高血压防治进展(第三讲)

现代高血压治疗的主要措施有2种：药物治疗和非药物治疗。非药物治疗中最重要的方法是改变（不良）生活方式（lifestyle modification，LM）。现今所有权威性的高血压防治指南均推荐LM作为预防和治疗高血压的重要措施或一线治疗。各指南推荐的LM措施十分相似，主要包括以下6个方面：1．成人保持正常体重[体重指数（BMI）（18．5～24．9）kg／m^2]；     

创伤性浮膝伴血管损伤的早期诊治

目的 探讨创伤性浮膝同时伴同侧血管损伤患者的早期诊断及救治.方法 总结1996年6月～2002年12月收治28例30个浮膝的手术固定方法、血管修复情况及术后治疗和恢复情况.结果 术后伤口一期愈合5例,17例伤口二期行植皮修复,4例胫前骨折部外露二期行皮瓣转移术,截肢2例,保肢成功率92.9%.术后26例经18个月～8年随访,骨折均愈合,下肢功能恢复优良率64.3%.结论 对浮膝损伤患者应高度重视伴有血管损伤可能,早期作出诊断,积极合理治疗,对患者预后至关重要.     

抗菌药物临床应用指导原则（3）各类抗菌药物的适应证和注意事项

1 青霉素类抗生素。本类药物可分为：(1)主要作用于革兰阳性细菌的药物，如青霉素(G)、普鲁卡因青霉素、苄星青霉素、青霉素V(苯氧甲基青霉素)。(2)耐青霉素酶青霉素，如甲氧西林(现仅用于药敏试验)、苯唑西林、氯唑西林等。(3)广谱青霉素．抗菌谱除革兰阳性菌外，还包括：①对部分肠杆菌科细菌有抗菌活性者，如氨苄西林、阿莫西林；②对多数革兰阴性杆菌包括铜绿假单胞菌具抗菌活性者，如哌拉西林、阿洛西林、美洛西林。     

心理干预对抑郁症患者IVF—ET的影响

随着不孕不育患者增多，体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF-ET）已成为不孕不育的有效治疗手段。Smeenk等采用多中心、大样本前瞻性研究证明除了已知的生物医学变量如年龄、不孕症持续时间、IVF治疗失败次数等作为影响受孕率的独立因素，心理因素同样影响IVF治疗结果。心理干预措施对心理因素能产生积极影响，     

Influence of moderate hypothermia on cerebral oxygenation in pigs with intracranial hypertension

BACKGROUND: Moderate hypothermia is one of the effective therapeutic methods for head injury in recent years, there are many mechanisms of moderate hypothermia for brain protection, and its influence on cerebral oxygenation is also one of them. OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of moderate hypothermia on cerebral oxygenation of animals with acute intracranial hypertension, and further investigate the protective mechanism of moderate hypothermia. DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital affiliated to the Medical College of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. MATERIALS: Twenty healthy little pigs, either male or female, weighing 4.5–5.5 kg, were used. Neurotrend-typed multiparameter monitoring system (Diametrics Company, British); CMA/100 micro-injection pump (Carnegie Company, Sweden). METHODS: The experiment was conducted in the Changzheng Hospital affiliated to the Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA in November, 2001. The pigs were randomized into two groups: the normothermia group (control group, n =10) and moderate hypothermia group (n =10). ① Bilateral femoral arteries were separated, one was connected to pressometer for monitoring mean arterial pressure (MEP), and the other for analysis of blood gases [including peripheral blood pH value, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), HCO3–]. ② Rectal temperature was monitored with mercurial thermometer. ③ Intracranial pressure was monitored using Camino optic ICP probe placed in the subdural space. ④ Neurotrend multiparameter monitoring sensor was inserted into the white matter for about 4 cm to determine cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP, CPP=MAP(ICP), brain tissue partial oxygen pressure (PO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), HCO3– and brain temperature. The rectal temperature of animals in the moderate hypothermia group was lowered to 34 ℃ using ice bags, and the body temperature was maintained at 33–35 ℃ for 2 hours. The changes of the parameters were observed continuously, and the pigs in the normothermia group were not treated with cooling. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① MAP, ICP, rectal temperature, CCP; Indexes of cerebral oxygenation detected with Neurotrend-typed multiparameter monitoring system; ② Results of blood gases analysis in the moderate hypothermia group. RESULTS: All the 20 pigs were involved in the analysis of results. ① MAP, ICP, rectal temperature, CCP and indexes of cerebral oxygenation: In the moderate hypothermia group, the ICP after cooling was obviously lower than that before cooling [(3.31±1.19), (5.33±0.95) kPa, P < 0.05], CCP was higher, brain tissue PCO2 [(12.03±1.73), (10.59±2.01) kPa, P < 0.05], and brain tissue pH value was higher [(7.03±1.63), (9.40±1.30) kPa, P < 0.05], whereas the brain temperature was decreased as compared with that before cooling [(34.9±0.3), (37.2±0.2) ℃, P < 0.05]. ② Results of blood gases analysis in the moderate hypothermia group: There were no significant differences in the parameters of peripheral arterial blood gases analysis before and after cooling in the moderate hypothermia group (P > 0.05) CONCLUSION: Moderate hypothermia will not impair the cerebral oxygenation, and it can reduce brain tissue CO2 and decrease brain tissue acidosis.     

瘘管原位游离后移肛门重建治疗无肛舟状窝瘘

无肛舟状窝瘘是女孩最常见的先天性肛门直肠畸形[1]。国内多行一期手术,手术方式多样[2,3]。我院1992年1月至2006年12月采用瘘管原位游离后移肛门重建治疗无     

仙人掌粉对糖尿病大鼠血糖的影响

目的　研究仙人掌对糖尿病血糖的影响。方法　采用四氧嘧啶造成大鼠实验性糖尿病模型 ,然后将高、中、低 3种剂量的仙人掌粉加入到基础饲料中进行实验观察。结果　仙人掌粉高 (10g kg·d)、中 (5 .0g kg·d)剂量组均可显著降低糖尿病大鼠空腹血糖 ,并且高剂量组具有显著改善糖尿病大鼠尿量增加的作用。各剂量组对正常大鼠血糖无明显影响。结论　仙人掌粉能有效降低四氧嘧啶所导致的糖尿病大鼠的血糖、尿量     

两种艾灸法对二肾一夹型高血压大鼠血压和血管内皮细胞内分泌功能的影响

目的:应用两种艾灸疗法治疗两肾一夹肾血管性高血压大鼠(2K1C-RHR),评价这两种艾灸疗法的降压作用,并对其降压机理作初步的探讨。方法:建立2K1C-RHR模型,并将其随机分为六组:灸法Ⅰ组(百会、神阙、足三里)、灸法Ⅱ组(关元、涌泉、足三里)、卡托普利组、灸法Ⅰ+卡托普利组、灸法Ⅱ+卡托普利组、高血压对照组,另设正常对照组。经过10天治疗后,测量血压,并测定血浆中内皮素(ET)、一氧化氮(NO)。结果:高血压对照组的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)明显高于正常对照组,各治疗组的SBP、DBP明显低于高血压对照组(P<0.01),各治疗组间则没有明显差异(P>0.05)。血浆NO含量各组间没有明显差异(P>0.05)。各治疗组与正常对照组的血浆中ET含量明显低于高血压对照组(P<0.01)。各治疗组ET/NO比值接近正常对照组(P>0.05)且明显低于高血压对照组(P>0.05)。结论:两种艾灸疗法有良好的降压作用,其降压机理与及纠正ET与NO的失衡状态有关。     

医院变压吸附式制氧设备的使用和管理

本文结合医院情况简述了变压吸附式制氧设备的安装质量控制、安全操作和维护保养,指出变压吸附式制氧是今后医院制氧方式的一个发展方向.