脊柱后路减压治疗胸腰段骨折脱位合并脊髓损伤术式选择

目的研究两种不同脊柱后路减压方法治疗胸腰段骨折脱位合并脊髓损伤的手术治疗效果。方法回顾分析本院1996年3月～2002年6月收治的胸腰段骨折脱位并脊髓损伤患者76例，按不同减压方法将其分为两组：切除一侧或两侧椎板、椎弓根或部分关节突行侧前方环状减压AF内固定者40例，为直接减压组；体位复位结合AF器械矫正复位36例，为间接减压组。统计学分析，两组资料具有可比性。对术后神经功能恢复情况，按ASIA神经功能评定标准进行评定。中晚期并发症，根据是否有腰背痛，下肢根性痛、麻木无力，两便功能障碍进行评定。生活能力按FIM评定。结果两组病例获6个月～5年随访，结果表明，术前脊髓完全性损伤，术后均无恢复；术前脊髓不完全性损伤，术后两组间比较差异无显著性。中晚期并发症发生，直接减压组高于间接减压组；术后生活自理能力，间接减压组好于直接减压组。结论间接减压手术方法治疗胸腰段骨折脱位合并脊髓损伤不失为一种早期治疗的首选方法。     

Characterization of hindlimb motoneuron membrane properties in acute and chronic spinal cats

The purpose of this study was to determine if changes in hindlimb motoneuron membrane electrical properties occur 4–6 months after spinal transection in the adult animal. Eight acute and nine chronic animals were spinalized at T₁₂. Intracellular recordings from motoneurons innervating the triceps surae were performed. Membrane electrical properties, including resting potential, action potential peak amplitude, afterhyperpolarization duration, rheobasic current, input resistance and axonal conduction velocity were measured. There were no statistical differences found between group means or frequency distributions in the membrane properties of motoneurons assessed from acute and chronic spinal animals. Thus, alteration of motoneuron membrane properties does not appear to be a major contributing factor to the hyperexcitable hindlimb reflex activity demonstrated by chronic spinal animals.     

同种异体骨与自体骨移植治疗青少年脊柱侧凸的比较研究

[目的]观察同种异体骨移植与自体骨移植治疗青少年脊柱侧凸的临床效果.[方法]对1996～2006年本科收治的63例青少年脊柱侧凸患者的临床资料,采用回顾性"病例-对照"研究方法进行分析,A组(同种异体骨移植组)32例,10～15岁,平均12.2岁;Cobb's角38°～113°,平均62°;B组(自体髂骨移植组)31例,年龄9～14岁,平均12.4岁;Cobb's角41°～105°,平均54°.所有患者均选择中华长城椎弓根内固定系统经后路矫正,术后定期随访并对临床效果进行评估.[结果]出院后2个月即开始随访,随访时间18～24个月,平均26个月;亦无严重并发症发生;A组的手术时间、失血量较B组患者减少,组间具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).[结论]两组患者具有相似的临床效果,在严格掌握适应证,充分术前准备、正确手术操作、及时术后处理的前提下,同种异体骨移植能够有效替代自体髂骨移植治疗青少年脊柱侧凸.     

Metabolism and binding of androgens in the spinal cord of the rat

The binding of [3H]androgens and estrogens, and the metabolism of [3H]androgens, were studied in the spinal cord of the adult rat. High-affinity, specific binding sites for [3H]testosterone and [3H]estradiol were detected in cytosol fractions from the spinal cords of castrate animals. Equilibrium dissociation constants for reaction of these sites with their respective ligands were similar to those of androgen and estrogen receptors from other regions of the central nervous system. Nuclear binding of [3H]estradiol was observed in the spinal cord 1 h after intravenous administration of the isotope. Likewise, exchange assay demonstrated the presence of high-affinity androgen binding sites in spinal cord nuclei from orchidectomized, testosterone propionate treated animals. 5 alpha-Reductase activity in homogenates of the spinal cord was relatively high, approximately 3 times that in the pooled hypothalamus, preoptic area, septum and amygdala. However, in contrast to the latter brain regions, estrogen formation was not detectable in spinal cord tissue. No sex differences were observed in the metabolism of [3H]testosterone by spinal cord homogenates. These results confirm the presence of androgen and estrogen receptors in the rat spinal cord. The lack of detectable aromatase activity in the spinal cord is consistent with the hypothesis that the effects of circulating testosterone on spinal reflex function are mediated primarily through the androgen receptor system.     

Effect of naloxone on detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia in the chronic spinal cat

Naloxone, an opioid peptide antagonist, has been reported to facilitate voiding in neurologic bladder disorders, but its effects on the neural micturition reflex arc are poorly understood. We studied the effect of naloxone in 34 male adult cats, spinalized at C5-C6 level 7 to 119 days previously. Each cat served as its own control. The following tests were performed: Urethral pressure profiles, cystosphincterograms with the urethro-vesical junction opened and closed and mechanograms of the detrusor, and the circular and longitudinal urethral muscles. The study included (1) the effects of anesthesia of the bladder and pelvic nerve, as well as that of the urethral and pudendal nerves; (2) the action of naloxone; and (3) the action of oxymorphone. Our results demonstrated that naloxone (1) increased somatic (osteotendinous and nociceptive) reflexes and aggravated spasticity; (2) increased vegetative micturitional and sexual reflexes, in particular the urethra-urethral contraction reflex, aggravating the spasmodic contractions of the external sphincter; and (3) increased the frequency and intensity of the mass reflex. In consequence, we suggest that naloxone is contraindicated in cases of spinal cord lesions with detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia syndrome.     

Association between cord blood IgE and genetic polymorphisms of interleukin-4, the β-subunit of the high-affinity receptor for IgE, lymphotoxin-α, and tumor Necrosis factor-α

High cord blood immunoglobulin E (cbIgE) is known to be associated with increased risks of atopic diseases in childhood. The relationship between genetic polymorphisms and high cbIgE has not been well documented. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the association between cbIgE and genetic polymorphisms of interleukin (IL)-4 -590C/T, the beta-subunit of the high-affinity receptor for IgE (FcepsilonRI-beta) E237G, lymphotoxin (LT)-alphaNcoI alleles, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha -308G/A. A total of 320 mother-neonate pairs were recruited from four maternity hospitals from different locations of Taiwan. Cord blood was obtained and assayed for cbIgE. Polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to assess the genotypes. Three hundred pairs of mothers and neonates were included in the final analysis. Infants with IL-4 -590 C allele were found to have higher risk of elevated cbIgE (> or =0.35 IU/ml, 24.3%) (p = 0.004). After adjusting for gender, birth order, maternal age, and history of allergic disease in maternal and paternal families, odds ratios for CC and CT genotypes were 4.41 and 3.16 (95% confidence interval 0.78-22.67, and 1.66-6.13), respectively, using TT genotype as reference. The genotypes of FcepsilonRI-beta, LT-alpha, and TNF-alpha were not associated with cbIgE before or after the adjustment. Our finding suggested a significant association of cbIgE with genetic polymorphism of IL-4 -590C/T, but not with the genotypes of FcepsilonRI-beta, LT-alpha, and TNF-alpha.     

双节段人工腰椎间盘置换术的疗效与探讨

[目的]观察采用以双段SB Charite Ⅲ人工椎间盘置换术治疗退变性腰椎间盘疾病的l临床结果并探讨其可行性。[方法]自2000年10月至2006年8月，对22例L4-S1退变的病例采用双节段人工腰椎间盘置换术，男16例，女6例；年龄43～54岁，平均48岁；均获得随访，随访时间10—61个月（平均37．4个月），分别于手术前后对患者的情况进行JOA评分和影像学对比。[结果]术后病例JOA评分较术前显著提高（P〈0．05）。按FRANKLE标准，JOA评分改善率1年后优12例，良7例，可3例；3年后共获得随访18例，其中优10例，良5例，可3例。术后X线片显示人工椎间盘位置正确，椎间隙高度恢复正常，椎间活动度得到维持。15例患者返回原工作，2例变换工作，1例退休。所有病例无假体功能并发症发生，无假体松动、半脱位、下沉。[结论]在严格适应证的前提下，双节段人工椎间盘置换术是可以获得满意临床疗效的，可在有条件的医院积极开展。     

Surgical strategy of one stage surgery of anterior release combined with posterior correction in treatment of severe scoliosis

Objective: Severe scoliosis refers to scoliosis with serious and stiff curve. It always combins with trunk imbalance in coronal and sagittal contour. Besides complex pathological changes, cardiopulmonary deficits and other concomitant diseases increase treatmental difficulties. So the treatment of severe scoliosis is always a great challenge to spine surgeon. Methods :Thirty-six patients with severe scoliosis received one stage posterior correction followed by anterior release during July 1997 to January 2003, including 9 males and 27 females. Mean age was 17.2 years. Of them, 33 was idiopathic scoliosis and 3 was neurofibromatosis scoliosis( Cobb angle: 85-116 degree); 20 cases were abnormal in sagital plane. Three-dimensional devised instrumentation were applied such as CD, CD-Horizon, TSRH or Isola in posterior procedure followed by anterior release during the same anesthesia. 31 cases of this group received thorac icplasty. Results: The correction in the frontal plane achieved an average of 48.5%. In the sagittal plane, the pathological shape of the spine was reduced and distinctly ameliorated. 80. 6% of the patients maintained or achieved balance of sagittal plane. There were no complications of severe neurological deficit, hook displacement, rod broken, and deep infection at follow-up. One case occurred traumatic pleurisy after operation and another appeared pseudarthrosis 2 years later. One case demonstrated imbalance 11 months after operation. One patient was presented loss of correction more than 10 degree at one year follow-up and 5.2 degree in average. Conclusion:The study indicates that the one stage posterior correction combined with anterior release in treatment of severe scoliosis can achieve satisfactory correction. Appropriate choice of cases, preoperational detailed assessment and application of SEP and wake-up test during operation can possibly reduce severe complication. The long-term outcomes still need further observation.     

Fusimotor reflexes to antagonistic muscles simultaneously assessed by multi-afferent recordings from muscle spindle afferents

Several single agonist/antagonist primary muscle spindle afferents were simultaneously recorded in chloralose anaesthetized cats. It was shown that their dynamic and static sensitivity to sinusoidal muscle stretches could be increased or decreased via the fusimotor system by extension and flexion of the contralateral hind limb as well as by stretch of ipsilateral muscles and stimulation of ipsilateral skin nerves. The results seem to support the hypothesis that the primary muscle spindle afferents convey complex multisensory messages to the central nervous system (CNS).     

Elemental composition and water content of myelinated axons and glial cells in rat central nervous system

The distribution of elements (e.g. Na, Cl, K) and water in CNS cells is unknown. Therefore, electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA) was used to measure water content and concentrations (mmol/kg dry or wet weight) of Na, Mg, P, S, Cl, K and Ca in morphological compartments of myelinated axons and glial cells from rat optic nerve and cervical spinal cord white matter. Axons in both CNS regions exhibited similar water content ( 90%), and relatively high concentrations (wet and dry weight) of K with low Na and Ca levels. The K content of axons was related to diameter, i.e. small axons in spinal cord and optic nerve had significantly less (25–50%) K than larger diameter axons from the same CNS region. The elemental composition of spinal cord mitochondria was similar to corresponding axoplasm, whereas the water content (75%) of these organelles was substantially lower than that of axoplasm. In glial cell cytoplasm of both CNS areas, P and K (wet and dry weight) were the most abundant elements and water content was approximately 75%. CNS myelin had predominantly high P levels and the lowest water content (33–55%) of any compartment measured. The results of this study demonstrate that each morphological compartment of CNS axons and glia exhibits a characteristic elemental composition and water content which might be related to the structure and function of that neuronal region.