尿道压力分布图对α受体阻滞剂治疗良性前列腺增长效果 …

目的：研究尿道压力分布图（ＵＰＰ）对良性前列腺增长（ＢＰＨ）患者α肾上腺素能受体阻滞剂治疗效果的预测。方法：用改良苄胺唑啉ＵＰＰ试验将ＢＰＨ患者分为阳性及阴性组,比较ＵＰＰ图诸参数之差异。结果：１４３例ＢＰＨ患者行改良苄胺唑啉ＵＰＰ试验,阳性６４例,占全部病例（４５７例）的１４．０％。资料完整者阳性组（３８例）及阴性组（２８例）试验前最在尿流率（Ｑｍａｘ,ｍｌ／ｓ）及ＵＰＰ诸参数无显著性差异（ｐ〈     

电刺激羊盆底肌对尿动力学影响的实验研究

目的：通过观察电流刺激羊盆底肌时的尿动力学变化,探讨电刺激对下尿路功能的影响。方法：将１８只羊随机分为刺激和对照两组,刺激组旋以电流刺激盆底肌,对照组只放置电极而不予刺激,其余条件两组相同,结果：刺激组膀胱容量（Ｖｖｅｓ）、排尿压（Ｐｄｅｔ）、功能尿道长度（Ｌｆｕ）与刺激前相关显著,而膀胱颈压（Ｐｂｎ）、最大尿道压（Ｐｍｕ）等指标差异不显著,结论：电刺激有益于加强控尿功能,改善压力性和紧迫性尿失禁     

Ambulatory urodynamic monitoring of external urethral sphincter behavior in chronic prostatitis patients

Aim: To study the behavior of external urethral sphincter in chronic prostatitis (CP) patient under natural filling.Methods: Twenty-one CP patients and 17 normal volunteers were involved in the study. Both the patients andvolunteers underwent ambulatory urodynamic monitoring (AM) and conventional medium filling cystometry (CMG).Urodec 500 was used for AM and Menuet for CMG. AM findings from CP patients were compared with those fromnormal volunteers, and the results from AM were compared with those from CMG. Results: In AM, the restingand voiding external urethral sphincter (EUS) pressures and maximum urethral closure pressures (MUCP) weresignificantly higher in CP patients [ ( 121.5 ±10.3) and (85.6±3.5) cm water, respectively ] than in normalvolunteers [ (77.6±11.4) and (10.3±1.6) cm water, respectively)]. Conclusion: The behavioral changes ofEUS in CP patients included spasm and instability of EUS, which were demonstrated using AM under natural filling;the findings were also in accord with the res     

Pressure flow analysis may aid in identifying women with outflow obstruction

PURPOSE: We refined recently developed pressure flow cutoff values for female bladder outlet obstruction and applied these values in a consecutive group of women undergoing urodynamic testing for various lower urinary tract symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 87 women with clinical obstruction determined by history and presenting complaint were enrolled in our prospective evaluation of pressure flow studies. We identified 3 groups of participants according to the suspected cause of obstruction, including prolapse in 33, previous incontinence surgery in 25, and no likely source of obstruction identified from history and physical examination only in 29. An additional 124 patients presenting for evaluation of stress urinary incontinence served as controls. Optimal cutoff values for determining obstruction were developed using receiver operating characteristic curves. To determine the prevalence of bladder outlet obstruction these values were prospectively applied to 106 women undergoing urodynamics for various voiding complaints. RESULTS: In controls the average maximum flow rate was 23 cc per second and average detrusor pressure was 21.9 cm. water, whereas the corresponding values in those with clinical obstruction were 10.7 cc per second and 40.8 cm. water (p <0.001). No differences were noted in the various obstruction groups. Receiver operating characteristics analysis revealed that cutoff values of 11 cc per second or less and 21 cm. water or more optimized the selection of patients with bladder outlet obstruction. Using these values we noted a bladder outlet obstruction prevalence of 20% in a consecutive cohort of women undergoing urodynamic studies at our center. CONCLUSIONS: We propose cutoff pressure flow values for identifying women with bladder outlet obstruction although they should be used only in conjunction with the overall clinical situation. Neither pressure flow data only nor clinical symptoms alone may be sufficient for diagnosing obstruction in women.     

Video urodynamic findings in men with the central cord syndrome

PURPOSE: The central cord syndrome reportedly has a favorable prognosis and rehabilitation outcome. However, to our knowledge the status of the lower urinary tract in patients with the central cord syndrome is unclear. We report on 22 men with the central cord syndrome who were evaluated by video urodynamics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1986 to the present we identified 22 men with a mean age of 51 years who had the central cord syndrome and were included in the Houston Veterans Affairs spinal cord registry. All patients underwent video urodynamic evaluation a mean of 34.5 months after injury. RESULTS: Video urodynamic testing for vesicourethral dysfunction was normal in 3 patients, while it showed bladder outlet obstruction secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia in 2, detrusor areflexia in 4, external detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia in 11, detrusor hyperreflexia with a synergistic external urethral sphincter in 1 and detrusor hypocontractility in 1. Urinary tract infection recurred in 3 patients with external detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia and urolithiasis developed in 2. CONCLUSIONS: Urodynamic testing revealed a high incidence of external detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia in men with the central cord syndrome. Due to the potential for upper tract deterioration all patients with the central cord syndrome should undergo baseline urodynamic studies. Those at high risk for upper tract deterioration with external detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia or a loss of compliance should be treated more aggressively with clean intermittent catheterization and anticholinergic medication when possible.     

正常阴道分娩和选择性剖宫产对初产妇下尿路解剖位置的影响

目的探讨正常阴道分娩和选择性剖宫产对初产妇下尿路解剖位置的影响,以及选择性剖宫产是否对产后压力性尿失禁有预防作用。方法正常阴道分娩组孕妇(16例)和选择性剖宫产组孕妇(15例)于孕38~40周、产后6~8周、产后2年分别进行会阴超声及尿动力检查,分析尿道膀胱连接部移动度(UVJ-M)的变化,及其在两种分娩方式间的差异。无分娩史的非妊娠女性20名为对照组,于排卵期行会阴超声及尿动力检查。结果妊娠晚期的UVJ-M较对照组明显增加(P<0.01),并持续到产后2年。两种方式分娩后6~8周的UVJ-M均较妊娠晚期轻度下降,但差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);仅选择性剖宫产组的UVJ-M在产后2年较妊娠晚期下降明显(P<0.05)。两种分娩方式相比,UVJ-M在产后6~8周和产后2年的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论初产妇在妊娠晚期膀胱颈活动度明显增加,并持续到产后2年,选择性剖宫产对其并无明显的保护作用;妊娠本身可能是产后压力性尿失禁的主要致病因素。     

广泛性子宫切除术后膀胱功能的研究

目的探讨广泛性子宫切除术后尿动力学改变及膀胱功能康复的影响因素。方法220例广泛性子宫切除术后患者分为2组:7d组122例,初次留置尿管7d;14d组98例,初次留置尿管14d。比较两组患者术后尿动力学改变及膀胱功能恢复的时间,并分析其影响因素。结果①广泛性子宫切除术后7d,13·9%的患者膀胱无知觉,平均膀胱容量(256·2±64·9)ml,平均尿流率(7·6±2·9)ml/s;术后14d,2·0%的患者膀胱无知觉,平均膀胱容量(310·4±80·5)ml,平均尿流率(9·2±3·4)ml/s。(P<0·01);②7d组,术后14d、21d膀胱功能恢复的比例分别为86·9%、91·0%;14d组,术后14、21d膀胱功能恢复的比例分别为94·9%、99·0%。(P<0·01);③术后7d,尿路感染(UTI)发生率为37·7%,并发UTI者,膀胱功能康复率为52·2%,无UTI者为81·6%。术后14d,UTI发生率为62·2%;并发UTI者,膀胱功能康复率为91·8%;无UTI者为100·0%。(P<0·01)。结论广泛性子宫切除术后,患者膀胱功能障碍主要为神经源性膀胱,留置尿管14d比留置尿管7天膀胱功能恢复好。随着留置尿管时间的延长,UTI发生率相应地上升。UTI也是影响术后膀胱功能恢复的重要因素之一。     

Reproduction of Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms on Urodynamics

Objectives: Urodynamic testing (UDS) can be a valuable tool in the assessment of urinary incontinence and voiding dysfunction. The success of UDS in reproducing patients' symptoms has not been well defined. We sought to determine the ability of UDS to reliably reproduce various lower urinary tract symptoms and secondarily the ability of UDS to produce disparate findings not associated with patients presenting symptoms. Methods: Following Institutional Review Board approval, patient data was accumulated prospectively over 10 months. Notation was made of primary and secondary symptoms as well as if these stated symptoms were reproduced during the urodynamic procedure. Presenting lower urinary tract symptoms included for analysis were stress, mixed and urge incontinence, urgency, and obstructive symptoms. We also reviewed the number of disparate urodynamic observations that did not correlate with patient history. Results: Over a 10‐month period, 127 women had interpretable data with respect to whether their presenting symptoms were reproduced during UDS. Presenting symptoms were successfully reproduced on 83% of UDS studies. Disparate urodynamic observations were noted in 60% of patients. Conclusions: Reproduction of patient symptoms during UDS occurred in the majority of cases if the patient was queried regarding this association. Additional disparate urodynamic observations were also noted in a majority of patients undergoing UDS. It remains unclear whether reproduction of symptoms during UDS in females ultimately results in improved interventional outcomes. The implications of new or unexpected UDS findings during UDS are unknown.