β－萝卜素拮抗HgCl_2致小鼠微核作用的研究

本文应用微核试验方法对β－胡萝卜素拮抗ＨｇＣｌ_２致小鼠骨髓多染红细胞的微核作用进行研究，结果表明：（１）β－胡萝卜素５ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重及以上剂量时可显著地降低ＨｇＣｌ_２ｌ．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重的致小鼠微核作用（Ｐ＜０．００１）；（２）β－胡萝卜素在ＨｇＣｌ２染毒前４ｈ内和染毒后２ｈ内给予小鼠时，均有明显地拮抗致微核作用（Ｐ＜０．００５和Ｐ＜０．００１）；（３）隔日给小鼠β－胡萝卜素２．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重一个月后也可明显地减少ＨｇＣｌ_２的致微核作用（Ｐ＜０．００１）.     

ZnSO4拮抗HgCl2的致小鼠微核作用

本文报道给小白鼠在正常饮食以外,每日补充ZnSO_410.7μmol/kg,6天以上,对HgCl_23.68μmol/kg所致的胸骨微核有显著的拮抗作用。而仅补一次,即ZnSO_4与HgCl_2同时给或先补ZnSO_424h后再给HgCl_2,则拮抗作用不明显,给ZnSO_4的剂量高达61.9μmol/kg,小鼠无致微核作用。而给HgCl_21.84μmol/kg以上,有明显致微核作用。     

二巯基丙磺酸钠对氯化汞中毒大鼠肾脏基因表达的影响

[目的]运用基因芯片技术分析二巯基丙磺酸钠（DMPS）驱汞治疗对肾脏基因表达的影响,为进一步研究无机汞肾损伤及治疗的分子机制提供理论依据。[方法]健康雄性SD大鼠30只,随机分成3组,每组10只,阳性对照组和治疗组大鼠皮下注射氯化汞溶液建立亚慢性汞中毒肾脏损伤大鼠模型,阴性对照组大鼠皮下注射0．9％NaCl注射液,模型建好后治疗组大鼠肌肉注射DMPS驱汞治疗,阴性对照组和阳性对照组大鼠肌肉注射0．9％NaCl注射液,治疗结束后用基因芯片方法筛选大鼠肾脏差异表达基因,并用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT—PCR）方法验证部分差异表达基因。[结果]阳性对照组与阴性对照组比较筛选出差异基因385个;治疗组与阴性对照组比较筛查出差异基因183个;治疗组与阳性对照组比较筛查出差异基因223个。DMPS治疗有效基因中明显差异表达基因23个,其功能涉及毒物、异物代谢,氧化应激应答,炎症应答,转录调节,离子转运和信号转导,细胞增殖与凋亡,胶原纤维、软骨的形成,神经递质代谢,糖类、脂类、氨基酸代谢等方面,并得到RT-PCR方法的验证。[结论]DMPS驱汞治疗可使汞中毒肾脏损伤差异基因得到明显恢复,这些明显恢复的基因可能在汞中毒肾脏损伤的发生和DMPS治疗中发挥重要作用。     

两种化学毒物对小鼠精子染色体畸变及其受精卵发育的影响

分别用醋酸铅（１ｍｇ／ｋｇ·ｗｔ）和氯化汞（０．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ·ｗｔ）给雄性性成熟昆明种小鼠染毒，共染毒７０天，然后用染毒雄性小鼠与非染毒雌性小鼠交配，取受精卵观察卵发育状况并制备受精卵染色体．结果表明，醋酸铅染毒组（２６．８％）和氯化汞染毒组（３６．４％）受精卵发育异常率，均明显高于非染毒组（１３．３％），Ｐ＜０．０１，两组精子染色体数目异常率（１１．９８％和１０．８０％）也高于非染毒组（８．６３％），但无统计学差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）．     

维生素C干扰血糖测定的探讨

维生素C(以下简称Vc)干扰血糖测定,造成测定值的负偏差。当血液中Vc达到一定浓度时,可以使血糖测定的反应不显色,测定结果为零,甚至出现负值。用氯化汞(HgCl2)络合Vc,将络合物离心沉淀,用上清测血糖。经反复试验,从反应条件到试剂用量,总结出一套较完善的测定方法。由于氯化汞用量甚微,加入量对原血清的稀释作用可忽略不计。由该方法测定经氯化汞络合Vc后的血糖值,与加Vc前的原始血糖值无显著性差异,而且该方法具有简便、快速、准确等优点,能为临床一部分特殊病人的诊断、治疗提供可靠依据。     

The Distribution of HgCl2 in Rat Body and Its Effects on Fetus

Both female and male Wistar ats were divided into 3 groups according to their body weights.The two test groups were given 75μg/ml and 7.5μg/ml HgCl2 respectively,via drinking water,while the control group was given distilled water.Animals were mated ater the male rats wer treated for 12 weeks and female rats for 2 weeks.Blood samples from rats were taken on the 18th day of the pregnancy and the results showed that the HgCl2 was absorbed and stored in the blood in the form of inorganic mercury.The greatest amount of HgCl2 was found in the kidney.The placenta and the testis also had high mercury deposits.Fetuses showed low levels of HgCl2,thus,the placenta appears to serve as a barrier against HgCl2.No pathological changes were observed in the placenta,ovary,liver,and kidney in the female rats,but the epithelial cells of the renal proximal convoluted tubules were cloudy and swelling.The renal corpuscle showed no changes in the male rats.Phatological examination showed that a portion of the seiminiferous epithelia were falling off,and the number of sperm released by the male rats was reduced.Examination by electron microscopy revealed that particulate fat was increased in sperm cells,which suggests that spermatozoa had been degenerated and were possibly one of the causes afor the decreased rates of pregnancy in the exposed groups.No malformation of organs and bones in the rat fetuses were observed.     

抢救大剂量氯化钡和氯化汞急性中毒1例

介绍1例急性氯化汞(HgCl2)和氯化钡(BaCl2)中毒患者的救治体会如下. 1临床资料 患者男性,23岁,服HgCl2和BaCl2各约5 g后出现恶心、呕吐,伴乏力、面部及四肢麻木、口咽部烧灼感,30 min后到吉林省人民医院洗胃,为进一步诊治2h后来本院.既往体健,入院查体:血压135/85 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),呼吸频率18次/min,双肺呼吸音粗,可闻及散在湿啰音,心率95次/min,律整,腹软,无压痛,四肢肌力0级,病理反射未引出.     

佐太、β-HgS、HgCl_2对PC12细胞活性和凋亡相关基因表达影响的比较

目的比较佐太、β-HgS、HgCl_2对PC12细胞活性和凋亡相关基因表达的影响。方法 MTT法测定3种药物对细胞活性的影响,实时荧光定量PCR法检测Bax、Bak、Bcl2、Fas、FasL表达。结果 0.250 g/L佐太作用2 h后细胞活性下降约10%,等汞量β-HgS使其下降12%左右,而含汞量只有佐太1/10的HgCl_2却导致其下降约70%;佐太降低Bax、Bak、Bcl-2、FasL表达,β-HgS降低Bax、Bak、Fas、FasL表达,HgCl_2降低Bcl-2表达而增加Fas、FasL表达。结论佐太、β-HgS对PC12细胞的毒性远小于HgCl_2,两者可能对细胞中线粒体凋亡通路的激活有抑制作用,而HgCl_2可能通过激活死亡受体通路诱导细胞凋亡。     

氯化汞对雄性果蝇生殖细胞致突变性的研究

本文应用黑腹果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)性连锁隐性致死(Sex Linked Recessive Lethal,SLRL)试验检测了氯化汞(HgCl_2)对雄性果蝇生殖细胞的致突变性,结果表明:1—2d龄的Oregon-K雄蝇用0.1％HgCl_2喂饲染毒24h后,其子2代的突变率为0.9％。0.2％HgCl_2喂饲染毒的突变率为1.38％。高、低剂量组的突变率均超过自然突变率(0.26％)2倍余,并呈剂量一效应关系,用Kastenbaum-Bowmon(KB)检验方法进行统计学分析,试验组与阴性对照组的突变率差异非常显著(P<0.01)。说明氯化汞可诱发雄性果蝇生殖细胞染色体基因发生突变,即具有致突变作用。但氯化汞对果蝇生殖细胞不同发育阶段(精母细胞、精细胞、成熟精子)所致突变率差异无显著性。