企沙口岸媒介生物的本底调查报告.

[目的]为做好企沙港媒介生物防制和传染病监测工作提供依据.[方法]从1998年3月至1999年2月对企沙港媒介生物进行了本底调查.[结果]本次调查中发现鼠类2目2科4属8种,年平均鼠密度为9.54%,码头区鼠密度最高,以黄胸鼠为优势种,其次为褐家鼠;鼠类季节消长呈多峰型,以9月份最高,鼠体染蚤率12.06%,主要为印鼠客蚤和仁氏病蚤雷州亚种;鼠血清F1抗体检测阴性.蚊类4属9种,以致倦库蚊为优势种,其次为中华按蚊;年平均密度为57.33只/人工小时,以街区最高;季节消长曲线成3峰型,以4～5月份密度最高;成蚊密度与降雨量、气温有一定的关系.蝇类3科7属10种,以家蝇为优势种,其次为大头金蝇;年平均密度为91.53只/笼,以街区密度最高;以夏季为高峰期,蝇类月平均密度随月平均气温的上升而升高(r=0.6339,Tr=2.5926,P＜0.025),但与相对湿度无相关关系(r=0.2352,Tr=0.751,P＞O.10).蜚蠊5属8种,以美洲大蠊为优势种,其次为澳洲大蠊;年平均密度为0.40只/瓶,以街区密度最高;以夏秋季为高峰期,月平均密度随气温升高而升高(r=0.745,Tr=4.135,P＜0.0025),但与相对湿度无关(r=0.048,Tr=O.153,P＞0.25).     

Human embryo implantation following in-vitro fertilization: is there a seasonal variation?

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there isa seasonal variation in implantation and pregnancy rates followingnatural cycle replacement of cryopreserved embryos. A totalof 321 consecutive cycles were analysed. There were 59 pregnancies(18.4%) and 48 live births or ongoing pregnancies (15.0%). Indicatorvariables for each month and variables representing temporalcycles of 12, 6, 4, 3 and 2 months were related to outcome.In addition, an analysis of periodicity was performed. No temporal,clinical or demographic variable was significantly related topregnancy. This study indicated that there was no clear seasonalvariation in the pregnancy rate following natural cycle replacement.However, the power of this study was low, and it was estimatedthat 963 subjects would be required to detect a 10% seasonaldifference in pregnancy rates.     

Predictors of Atopic Disease: Cord Blood IgE and Month of Birth

The cumulated incidence of atopic disease before 7 years of age was highly influenced by the cord blood IgE concentration and moderately influenced by the month of birth: obvious atopic disease was more than twice as common in children with high cord blood IgE and born in May than in children with a similar IgE and born in November (P less than 0.05). There was no similarly increased risk for atopic disease among those born in May with low cord blood IgE. Environmental factors thus seem important merely for a high risk population. The findings lend support to family planning when there is especially high genetic risk for atopic disease.     

The spectrum of allergenic pollens in Italy A computerized method of aerobiological monitoring

The monitoring of airborne pollens that provoke allergy is of interest to clinicians to enable them to correlate chronologically the relationship between pollen concentrations in the atmosphere and the symptoms of patients with pollen-related allergies. In Italy there are now 60 centres for monitoring airborne allergenic pollens, the data from which are compiled and filed using software developed by the Italian Association of Aerobiology (AIA) and run on personal computers. These data are then fed into a central data bank to which all centres have access. This information system makes it possible to achieve the following objectives: 1) to standardise monitoring methods, 2) to recognise varieties of pollen that cause allergies, 3) to improve the exchange and comparison of information among operators by compiling the results in graphs, and 4) to notify clinicians about atmospheric concentrations of allergenic pollens so that improved therapy can be provided.     

郑州地区外源性哮喘病人致敏原分析

对253例支气管哮喘病人进行了吸入性致敏原皮肤试验,结果皮试阳性率为60.9%,其中外源性哮喘皮试阳性率90.9%,说明哮喘病发作大多与致敏因素有关,并从中找出郑州地区常见的吸入性致敏原。本文还讨论了哮喘病易发季节与致敏原的消长规律及花粉飘散的关系。     

Early child health in Lahore, Pakistan: VIII. Microbiology

The causative agents of acute diarrhoea were investigated in children under the age of five years from 1985–1991 in three socio-economically different areas in Lahore, Pakistan. The aim was to determine the frequencies of the most common enteropathogens in faeces. The total isolation rate was 73.4%; two thirds (53.5%) were of bacterial and one third (19.9%) of viral origin. ETEC-LT (23.4%), Rota virus (19.9%), EPEC (15%) and Campylobacter (12%) were the single most frequent pathogens in all age groups and areas of living. The positivity of Campylobacter increased from 1.6% to 12% after the change of isolation technique. Shigella was isolated significantly ( p >0.001) more in children over than under one year of age. The incidence of bacterial infections was high during all seasons, while in certain years Rota virus was relatively low in the summer compared to the cooler months. The prevalence of ETEC-LT diarrhoea was higher in the periurban slum as compared to the village and the urban slum. The study is the first of its kind in Pakistan, and the results are similar to other comparable studies. It is thus possible to establish a well functioning and reliable microbiological laboratory in developing countries in a setting with restricted trained personnel and material resources.     

Fine particulate matter on hospital admissions for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in southwestern Taiwan during 2006–2012

This study explored the effects of PM_2.5 on hospital admissions (HAs) for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) in southwestern Taiwan. Data on HAs for AECOPD, pollutants, and meteorological variables were obtained from the National Health Insurance Research Database and Environmental Protection Administration. The relative risks (RRs) of HAs for AECOPD was estimated using the Quasi-Poisson generalized additive model. A total of 38,715 HAs for AECOPD were recorded. The average daily HAs for AECOPD and mean 24-h average level of PM_2.5 were 15.2 and 38.8 µg/m³, respectively. For both single and multiple pollutant (adjusted for O₃ and NO₂) models, increased AECOPD admissions were significantly associated with PM_2.5 during cold season, with the RRs for every 10 µg/m³ increase in PM_2.5 being 1.02 (95% CI = 1.007–1.040) at lag 0–1 in single-pollutant, and 1.02 (95 % CI = 1.001–1.042) at lag 0 day in multiple pollutant model. People 65 years of age and older had higher risk of HAs for AECOPD after PM_2.5 exposure. The RRs of PM_2.5 on HAs for AECOPD were robust after adjusting for O₃ and NO₂. Findings reveal an association between PM_2.5 and HAs for AECOPD in southwestern Taiwan, particularly during cold season.     

Time series analysis of ambient air pollution effects on dynamic stroke mortality

This study aims to examine the correlations between air pollution and dynamic stroke mortality, which is defined as the daily real-time number of deaths from stroke. Death data were obtained from daily medical records of 7230 incidents from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in the Longquanyi District of China from 2016 to 2017. Air pollution data were obtained from environmental monitoring stations in the Longquanyi District. Time series analysis using generalized additive Poisson regression models was applied, and single-pollutant and two-pollutant adjusted models were utilized. Furthermore, categories based on gender, age, and meteorological factors were considered in the analysis. The results indicated that PM2.5, PM10, O₃, and CO had significant effects on dynamic stroke mortality, which were stronger for older people and during the cold season. This study helps hospital managers, patients, and governments seeking to prevent and control the effects of air pollution on the risks of stroke.