Quality of life after total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer

BACKGROUND: After total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer, many surgeons try to avoid an abdominoperineal resection (APR) by performing a transanally double stapled low colo-rectal anastomosis (LRA), frequently without a pouch. This policy is mainly based on the assumption that the quality of life after such LRA is higher than after APR. It has been suggested that a better functional outcome and therefore a higher quality of life might be achieved by a colo-anal J-pouch anastomosis (CPA). The aim of this study was to assess quality of life among disease-free survivors after APR, LRA and CPA. METHODS: The charts of 301 consecutive patients who had undergone surgery for cancer in the middle or lower third of the rectum were analysed. Two hundred four patients were eligible for inclusion. The quality of life among these patients was assessed using one generic (EQ-5D) and two disease-specific questionnaires (EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-CR38). RESULTS: The response rate was 82%. The median follow-up was 31 months. Overall, quality of life was good but CPA patients had better quality of life scores than APR and LRA patients. This difference was not only due to the better functional outcome but also to the lower incidence of disturbed micturition and sexual problems in the CPA group. CONCLUSION: The quality of life after colo-anal J-pouch anastomosis is better than after abdominoperineal resection (APR) and low colo-rectal anastomosis (LRA). The quality of life after APR is similar to that after LRA.     

A comparison of segmental vs subtotal/total colectomy for colonic Crohn''s disease: a meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE: Using meta-analytical techniques the present study evaluated differences in short-term and long-term outcomes of adult patients with colonic Crohn's disease who underwent either colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis (IRA) or segmental colectomy (SC). METHODS: Comparative studies published between 1988 and 2002, of subtotal/total colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis vs segmental colectomy, were used. The study end points included were surgical and overall recurrence, time to recurrence, postoperative morbidity and incidence of permanent stoma. Random and fixed-effect meta-analytical models were used to evaluate the study outcomes. Sensitivity analysis, funnel plot and meta-regressive techniques were carried out to explain the heterogeneity and selection bias between the studies. RESULTS: Six studies, consisting of a total of 488 patients (223 IRA and 265 SC) were included. Analysis of the data suggested that there was no significant difference between IRA and SC in recurrence of Crohn's disease. Time to recurrence was longer in the IRA group by 4.4 years (95% CI: 3.1-5.8), P < 0.001. There was no difference between the incidence of postoperative complications (OR = 1.4., 95% CI 0.16-12.74) or the need for a permanent stoma between the two groups (OR = 2.75, 95% CI 0.78-9.71). Patients with two or more colonic segments involved were associated with lower re-operation rate in the IRA group, a difference which did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.177). CONCLUSIONS: Both procedures were equally effective as treatment options for colonic Crohn's disease however, patients in the SC group exhibited recurrence earlier than those in the IRA group. The choice of operation is dependent on the extent of colonic disease, with a trend towards better outcomes with IRA for two or more colonic segments involved. Since no prospective randomised study has been undertaken, a clear view about which approach is more suitable for localised colonic Crohn's disease cannot be obtained.     

PULMONARY BLOOD DISTRIBUTION AFTER TOTAL CAVOPULMONARY CONNECTION OF DIFFERENT TYPES

Objective. To assess the feature of pulmonary blood flow distribution after total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) of different types, and to provide the selection of the best type .Methods. Thirty-two consecutive survival patients after TCPC underwent radionuclide lung perfusion imaging. According to the radionuclide counts in the left and right lungs, analyses of the distribution of blood flow from superior venous cava (SVC) and inferior venous cava (IVC) and the whole pulmonary blood flow in both lungs were made. All patients were divided into 4 groups by the the anastomosis between IVC and pulmonary artery.Results. Group Ⅰ: The flow ratio of the IVC to left lung was greater than that to the right lung , P≤0. 01; the flow ratio of the SVC to right lung was greater than that to the left lung, P≤0. 01; and the whole pulmonary blood flow went dominantly to the left lung, P≤0. 05, which is not in line with physiological distribution. Group Ⅱ: the flows from the SVC and IVC were mixed in the middle of     

全直肠系膜切除术治疗直肠癌--附168例报告

目的　探讨全直肠系膜切除术在预防直肠癌术后局部复发中的作用 ,以及同该操作相关的一些并发症。方法　回顾性分析 16 8例直肠癌的临床资料。结果　全组无手术死亡 ,术后随访1～ 36月 ,局部复发 6例 (3.6 % ) ,术后吻合口漏 13例 (10 .7% ) ,多数保肛患者出现便频、便急等症状。结论　全直肠系膜切除术能有效降低直肠癌术后局部复发率 ,提高保肛率 ,但存在吻合口漏 ,控便功能等问题需进一步解决。     

健康信念模式在分娩中的应用探讨

目的探讨增强产妇健康信念对产妇分娩方式及产后康复的影响，提高产妇康复质量及产科工作质量。方法将300例产妇随机分为观察组和对照组，对观察组产妇进行分娩相关知识强化培训，增强产妇自然分娩及自我护理信念．对照组只进行一般入院宣教，比较两组剖宫产率、纯母乳喂养、产后24小时自护率等指标。结果观察组产妇剖宫产率明显低于对照组，而纯母乳喂齐、产后24小时自护率等指标均高于对照组。结论增强产妇健康信念，能帮助其自然分娩，降低剖宫产率，提高产妇康复质量。     

血清LSA测定在恶性肿瘤临床诊断中的初步应用

本文根据Svennerholm和蒋谷人等的方法略加改良,测定了蚌埠地区113例正常人,71例恶性肿瘤患者和82例非肿瘤疾病患者血清脂质结合唾液酸(LSA)的含量。正常值为12.4mg/dl(SD=±3.6mg/dl),71例不同肿瘤患者的平均值为28.2mg/dl(SD=±9.7mg/dl),阳性率为88.7％,82例非肿瘤疾病患者的平均值为16.82mg/dl(SD=±5.4mg/dl),假阳性率为17％。方法的灵敏度,重复性(平均CV=3.6％)和回收率(平均回收率=101.4％)测定结果是满意的。本研究的初步结果表明,血清LSA测定对肺癌、白血病、胃癌和食管癌具有一定的临床诊断价值。     

Aggressive resection for advanced pancreatic carcinoma

An aggressive pancreatectomy was performed on a 53 year old Japanese man with advanced cancer of the pancreas. The tumor originated from the body of the pancreas and invaded the stomach, duodenum, left kidney, transverse colon and common hepatic artery. An unexpected cancer was also found in the head of the pancreas during the operation. Therefore, total pancreatectomy, total gastrectomy, left adrenonephrectomy, resection of the left transverse colon and dissection of the regional lymph nodes were performed. Resection of the common hepatic artery was also performed, followed by an end-to-end anastomosis between the common hepatic artery and celiac trunk. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was doing well until nine months after the operation when multiple metastatic lesions were noted in the liver. He died 391 days after the operation from hepatic failure.     

25种常用食物总脂质、总磷脂和主要磷脂含量的比较

<正> 磷脂是构成生物细胞膜的基本组分,以其规律的结构保证细胞的正常形态和功能。因而经常有一定质量的磷脂保证,是维持所有细胞健康生长和生理功能的基础。磷脂已被广泛应用为食品添加剂,由于磷脂是一种天然产物,更加适应当今世界对“非化学添加物”的需要。但目前的食物成分表均无磷脂的含量,为此对云南、陕西、辽宁等地常用食物中总脂质、总磷脂和主要磷脂的含量进行了分析。     

Bone Mineral Density in the Proximal Femur and Contralateral Knee After Total Knee Arthroplasty

Osteoarthrosis (OA) is often associated with pain and disability, which are relieved after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), but the nature of bone changes associated with OA is controversial. We examined preoperative hip and contralateral knee bone mineral density (BMD) in patients requiring TKA and monitored the BMD changes postoperatively. Sixty-nine patients, scheduled to have TKA for osteoarthrotic knees, had both hips and contralateral knee BMD measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the time of operation (baseline) and at 1 yr after operation. X-rays of the knee joints were also taken to evaluate the severity of OA. Preoperatively, 27% and 38% of the patients had total hip BMD Z-score more than 1 SD in the operated side and contralateral hips, respectively. In all regions of interest (ROI), the mean baseline BMD of the affected side proximal femur was significantly lower than that of the contralateral side (p < 0.0005-0.019). The severity of OA was not associated with BMD. During 1-yr follow-up, the postoperative knee status and the physical activity of the patients (AKS score) improved. However, neither the hip nor the nonoperated knee BMDs increased. Knee OA is associated with significantly lower BMD values in the affected side compared with the contralateral hip, and these levels remained similar or decreased during a 1-yr follow-up. We conclude that improved mobility after TKA does not improve the effects of preoperative disuse-associated bone loss in the short term.     

Haemodynamics as a determinant of the pharmacokinetics of and the plasma catecholamine responses to isoprenaline

Summary The total body clearance and fractional extraction of isoprenaline (ISO) have been determined, and the relation between these parameters and cardiac output established. Whether desipramine, an inhibitor of neuronal uptake, altered the plasma catecholamine response to ISO was also investigated.Seven healthy subjects were given i.v., infusions of ISO in two, consecutive 25-min periods, at constant dose rates of 31–43 and 80–124 pmol·kg^–1·min^–1, respectively. The total-body (ER), pulmonary (ER_p) and forearm (ER_f) fractional extractions and the total body clearance (CL) of ISO were obtained from measurements of cardiac output and the steady-state ISO concentration in mixed central venous, arterial and forearm venous plasma.ISO-induced increases in cardiac output resulted in increases in CL, decreases in ER and no consistent change in ER_f. ER_p did not differ from zero. ISO also produced a dose-dependent increase in the mixed venous plasma concentrations of noradrenaline and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DOPEG), and a decrease in that of adrenaline. Pretreatment with desipramine did not alter any of the pharmacokinetic parameters of ISO. Desipramine, however, reduced the mixed venous baseline plasma levels of noradrenaline (47%) and DOPEG (40%), and tended to reduce that of adrenaline (34%). It enhanced the plasma noradrenaline response 2.4-fold, abolished the plasma DOPEG response and did not alter the plasma adrenaline response to ISO.Hence, owing to its haemodynamic effects, ISO modifies its own pharmacokinetics which involve non-neuronal removal processes only. The increased DOPEG in plasma resulting from the ISO-induced increase in noradrenaline release was presynaptic in origin. Desipramine appears to reduce sympathetic activity. The enhancement by desipramine of the ISO-induced increase in plasma noradrenaline points towards recapture by neuronal uptake of at least 58% of the noradrenaline released in response to ISO.