浅谈中医药防治非甾体抗炎药的胃肠道副作用

通过探讨非甾体抗炎药(NSAID)对胃肠道(GI)损伤的作用机制，提出了中医药防治NSAID胃肠道损伤的一系列方法，为中医药工作者如何加强此方面的研究提供借鉴。     

对甲磺酰基苯乙烯环酮类衍生物的合成及抗炎活性

目的寻找新型高效低毒的非甾体抗炎药。方法合成对甲磺酰基苯乙烯环酮类衍生物，用二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀模型和角叉菜胶致大鼠足跖肿胀模型评价其抗炎活性，并考察连续经口给药对大鼠胃肠道（GI）的影响。结果合成了9个新化合物（ZA_1-9），结构经IR，¹HNMR，MS和元素分析确证。小鼠试验表明ZA_3,5-9的抗炎活性与双氯芬酸钠(DC)和罗非昔布(RC)相当(P>0.05)，大鼠试验显示ZA_3,7,8的抗炎活性与DC和RC相当(P>0.05)， ZA₆的抗炎作用显著强于DC和RC(P<0.05)，ZA_3,5-9对GI损伤显著小于DC (P<0.05，P<0.01)，与RC相当(P>0.05)。结论对甲磺酰基苯乙烯环酮类衍生物的抗炎作用较强，GI不良反应小，值得进一步研究。     

药物性生理失调的后果-畅销镇痛药罗非昔布另解

Selective cyclo-oxygenase-2(COX-2) inhibitor, VI-OXX(rofecoxib), was voluntarily withdrawn worldwide from drugstores by its maker Merck & Co., Inc. on Sep-tember 30, 2004, for its potential lethal side effects of heart attack or stroke.     

格拉司琼治疗53例顺铂所致呕吐临床观察

[目的]观察格拉司琼对顺铂所致恶心、呕吐的临床疗效.[方法]53例接受含顺铂联合化疗的恶性肿瘤患者进行2个疗程的自身对照,随机分格拉司琼与胃复安组,比较治疗效果.[结果]格拉司琼组对恶心、呕吐的完全控制率和有效控制率明显优于胃复安组(P＜0.05).两组间不良反应发生率无明显差异.[结论]格拉司琼可作为预防化疗引起的恶心、呕吐的优选药物.     

重组人血小板生成素治疗白血病患者化疗诱导血小板减少73例

目的:评价国产重组人血小板生成素(rhTPO)对白血病患者化疗后血小板减少的疗效和安全性.方法:73例完全缓解白血病患者进行自身对照多中心临床试验,均接受方案和剂量相同的2个周期化疗,第1个周期作对照,第2个周期化疗结束后6～24h皮下注射rhTPO 1.0μg·kg-1·d-1,连续用药最长14d.实验室检测血尿常规、肝肾功能、凝血功能、胸片、心电图及血清抗rhTPO抗体.结果:用药周期与对照周期化疗后血小板最低值分别为20.8×109和16.3×109·L-1(P＞0.05);血小板恢复最高值分别为226.9×109和144.9×109·L-1(P＜0.001),用药周期明显高于对照周期.用药周期和对照周期化疗后血小板＜50×109·L-1的持续时间分别为10.9和12.8d(P＜0.05).用药周期化疗后血小板恢复至≥75×109和≥100×109·L-1所需的时间分别为22.0和24.1d,明显短于对照周期25.0和27.8d(P分别＜0.01和＜0.001).用药周期血小板输注次数及剂量少于对照周期(P＜0.05).2个周期相比,化疗后血红蛋白(Hb),白细胞(WBC)及肝肾功能和凝血功能的变化无明显差异.1例患者产生低滴度血清抗rhTPO抗体.不良反应有发热、关节痛、头晕和头痛.结论:白血病患者化疗后给予国产rbTPO,可减少血小板降低程度和持续时间,促进血小板恢复,减少血小板输注.化疗后注射国产rhTPO是安全的.     

碳酸锂对环磷酰胺的抑瘤及毒副作用的影响

观察碳酸锂（Ｌｉ２ＣＯ３）对环磷酰胺（ＣＰ）的抑瘤作用和毒副作用的影响。按标准方法对每只小鼠进行肿瘤（肝癌Ｈ２２、肉瘤Ｓ１８０）接种。Ｌｉ２ＣＯ３［２０、４０ｍｇ／ｋｇ．ｄｉｇ，连续１０天。ＣＰ（９０、１８０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）一次ｉＰ。结果显示：Ｌｉ２ＣＯ３与ＣＰ联合应用可显著提高抑瘤率，增加荷瘤鼠的外周血白细胞（ＷＢＣ）数和降低骨磷嗜多染红细胞（ＰＣＥ）的微核率（ＭＮＦ）。提示Ｌｉ２ＣＯ３能明显增强Ｃ     

全反式维甲酸联合三氧化二砷治疗初发急性早幼粒白血病的初步疗效观察

目的观察全反式维甲酸(ATRA)联合三氧化二砷(As2O3)治疗急性早幼粒白血病(APL)的疗效和不良反应。方法ATRA20~40mg/d,分2~3次服用;As2O3(0.1%溶液)10mL加入5%葡萄糖溶液500mL中静脉点滴,持续4~6h,1次/天,联合治疗初发APL。根据外周血白细胞计数、肝功能变化适当调整ATRA和As2O3的剂量。观察CR率、获得CR所需的时间、不良反应及近期缓解时间。结果16例初发APL患者早期死亡1例,15例获CR,CR率93.7%,获得CR的平均时间为(25.7±5.2)天。62.5%患者在治疗开始后出现白细胞升高,调整ATRA后均恢复。50%患者出现肝功能异常,经调整剂量及应用保肝药后均坚持应用As2O3至疗程结束。至今15例获CR的患者仍处于CR状态(2~26个月)。结论ATRA联合As2O3治疗初发APL疗效好,不良反应少,而且能缩短达CR的时间。     

乳腺癌干细胞相关亚群细胞周期分析

目的:流式细胞仪分选乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7的肿瘤干细胞相关SP亚群(side population,SP),并检测SP和非SP细胞周期。方法:MCF-7细胞悬液经Hoechst33342染色,流式细胞仪分选SP和非SP后,乙醇固定,PI染色,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期。结果:SP细胞在MCF-7细胞中占4%,Verapamil阻断后比例减为0·5%。SP细胞中S/G2/M期细胞最低,仅占7·9%,而非SP细胞增殖期比例相对高,S/G2/M期细胞约占34·2%。未分选细胞中S/G2/M期细胞比例居中,为22·9%。结论:人乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7含SP亚群,比例约为4%,且SP细胞多处于静止期,具有一般干细胞的特性。     

Outcomes and Costs of Risperidone versus Olanzapine in Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorders: A Markov Model

OBJECTIVE: To compare expected outcomes and costs of care in patients with chronic schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders who are treated with risperidone versus olanzapine. METHODS: A Markov model was developed to examine outcomes and costs of care in patients with chronic schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders receiving risperidone or olanzapine. The time frame of interest was 1 year. The model focused particular attention on the likelihood of therapy switching and discontinuation as a result of treatment-emergent side effects, as the efficacy of these two agents is similar. Measures of interest included the incidence of relapse and selected side effects including extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), prolactin-related disorders and diabetes, expected change in body weight, and the percentage of patients remaining on initial therapy at the end of 1 year. Costs of antipsychotic therapy and psychiatric and nonpsychiatric services also were examined. RESULTS: At 1 year, the rate of EPS was estimated to be slightly higher for risperidone, as was the incidence of symptomatic prolactin-related disorders. The expected incidence of diabetes mellitus, while low, was slightly higher for olanzapine. Approximately 25% and 4% of olanzapine and risperidone patients, respectively, were projected to experience an increase in body weight > or = 7%. The estimated percentage of patients remaining on initial therapy at the end of 1 year was higher for risperidone than olanzapine (76.9% vs. 45.6%, respectively). Expected mean total costs of care per month of therapy were $2163 for risperidone and $2316 for olanzapine. Results from sensitivity analyses suggest that the probability of therapy discontinuation following weight gain >5 kg would have to be lower than 0.1 for the number of patients remaining on therapy at the end of 1 year to be the same for risperidone and olanzapine. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with risperidone, treatment with olanzapine may result in greater increases in body weight, higher rates of therapy discontinuation, and higher costs of medical-care services.     

吸入皮质类固醇治疗支气管哮喘的不良反应综述

吸入糖皮质激素的口腔沉积率约为 80～ 90 %,是引发局部和全身副作用的主要原因。不良反应多为下丘脑 -垂体-肾上腺轴(HPAA)抑制作用、骨质疏松、局部刺激、真菌感染等。根据病情适量用药,并于用药后及时漱口是防止糖皮质激素各种副作用的有效措施。