纳米心包片的研究进展

<正>心血管疾病已成为危害人类健康的主要疾病,尤其是先天性心血管畸形、心血管缺损性疾病。目前最常用的外科治疗手段为补片修补术。同种或异种、自体或人造织物补片、合成型或生物型等材料都在心血管外科手术中得到了广泛的应用。但临床上应用的心包片存在诸多问题,如自体心包取材受限且心包较薄弱、涤纶补片在生理盐水或血液浸润后弹性下降、易漏血、术后较易引起溶血、细菌或真菌的感染     

非洛地平缓释片在中国高血压患者治疗中的应用

BACKGROUND: Felodipine sustained-release tablets are taken orally once daily, which not only exhibit a flat plasma-concentration curve, but also have characteristics of stable effect-acting, good absorption in vivo, high bioavailability and good compliance. OBJECTIVE: To introduce the application status of felodipine sustained-release tablets in the hypertensive treatment of China. METHODS: A computer-based research of CNKI database was performed for literatures published from January 1, 2005 to July 1, 2016. Using the keywords of “felodipine sustained-release tablets, hepertension”, 174 articles were retrieved; and when retrieving “felodipine sustained-release tablets, materials”, 22 were obtained. Thirty literatures were enrolled finally for analysis according to the exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Felodipine sustained-release tablets have been popularized to the hypertensive treatment in our country, and obtain satisfactory treatment outcomes for mild and moderate spontaneous hepertension, which are similar with those of the nifedipine sustained-release tablets, metoprolol sustained-release tablets and benazepril hydrochloride tablets. Felodipine sustained-release tablets also induce slight adverse reactions, such as headache, flush, palpation and swelling of ankles. For patients with hypertension cannot be alleviated through single use of felodipine sustained-release tablets, combination with other types of antihypertensive drugs including beta blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and diuretics is advisable. Compound felodipine sustained-release tablets have been used in clinic, and numerous multicenter, double-blind, randomized control trials have proved its effectiveness and safety. Therefore, compound felodipine sustained-release tablets are another choice when single treatment shows no improvement on patients with spontaneous hypertension.       

纯钛表面淫羊藿苷/TiO2纳米管复合涂层制备与药物早期释放的分析

BACKGROUND: The surface modification of pure titanium has become a hotspot for research on improving the early implant-osseointegration ability. OBJECTIVE: To construct the icariin/TiO₂ nanotube composite coating, and to explore its drug-loading rate and early drug-release kinetics. METHODS: Pure titanium was anodized to obtain TiO₂ nanotube. Thereafter, the pure titanium and TiO₂ nanotube were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and contact angle instrument. Icariin was loaded onto the pure titanium and TiO₂ nanotube by immersion method. Afterwards, the early drug-releasing amount of the two materials was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Accumulated release and accumulated drug-release percentage curves were drawn. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The diameter of TiO₂ nanotube was 80 nm, and the roughness of TiO₂ nanotube was significantly higher than that of pure titanium (P < 0.05), but the contact angle was significantly lower than that of pure titanium (P < 0.05). Moreover, compared with the icariin/pure titanium group, the icariin/TiO₂ nanotube group had obviously higher accumulated drug-releasing amount at former 14 days and accumulated drug-releasing carve at former 4 hours. The accumulated drug-releasing percentage curve in the icariin/TiO₂ nanotube group was flatter than that in the icariin/pure titanium group, suggesting a longer release time. To conclude, the icariin/TiO₂ nanotube composite coating has a higher drug, loading and exerts better sustained-release effect.     

牙周局部缓释药物治疗牙周炎的研究进展

目的：对牙周局部缓释抗菌药物治疗牙周炎的最新进展作一综述。方法：从常用抗菌药物、缓释材料和市场产品进展三大方面对药物的作用机制和临床治疗效果进行综述。结果：与全身给药相比,牙周局部缓释抗菌药物辅助治疗牙周炎可以使牙周袋内有较高的药物浓度并且维持较长时间,该治疗方法毒副作用小、靶向性好。并且缓释材料对能否成功的研制一种理想的缓释制剂来说至关重要。结论：随着抗菌药物和缓释材料的发展和应用,将会有更多安全、有效、稳定性好的新型牙周局部缓释产品上市,以应用于牙周炎治疗中。     

苦参碱缓释微球的制备及体外释药研究

目的：制备苦参碱缓释微球并考察其体外释放度。方法：采用正交试验设计,优选处方,乳化-固化法制备苦参碱微球,对其包封率、形态、粒径及体外释药性质进行了研究。结果：苦参碱白蛋白微球平均粒径为12.64 μm,大小均匀。平均包封率为79.60%±0.98%。体外释放符合零级方程,t_1/2为46.8 h。结论：苦参碱缓释微球制备方法简便,缓释效果好。     

新型利福平缓释植入支架材料的制备及体内缓释分析

目的制备一种可局部植入的具有良好的药物缓释以及成骨性能的新型材料并验证其缓释性能和生物安全性。方法使
用乳化溶媒挥发法制备利福平-聚乳酸羟基乙酸共聚物载药微球并将其与带负电荷硫酸钙/β-磷酸三钙复合骨水泥结合制备成
一种新型的复合抗结核支架材料。分别观察微球以及复合支架材料的体外缓释性能。通过在成年雄性SD大鼠的肌袋模型中
植入复合抗结核支架材料来观察不同时间点的局部药物浓度以及血药浓度,通过血生化指标以及肝脏病理组织切片评价复合
抗结核支架材料的体内安全性。结果利福平/聚乳酸羟基乙酸共聚物载药微球的包封率和载药率分别为（56.05±5.33）%和
（29.80±2.88）%。在第28天微球和复合支架材料的体外累积释放率分别为（94.19±5.40）%和（82.23±6.28）%。局部植入抗结核
复合支架材料后药物缓释效果令人满意,在术后第28天局部药物浓度仍可达到（16.18±0.35）μg/g。血浆生化指标提示局部植
入抗结核复合支架材料后会出现一过性肝损伤,肝脏病理切片的结果显示在第28天肝损伤基本得到完全修复。结论利福平-
聚乳酸羟基乙酸共聚物载药微球-带负电荷硫酸钙/β-磷酸三钙复合骨水泥作为一种新型的抗结核局部植入物,具有良好的缓释
效果以及生物相容性,能弥补传统抗结核疗法局部药物浓度过低的不足。
     

左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统预防子宫内膜息肉复发的疗效观察

目的:观察宫腔镜下息肉摘除术联合左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统治疗子宫内膜息肉的疗效,探讨预防子宫内膜息肉复发的治疗方案.方法:选取经宫腔镜检查并经术后病理证实为子宫内膜息肉的患者102例,随机分为3组,研究组①32例,宫腔镜下内膜息肉摘除术后放置左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统;研究组②41例,宫腔镜下内膜息肉摘除术后于月经后半周期口服黄体酮10天;对照组29例,宫腔镜下内膜息肉摘除术后无任何处置.比较3组患者6个月后子宫内膜厚度及子宫内膜息肉复发率.结果:与对照组比较,研究组①、研究组②子宫内膜息肉复发率较低(P＜0.05),内膜变薄(P＜0.05);研究组①与研究组②子宫内膜息肉复发率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但治疗后内膜厚度比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:宫腔镜下息肉摘除术联合左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统能有效预防子宫内膜息肉复发.     

布洛芬缓释凝胶治疗慢性牙周炎患者68例临床分析

目的探求布洛芬改进剂型通过缓释凝胶对慢性牙周炎的疗效作用。方法聚乳酸一乙醇酸共聚物(PLGA)是缓释布洛芬缓释凝胶的基础辅料,在体外布洛芬缓释凝胶的释放程度通过紫外分光光度法来具体检测。研究对象为该院于2012年1月—2013年2月进行治疗的慢性牙周炎患者68例共136颗患牙,选取每位患者口腔内病况相近的2颗患牙作为自身对照,即为对照组和实验组。药物注射前仔细完成牙周洁刮治及根面平整,实验组将实验药物缓慢注射入牙周袋内,两周内每周一次;对照组仅仅进行药物注射的前段操作。截取三个时间点分别为基线、药物治疗第二周和第四周,仔细观察患者患牙局部症状的改变、龈沟出血指数、牙周袋探诊深度及附着丧失程度4个指标的变化。将两组结果详细对比并进行统计学处理。结果在布洛芬缓释凝胶影响下,两组描绘牙周炎患牙改善情况的4个临床监测指标有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论通过监测结果观察布洛芬缓释凝胶对慢性牙周炎的治疗有着积极的作用,能控制病情蔓延,改进不良症状,减少组织损伤,具有极好的临床推广价值。     

葛根素纳米结构脂质载体的制备及理化性质考察

目的:制备用于脑靶向给药的葛根素纳米结构脂质载体(Pue-NLC)并考察其理化性质.方法:采用乳化-超声分散法制备Pue-NLC;以包封率为指标,通过正交试验考察固体脂质材料用量、豆磷脂与泊洛沙姆-188的比例、脂质材料与乳化剂的比例及药物用量对处方工艺的影响,确定最佳制备工艺;通过透射电镜观察粒子形态,分别用Zeta电位及粒度分析仪测定表面电位和粒径,离心超滤法测定包封率,透析法考察其体外释药特性,HPLC测定葛根素含量.结果:最佳制备工艺为脂质材料用量400 mg,豆磷脂与泊洛沙姆-188的比例1:3,脂质材料与乳化剂的比例为1:2,药物用量10 mg.制备的Pue-NLC外形呈类圆球状,粒径分布均匀,平均粒径(89±7)nm,包封率(91.33±1.2)％,平均Zeta电位(-22±0.4)mV;Pue-NLC中葛根素在24 h累积释放率69.25％,且无突释效应.结论:采用乳化-超声分散法制备的Pue-NLC粒径大小分布均匀,药物包封率高,具有明显的缓释效果.     

红景天苷壳聚糖纳米粒的制备及其体外释放性能研究

目的 以壳聚糖为载体制备红景天苷壳聚糖纳米粒(SA-CS-NPs),并考察其体外释药特性.方法 采用溶剂扩散-离子交联法制备SA-CS-NPs,考察其粒径分布和形态,并对SA-CS-NPs的包封率、载药量及其体外释药特性进行研究.结果 所制得的SA-CS-NPs呈球形或类球形,平均粒径为(247.5±23.8) nm(n=3),Zeta电位为(23.4±2.7) mV(n=3),多分散指数(PDI)为0.265±0.071(n=3);平均包封率为(70.15±1.60)％,平均载药量为(14.03±0.32)％(n=3);24h累积释放率达85％以上.结论 溶剂扩散-离子交联法制备SA-CS-NPs具有合适的粒径和包封率,并能达到缓释效果.