大气污染对儿童非特异免疫功能影响的研究

目的：探讨天津市工业区大气污染对儿童非特异性免疫功能的影响。为大气环境综合治理提供卫生学依据。方法;把天津市某工业区和为污染区与对照区进行了环境流行病学调查。调查对象为７～１２岁学龄儿童。结果 工业污染区为ＳＯ２,ＮＯｘ,ＴｓＰ,ＣＯ超标率分别达５５．５５％,３４．４５％,９３．７８％,３２．２５％,分别是对照区的４．５５倍,４．１５倍,１．３０倍,１．５３倍。污染儿童非特异性免疫指标唾液菌酶活性     

大气污染与儿童急性中耳炎、急性扁桃体炎就诊人数的相关性调查

目的探讨空气污染与解放军第306医院儿童急性中耳炎、急性扁桃体炎就诊人数之间的相关性。方法收集2015年1月1日-2015年12月31日期间该院所有儿童急性中耳炎、急性扁桃体炎的门诊与急诊病例及此期间的空气质量指数(air quality index,AQI)及6项大气污染物空气质量指标(由北京市环境监测中心提供),并进行相关性分析。结果儿童急性中耳炎、急性扁桃体炎与PM2.5、PM10、SO_2、CO、NO_2间具有相关性。对于全年数据分析儿童急性中耳炎相关性以SO_2、CO、NO_2较明显,对于儿童急性扁桃体炎相关性以CO、PM10、NO_2、PM2.5较明显。结论冬春季儿童急性中耳炎、急性扁桃体炎日就诊人数与AQI、PM2.5、SO_2、CO、NO_2的相关性远高于夏秋季,以累积3日相关性最好,从而推测大气污染与两种疾病的发生密切相关。     

农民炼汞所致大气汞污染和汞中毒

The article reports the results of the investigation on atmospheric pollution and mercury poisoning caused by the peasants mercury smelting. Mercury-smelting is a sideline occupation of the peasants in the mining area. They carried out the production in their homes, which were not protected. The equipment used was simple and the technological level low. Much was done during the slack seasons in farming. Before mercury-smelting was carried out the mercury concentration of air inside the house of the key household was 0.099 2 mg/m3, and outside 0.060 9 mg/m3. During mercury-smelting, near the stove, inside the house of the key household and the next door neighbour the concentrations were high, reaching 0.6463, 0.3160, 0.1717 mg/m3 respectively. At 10m, 30m, 100m, from the stove the figures were 0.0628, 0.0377 and 0.0079 mg/m3 respectively. 126 persons in 36 key households and their neighbours were given physical examinations and the incidence of chronic mercury poisoning of the operators, family members and their neighbours' family members were 75.00%, 13.79%, 3.57%, the mercury absorptivity were 12.50%, 34.48% and 21.43%, while the concentrations of mercury in the urine were 59.18, 18.21, 9.62 micrograms/L respectively. The mercury absorptivity of children under 15 was high 45.45%. The youngest age that absorbed mercury was 3. The characteristics of the harm that the peasants mercury smelting caused were discussed and suggestions proposed for their remedy.     

大气污染是如伺影响人体健康的

大气中主要的污染物，概括起来可分为两类，即颗粒状污染物和有害气体。 悬浮颗粒物污染 空气中可自然沉降的颗粒物称降尘，而悬浮在空气中的粒径小于100微米的颗粒物通称悬浮颗粒物，其中粒径小于10微米的称可吸入颗粒物。     

大气污染与儿童哮喘研究方法进展

哮喘是儿童最常见的慢性病。环境因素被认为是导致儿童哮喘患病率急剧增加的危险因素,有关大气污染与儿童哮喘的研究正在世界范围内广泛开展。该文从大气污染暴露评估、研究设计类型、采用的统计学分析方法及研究结局四方面对大气污染与儿童哮喘相关研究的现状进行综述,并提出建议和展望。     

远离肺癌帮凶

中国已经迈入老龄化社会，60岁以上人口超过了2亿，占全部人口14％以上。伴随着城市现代化、农村城市化、乡镇工业化进程加快，工业排放污染、建筑和道路扬尘、冬季燃煤取暖和机动车尾气排放等造成的室外大气污染和环境污染日趋严重。PM2．5和雾霾这两个词汇已经被成千上万个家庭所熟悉。     

世界卫生组织机构首次认定“大气污染致癌”

据新华网报道,世界卫生组织下属国际癌症研究机构于2013年10月17日发布报告,首次指认大气污染"对人类致癌",并视其为普遍和主要的环境致癌物。专家认为,量化到每个人,大气污染致癌概率不高,但危害在于几乎难以完全避免这种可能。这份报告向国际社会传递一个强烈信号,即迫切需要采取有效措施,减少影响人们工作和生活的大气污染。     

太原市大气污染物浓度对孕期睡眠质量的影响

目的 分析太原市大气污染物浓度对孕妇孕期发生睡眠障碍的影响。方法 采用方便抽样方法，于2018年8月—2020年1月在太原市某医院门诊进行产检的孕妇548人，运用匹兹堡睡眠质量量表评估孕期睡眠情况，并记录同期太原市大气污染物暴露情况。将污染物浓度暴露时点分为5个：纳入研究当天、纳入研究前1周(滞后7 d)、前2周(滞后14 d)、前3周(滞后21 d)和前4周(滞后28 d)。采用两组间的单因素分析(Mann-Whitney U检验和χ²检验)和二元logistic回归分析大气污染物对孕期睡眠质量的影响。结果太原市孕妇的睡眠障碍检出率51.82%。睡眠障碍组孕妇在各时点大气污染物暴露浓度普遍高于非睡眠障碍组孕妇。PM_2.5与睡眠质量(r_s=0.091,P<0.05)和睡眠障碍(rs=0.126,P<0.01)成正相关。二元logistic回归分析结果显示，滞后28 d时的PM_2.5暴露水平是孕妇孕期发生睡眠障碍的危险因素(OR=1.03,95%CI:1.01～1.05)。结论 大气污染物...