腹腔镜阑尾切除术治疗小儿阑尾炎术后感染研究

目的探究开腹与腹腔镜阑尾切除术治疗小儿阑尾炎术后感染及对血清炎症因子、免疫功能及T淋巴细胞亚型的影响。方法选取2013年1月-2016年12月医院收治的200例小儿阑尾炎患儿作为研究对象,按照手术类型分为开腹切除组和腹腔镜切除组,每组100例;统计两组患儿的手术指标;术后出现切口感染、腹腔脓肿及粘连性肠梗阻的概率;血清炎症因子及可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(sICAM-1)的含量;统计两组患儿手术前及术后1周外周血中的白细胞(WBC)数目、中性粒细胞(N)数目及淋巴细胞(L)数目及CD_4~+、CD_8~+T细胞的比例。结果与开腹切除组患儿相比,腹腔镜切除组患儿的术后排气时间、抗菌药物使用时间及住院时间减少;术后发生切口感染、腹腔脓肿及粘连性肠梗阻的比例均减少(P<0.05);手术后1周,腹腔镜切除组患儿血清中炎症因子水平降低(P<0.05);sICAM-1含量显著降低(P<0.05);CD_4~+T细胞百分比及CD_4~+/CD_8~+增加(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜切除术治疗小儿阑尾炎具有良好的临床效果,术后并发症较少且恢复较快,能够显著改善患儿术后炎症因子、免疫功能及T淋巴细胞亚型。     

保留自主呼吸非插管单孔胸腔镜手术的临床应用

目的探讨保留自主呼吸非插管单孔胸腔镜治疗胸部疾病的可行性及安全性。方法回顾性分析2018-01—2018-10间应用非气管插管保留自主呼吸麻醉下单孔胸腔镜手术治疗的24例胸部疾病患者的临床资料。结果 24例患者在非气管插管保留自主呼吸麻醉下应用单孔胸腔镜行手术治疗,无中转紧急插管或增加辅助切口。其中,自发性气胸20例,肺结核球1例,肺炎性假瘤2例,胸腺瘤1例。手术时间25～60 min,平均35.5 min。失血量10～50 mL,平均20.2 mL。胸腔闭式引流管引流时间1～4 d,平均2.5 d。术后随访5～12个月,无复发及其他并发症。结论非气管插管保留自主呼吸麻醉下单孔胸腔镜手术治疗胸部疾病,简单易行,安全可靠。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

肝细胞癌TACE术后病灶存活或复发18F-FDGPET/CT和增强CT诊断价值Meta分析

目的采用Meta分析方法评价¹⁸F-脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射计算机体层摄影(¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT)和增强CT(CECT)诊断经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)术后存活或复发病灶的临床价值。方法根据PRISMA报告规范开展Meta分析。检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国知网、万方和维普数据库中¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT和CECT诊断TACE术后存活或复发病灶的临床研究,时间至2019-04。由2位研究人员独立筛选文献、提取资料,根据诊断准确性研究质量评价工具-2(QUADAS-2)评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,采用Stata 12.0软件进行Meta分析,计算其汇总敏感度(Sen)和特异度(Spe),绘制受试者工作特征曲线(SROC)并计算曲线下面积(AUC)。结果共纳入10篇¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT及13篇CECT诊断TACE术后存活或复发病灶的原始研究,分别包括322例患者的467个病灶和748例患者的943个病灶。Meta分析显示,¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT诊断TACE术后存活或复发病灶的Sen=0.92(95%CI为0.87~0.94)、Spe=0.95(95%CI为0.82~0.99)、AUC=0.97(95%CI为0.93~0.99);CECT诊断TACE术后存活或复发病灶的Sen=0.72(95%CI为0.66~0.78)、Spe=0.99(95%CI为0.93~1.00)、AUC=0.87(95%CI为0.83~0.89)。此外,CECT诊断TACE术后存活或复发Sen(Z=2.34,P=0.02)和AUC(Z=2.21,P=0.03)值低于¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT,差异有统计学意义。结论相比于CECT,¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT对TACE术后存活或复发病灶具有较高诊断效能,可视为TACE术后存活或复发病灶有效的影像学诊断方法。     

右美托咪定对全身麻醉老年患者术后苏醒期躁动及认知功能的影响

目的观察右美托咪定对全身麻醉老年患者术后苏醒期躁动及认知功能的影响。方法随机将64例全身麻醉下实施择期下腹部手术的老年患者分为2组,每组32例。观察组麻醉诱导前静脉微泵输注右美托咪定(1.0μg/kg),对照组给予等容量生理盐水。比较2组术后自主呼吸恢复时间、苏醒时间、苏醒期躁动发生率及手术前后的认知功能(MMSE)评分。结果 2组术前MMSE评分及术后自主呼吸恢复的时间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组术后苏醒时间短于对照组,苏醒期躁动发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后12 h及48 h,2组MMSE评分均较术前显著降低,但对照组的MMSE评分显著低于观察组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论右美托咪定用于全身麻醉老年患者,可降低苏醒期躁动发生率,提高苏醒质量和改善认知功能。