DP group (p = 0.048). A 14-d delay in the beginning of long-term prophylaxis against CMV in (D+/R−) is safe and could prevent the onset of late-CMV disease.     

Identification of differentially expressed proteins in human stage I lung adenocarcinoma and tumor-adjacent tissues with two-dimension gel electrophoresis profiling

Objective： The aim of this study was to establish reproducible two-dimensional electrophoretic assay used for profiling and identification of differentially expressed proteins in human stage I lung adenocarcinoma and paired normal tumor-adjacent tissue. Methods： The proteins from 12 human stage I lung adenocarcinoma tissues and normal tumor-adjacent tissues were separated using isoelectric focusing electrophoresis （the first dimension） and the subsequent homogeneous SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （SDS-PAGE） （the second dimension）. The differentially expressed proteins were determined with PDQuest image analysis software, and identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry （MALDI-TOF-MS） and database searching. Results： The well-reproducible 2-DE gel patterns of human stage I lung adenocarcinoma and normal tumor-adjacent tissues were profiled and 26 differentially expressed proteins uncovered. Nine of these 26 protein spots were cut out from the preparation gels and determined with MALDI-TOF-MS. Searching against the protein database, four candidate proteins were identified. They were 60S acidic ribosomal protein P2, Cathepsin B1, Apolipoprotein A-I precursor, and La 4.1 protein. Conclusion： In this study, high reproducible 2-DE gel protein images of human stage I lung adenocarcinoma and paired normal tumor-adjacent tissues were achieved successfully, and 4 differentially expressed proteins were revealed. These data will be helpful for screen of early biomarker and study of molecular mechanisms of human lung adenocarcinoma.     

Calcium absorption following small bowel resection in man. Evidence for an adaptive response

Seventeen patients who had undergone extensive small bowel resection were studied for calcium absorption (FACa) and plasma vitamin D metabolites. FACa was measured by a double radio-tracer technique and expressed as percentage of total oral dose. FACa was decreased compared with controls (34%, range: 3-46 v 65%, range: 57-73, P less than 0.01). A positive correlation (r = 0.49, P = 0.05) was found between FACa and the remaining length of small bowel (SBL). As wide variations in both SBL and duration after surgery were observed among the seventeen investigated patients, we were led to individualize less heterogeneous subgroups of patients. Better correlations were found when the patients were divided into two subgroups according to whether the time interval between the resection and the investigation was shorter (r = 0.75, n = 11, P less than 0.02) or longer (r = 0.89, n = 6, P = 0.05) than 2 years. In thirteen patients who had a SBL shorter than 100 cm, a positive correlation was observed between FACa and the time interval after surgery (months): r = 0.65, P less than 0.05. Plasma 1,25 (OH)2D was markedly reduced in the whole group (31 pmol l-1, range: 8-108) compared with controls (103 pmol-1, range: 59-134, P less than 0.01). The present study shows that in extensively small bowel resected patients, calcium absorption is reduced, the alteration being dependent both on the length of the remnant small bowel and on the time after surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Increased plasma cathepsin D concentration in hepatic carcinoma and cirrhosis but not in breast cancer

Using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunoassay, plasma total cathepsin D concentration was assayed in 40 breast cancer patients and 84 patients with various liver diseases and compared to that of 52 normal subjects. There were no significant variations found in breast cancer patients related to tumor size, node invasiveness or metastases. In normal women, cathepsin D levels were slightly but not significantly increased in the luteal phase and in pregnancy. By contrast, plasma cathepsin D concentration was significantly increased in 70-75% of patients with liver disease (cirrhosis, hepatocarcinoma, hepatitis), but not in those with liver steatosis. Cathepsin D was independent of most of the plasma hepatic function tests and was correlated with alpha-fetoprotein in cirrhosis and with alpha-fucosidase in primary hepatocellular carcinoma. We conclude that plasma cathepsin D is not a useful marker in breast cancer. However, since the cellular level of this protease is associated with risk of metastasis in breast cancer, clinical follow-up will be required to test whether high cathepsin D plasma concentration has any prognostic value in liver cirrhosis and primary hepatocarcinoma.     

胃肠道癌肿患者外周血CD4^＋CD25^＋FOXP3^＋调节性T细胞的表达及临床意义

目的：研究胃肠道癌肿患者外周血CD4^＋CD25^＋FOXP3^＋调节性T（Treg）细胞的表达，并探讨其临床意义。方法：通过免疫荧光术及流式细胞仪检测20例胃癌患者及20例结肠癌患者外周血CD4^＋CD25^＋FOXP3^＋Treg细胞、CD4^＋CD25^＋high Treg细胞、CD4^＋T细胞及CD4^＋ CTLA-4^＋T细胞。结果：胃癌组、结肠癌组与健康献血者比较外周血CD4^＋CD25^＋FOXP3^＋ Treg细胞、CD4^＋CD25^＋high Treg细胞及CD4^＋CTLA-4^＋T细胞显著增多，CD4^＋T细胞显著减少；胃癌、结肠癌患者之间其外周血中CD4^＋CD25^＋FOXP3^＋Treg细胞、CD4^＋CD25^＋high Treg细胞、CD4^＋T细胞及CD4^＋CTLA-4^＋T细胞无显著差异。结论：胃肠道癌肿患者外周血CD4^＋CD25^＋FOXP3^＋Treg细胞显著高于健康献血者，这可能与胃肠道癌肿患者的免疫抑制和肿瘤的进展相关。     

加减大黄廑虫丸抑制血管生成的实验研究

目的探讨加减大黄廑虫丸对血管生成的抑制作用。方法鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜（CAM）法检测加减大黄磨虫丸对血管生成的影响；采用MTS比色法观察不同浓度的加减大黄磨虫丸对血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）诱导的ECV-504细胞增殖的影响；Tran—swell小室检测不同浓度的加减大黄廑虫丸对ECV-304细胞移行的影响；Matrigel实验检测不同浓度的加减大黄磨虫丸对ECV-304细胞内皮管腔形成的影响。结果加减大黄磨虫丸中、低浓度组能够抑制鸡胚CAM血管生成；MTS比色法显示，0．05—0．20g/ml浓度的加减大黄鹰虫丸对VEGF诱导的ECV-304细胞增殖具有抑制作用，而更低和更高浓度的加减大黄廑虫丸则无抑制作用。Transwell小室实验显示，加减大黄廑虫丸浓度为0、12．5、25．0和50．0mg/ml时ECV-504细胞移行数分别为208．67±17．16、132．67±16．50、78．33±13．50和18．67±6．66；Matrigel实验显示，加减大黄磨虫丸浓度为0、12．5、25．0和50．0mg/ml时ECV-304细胞内皮管腔形成数分别为25．67±1．53、22．33±1．53、16．33±2．52和2．33±1．53，可见抑制细胞移行和管腔形成的作用随浓度增大而增强。结论加减大黄廑虫丸具有明显抑制血管生成的作用。     

Pin1和周期素D1在胰腺癌中的表达及其意义

目的:检测胰腺癌及癌旁组织中Pin1和周期素D1基因的表达,探讨Pin1在胰腺癌发病中所起的作用。方法:收集27例胰腺肿瘤组织及其相应的肿瘤旁组织标本,采用实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应法（RQ RT-PCR）检测胰腺良恶性肿瘤及肿瘤旁组织中Pin1和周期素D1 mRNA 的表达,运用Fisher精确概率分析两者之间的相关性及其与肿瘤临床分期和病理特征的关系。结果:7例胰腺囊腺瘤中周期素D1和Pin1的表达与肿瘤旁组织之间无显著性差异;而20例胰腺癌中周期素D1和Pin1的表达明显高于肿瘤旁组织［（2.78±1.02）vs.（4.36±1.27）和(5.48±1.69) vs. (9.97±1.86),P<0.05）］。Pin1和周期素D1与肿瘤的临床分期和病理分化程度无明显的相关（组间差异均为P>0.05）,但Pin1与周期素D1的表达有关（P<0.01）。 结论:胰腺癌中Pin1的过表达可促进周期素D1表达,由此诱导了肿瘤的发生;Pin1可能在胰腺癌中起着重要作用。