有限内固定结合石膏外固定治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折

1996年8月—2000年12月，我院采用有限内固定结合石膏外固定治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折36例，经随访观察，效果满意，现总结报告如下。     

Antegrade interlocking nailing of humeral shaft fractures

The results of 39 humeral shaft fractures (37 patients) treated with antegrade locked nailing using a Russell–Taylor nail were reviewed. There were 30 acute fractures, 6 fractures malaligned in a hanging cast or brace, and 3 pathological fractures. Patient age ranged from 26 to 80 years (average, 59.7 years) and average follow-up was 25.7 months (range, 6–48 months). Fracture union was achieved in 92.3% of our cases, while shoulder function was excellent or good in 87.2% of cases. Antegrade locked nailing offers a dependable solution for the treatment of humeral shaft fractures, especially in polytrauma patients and cases of segmental or pathological fractures. Far less satisfactory results were obtained in comminuted fractures of the proximal third in the humerus, especially in osteoporotic patients, and we therefore advocate caution with the use of intramedullary nailing in this type of fracture. Certain technical aspects such as avoiding nailing the fracture in distraction, properly countersinking the tip of the nail, and achieving adequate fixation stability have been found to be of paramount importance to reduce the incidence of delayed union/non-union rate and to obtain better functional results from the shoulder joint.     

钛板联合羟基磷灰石人工骨眼眶重建

目的：探讨应用钛板联合羟基磷灰石人工骨矫正眼眶骨折眼球内陷的手术方法和疗效。方法：根据术前CT诊断明确的14例14眼眼眶骨折患者，术中用钛钉、钛板将复位的眶缘骨折进行坚强内固定．重建正常的眶缘，然后用羟基磷灰石人工骨材料植入眼眶，以填补眶腔容积的缺损，同时修复重建眶壁。结果：术后随访3～36个月，CT水平和冠状位扫描复查，10例眼球内陷的患者中，8例获得矫正，2例仍存中度内陷；8例复视患者中，7例获得满意改善，1例无效。无植人物感染、移位和脱出，未见视力丧失者。结论：钛板和复合羟基磷灰石人工骨具有很好的生物相容性，在眶壁重建手术中可获得满意的疗效。是眶壁重建术良好的替代材料。     

形状记忆合金环抱接骨板治疗锁骨骨折

目的 探讨形状记忆合金环抱接骨板治疗锁骨骨折的手术方法及疗效。方法 采用西脉记忆合金环抱接骨板治疗锁骨骨折54例。结果 54例病人全部获得随访，优良率96.3％。结论 形状记忆合金环抱接骨板治疗锁骨骨折是一种方便有效的方法，具有手术操作简便、内固定确实等优点，但应加强术后管理。     

闭合复位动力髋螺钉内固定治疗股骨转子间骨折

我院于2000年7月-2002年儿月采用闭合复位技术，应用动力髋螺钉(DHS)内固定治疗股骨转子间骨折82例，效果满意。     

Prevalent vertebral deformities predict increased mortality and increased fracture rate in both men and women: A 10-year population-based study of 598 individuals from the Swedish cohort in the European Vertebral Osteoporosis Study

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a prevalent vertebral deformity predicts mortality and fractures in both men and women. In the city of Malmö, 598 individuals (298 men, 300 women; age 50–80 years) were selected from the city's population and were included in the Swedish part of the European Vertebral Osteoporosis Study (EVOS). At baseline the participants answered a questionnaire and lateral spine radiographs were performed. The prevalence of subjects with vertebral deformity was assessed using a morphometric method. The mortality during a 10-year follow-up period was determined through the register of the National Swedish Board of Health and Welfare. Eighty-five men and 43 women died during the study period. The subsequent fracture incidence during the follow-up period was ascertained by postal questionnaires, telephone interviews and by a survey of the archives of the Department of Radiology in the city hospital. Thirty-seven men and 69 women sustained a fracture during the study period. Data are presented as hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) within brackets. Prevalent vertebral deformity, defined as a reduction by more than 3 standard deviations (SD) in vertebral height ratio, predicted mortality during the forthcoming decade in both men [age-adjusted HR 2.4 (95% CI 1.6–3.9)] and women [age-adjusted HR 2.3 (95% CI 1.3–4.3)]. In men there was an increased mortality due to cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases and in women due to cancer. Prevalent vertebral deformity predicted an increased risk of any fracture during the forthcoming decade in both men [age-adjusted HR 2.7 (95% CI 1.4–5.3)] and women [age-adjusted HR 1.8 (95% CI 1.1–2.9)]. Prevalent vertebral deformity predicted an increased risk of any subsequent fragility fracture in women [age-adjusted HR 2.0 (95% CI 1.1–3.5)]; however, in men the increased risk was nonsignificant [age-adjusted HR 1.9 (95% CI 0.7–5.1)]. In summary, a prevalent vertebral deformity can predict both increased mortality and increased fracture incidence during the following decade in both men and women. We conclude that prevalent vertebral deformity could be used as a risk factor in both genders for mortality and future fracture.     

有限切开固定治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折

目的探讨采用有限切开固定治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折的临床效果。方法采用间接复位有限切开固定治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折37例,SchatzkerⅣ型骨折采用前内侧小切口,T型钢板固定,SchatzkerⅤ、Ⅵ型骨折采用前外侧小切口联合后内侧切口,后内侧用1/3管型钢板固定支撑,外侧以高尔夫棒型钢板固定。结果随访6-30个月,37例均于12周内骨折愈合。所有患者均恢复了患肢的正常力线及患膝的骨性稳定。采用Sanders膝关节评分法评估疗效：优13例,良20例,可4例。结论有限切开固定治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折是一种安全有效的生物学固定方法,创伤小,骨折愈合快,可早期功能锻炼,膝关节功能恢复满意。     

空心钉和骨圆针固定治疗股骨转子间骨折的力学随机对照试验

目的:通过与4枚斯氏针固定比较,利用生物力学方法评价多枚空心钉固定股骨转子骨折的适应证和可靠性。方法:使用Sawbone股骨模型,模拟EvansⅢA型骨折,分别用2种多枚空心钉方法(矩外空心钉和矩内空心钉法)及多枚骨圆针固定,在CSS-11101力学实验机上进行载荷试验,取300 N载荷下股骨头垂直位移和张口位移数值,比较3种方法的轴向刚度。通过扭转实验比较3种固定方法的抗扭转能力。结果:3种固定方法在轴向刚度方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而抗扭转能力方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:矩外空心钉固定力学性能相似于4枚骨圆针,而矩内空心钉固定弱于4枚骨圆针。应用多枚空心钉固定应选择稳定型股骨转子间骨折。     

切开复位内固定治疗Gartland Ⅲ型肱骨髁上骨折

目的探讨切开复位内固定治疗Gartland Ⅲ型肱骨髁上骨折的疗效。方法1999年10月-2005年4月，对62例平均年龄7．5岁的患儿，应用切开复位克氏针固定治疗Gartland Ⅲ型肱骨髁上骨折。其中伸直尺偏型41例，伸直桡偏型18例，伸直中间型3例；无伴发血管、神经损伤和筋膜室间隔综合征。闭合性骨折47例，开放性骨折15例。结果术后56例获得随访，随访时间为6～15个月，平均11．5个月。所有骨折均获得愈合。根据Flynn标准进行疗效评价，其中优22例（占39．3％），良21例（37．5％），可9例（16．1％），差4例（7．1％）。伤后8h内手术的优良率为89．7％，伤后8h后手术的优良率为63．0％。直接手术治疗的优良率为90．1％，曾接受手法复位的优良率为67．7％。结论切开复位内固定治疗Gartland Ⅲ型肱骨髁上骨折可取得满意的疗效，是安全、有效的治疗方法。     

可膨胀自锁髓内钉治疗四肢长干骨骨折29例

目的 介绍可膨脓髓内钉在治疗四肢长骨骨折中的应用体会。方法 自2004年11月～2006年2月，采用可膨胀髓内钉治疗了四肢长千骨骨折29例。结果 肱骨骨折的平均手术时间为50min；胫骨骨折的平均手术时间为45min；股骨骨折的平均手术时间为76min。术后骨折平均临床愈合时间肱骨为13周，胫骨为10．5周，股骨为10周。在肱骨骨折的病人中有2例发生骨折延迟愈合。所有病人均未发现术中及术后并发症。结论 可膨胀髓内钉因其能够顺应髓腔的结构膨胀，在髓腔内壁产生均匀的压力，起到良好的固定作用，而且能够节省扩髓和锁钉等步骤，明显减少创伤及术中X线透视和手术时间。是一种操作简单、创伤小的新型髓内钉。