单干型动脉化静脉皮瓣血管干管壁的电镜观察

在成年日本大耳白兔耳背面制作3.0cmX3.5cm单干型动脉化静脉皮瓣,用透射电镜分期观察血管干的内膜与中膜.发现:(1)早期内皮细胞肿胀、吞饮小泡增多,细胞间连接开大;中膜平滑肌伸入内膜.(2)中期的中膜平滑肌细胞器发达,胶原纤维增生.(3)第70天内膜下出现呈波纹状,内含均匀基质的结构,与动脉内弹性膜相近,平滑肌整齐多层排列.证实了单干型动脉化静脉皮瓣血管干管壁于术后第70天已具动脉雏形.     

Cardiovascular Health among Black and White Breast Cancer Patients Initiating Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy

The purpose of this study was to compare the cardiovascular health of Black and White breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant treatment. Baseline data from a cohort study of Black (n = 45) and White (n = 101) breast cancer patients initiating aromatase inhibitor treatment were analyzed. Participants had a cardiovascular health assessment, including carotid intimal medial thickness measurement, donated a blood sample, and completed a questionnaire. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) event risk scores were calculated. Compared to their White counterparts, the Black patients had a significantly higher median ASCVD risk score (p = 0.009) and had a higher number of CVD risk factors (p < 0.05). Black patients were also more likely to have hypertension, diabetes, or to be obese than the White participants. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular disease risk factors among Black and White breast cancer patients is high, and racial disparities exist which may have treatment implications.     

The Fatty Liver Index (FLI) Relates to Diabetes-Specific Parameters and an Adverse Lipid Profile in a Cohort of Nondiabetic,Dyslipidemic Patients

Background: Patients with hyperlipidemia are at high risk for developing a fatty liver. The fatty liver index (FLI) is a noninvasive and well-established method for the estimation of a fatty liver. However, little is known about the metabolic characterization of nondiabetic treated patients with hyperlipidemia who have different risk levels for a fatty liver.

Methods: In this study, 74 nondiabetic patients with hyperlipidemia were divided into 3 groups according to their fatty liver index. A comparison of metabolic characteristics was done. These characteristics included intima media thickness (IMT) and nutritional habits, which were further divided into FLI subgroups with low, intermediate, and high risk for a fatty liver.

Results: Patients with hyperlipidemia, with a high risk for a fatty liver (FLI ≥ 60), had subclinical elevations in parameters of carbohydrate metabolism (insulin, fasting plasma glucose, C-peptide) including a higher insulin resistance (quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, QUICKI) compared to lower FLI groups. These patients also presented a higher risk for a metabolic syndrome (p = 0.018), as well as an adverse lipid profile (e.g., high-density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol, triglycerides [TG]–HDL ratio). FLI group 3 was characterized by significantly lower levels of omega-3 fatty acids (p = 0.048).

Conclusion: The fatty liver index relates to diabetes-specific parameters and an adverse lipid profile and is an appropriate index for risk evaluation of metabolic syndrome.     

2型糖尿病患者臂踝脉搏波传导速度与颈动脉内膜中层厚度及斑块的关系

目的：探讨2型糖尿病患者臂踝脉搏波传导速度（baPWV）与颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）及颈部动脉斑块的关系,并分析引起动脉硬化的相关危险因素。方法收集426例2型糖尿病患者,进行baPWV、颈部动脉超声检查、生化指标检测及相关危险因素的记录。分析baPWV与IM T的相关性。并根据baPWV结果分为正常组与异常组,对两组的IM T、颈部动脉斑块及相关危险因素进行比较。结果两组危险因素中糖尿病病程、收缩压、舒张压、脉压、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL‐C ）、动脉硬化危险因素个数等比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05,P＜0．01）;而年龄、腹围、BMI、尿酸、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL‐C）、三酰甘油（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、糖化血红蛋白的比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。两组颈部动脉超声斑块检出率差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）,而两组斑块平均数量比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）,异常组明显多于正常组;IMT正常率比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,正常组明显高于异常组。两组IMT值比较,差异仍有统计学意义（P＜0．01）,异常组较正常组明显增厚。对baP‐WV与IM T进行相关性分析结果显示：IM T与baPWV呈正相关关系（r＝0．228,P＜0．05）。结论动脉弹性降低的2型糖尿病患者可能伴有颈IM T明显增厚、斑块数量明显增多。结合baPWV及颈部动脉超声检查可更好地进行颈动脉硬化的评估。     

葡萄籽原花青素对兔动脉粥样硬化血管病理形态的影响

目的：通过建立新西兰兔的高脂血症模型,观察葡萄籽原花青素（GSPE）对兔动脉粥样硬化（AS）血管病理形态的影响。方法选用新西兰大白兔,随机分为空白对照组、高脂模型组、GSPE 小剂量组、中剂量组、大剂量组、洛伐他汀阳性对照组,复制高脂食饵性兔 AS 模型,每组7只。空白对照组喂饲基础饲料;其余各组给予高脂饲料（80％普通饲料＋14％蛋黄粉＋1％胆固醇＋5％猪油）喂饲,实验共8周。给予高脂饲料第1天起开始给药,GSPE 组每兔每天每公斤体重给予0.1 g、0.2 g、0.4 g,洛伐他汀阳性对照组每公斤体重给予洛伐他汀1 mg,以上药物均胶囊给药,模型组、空白对照组给以空胶囊。观察原花青素预防性用药后对兔主动脉内皮损伤的病理形态影响。结果GSPE 大、中剂量组与高脂模型组比较,从大体形态、组织学、扫描电镜三方面显示内皮细胞损伤均有一定的改善,斑块/内膜面积比分别减少29.5％,27.2％,差异有统计学意义（ P ＜0.05）,内/中膜厚度比分别减少72.5％,60.2％,差异有统计学意义（ P ＜0.05）。对主动脉内膜超微结构也有良好的修复和保护作用。但小剂量 GSPE 与高脂模型组比较,差异无统计学意义（ P ＞0.05）。结论大、中剂量 GSPE 对于减轻 AS 兔主动脉内膜损伤病变有一定作用。     

重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子对兔颈动脉粥样硬化球囊损伤后再内皮化和内膜增生的影响

Objeelive To investigate the effect of rhG-CSF on mobilizing bone marrow-MSCs, reendothelialization and intima hyperplasia in carotid artery of rabbits post balloon catheter injury, nethods Rabbits were treated with rhG-CSF (25 μkg, twice daily, i. p, n =35) or saline (n =32) for 5 days, then, carotid arteries of rabbits were injured by balloon catheter. The number of peripheral MSCs was detected with FACS. The morphology of injuried artery was examined with hematoxylin and eosin stain, PCNA was determined with immunohistochemistry. Results (1) Number of peripheral MSCs was similar at baseline and significantly increased at 24 hours and peaked at 7 days and remained increased till 14 days post rhG-CSF. (2) Significant endothelial cell deletion was evidenced in the control group, while scatter endothelial cells was observed in the rhG-CSF group at 1 week post injury. Two weeks after injury, new endothelial area was significantly higher in rhG-CSF group compared to control group. At 4 weeks post injury, endothelial connection was evidenced and regularly displayed in rhG-CSF treated group. (3) PCNA-positive cells in the tunica intima were significantly lower in rhG-CSF treated rabbits at 7, 14 and 28 days compared that in control rabbits (all P ＜ 0.01). Conclusion rhG-CSF could mobilize the bone marrow-MSCs and promote re-endothelialization and attenuate intima hyperplasia post balloon catheter injury in carotid arteries of rabbits.     

银丹心脑通软胶囊联合普罗布考治疗脑动脉粥样硬化的效果观察

目的 探讨银丹心脑通软胶囊联合普罗布考治疗脑动脉粥样硬化的临床效果.方法 70例脑动脉粥样硬化患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组和试验组,各35例.两组均给予常规治疗,对照组在常规治疗基础上口服普罗布考片治疗,试验组在对照组基础上口服银丹心脑通软胶囊治疗.比较两组治疗后临床疗效、治疗前后疾病相关指标[颈动脉内膜厚度、斑块面...