《2019年美国预防医学工作组专家共识:妊娠女性HBV感染的筛查》摘译

妊娠期筛查HBV感染(简称筛查)可确定有无围产期母婴传播风险的妇女。制订本共识的目的是更新2009年美国预防医学工作组(USPSTF)关于孕妇HBV感染筛查的建议。USPSTF需要重新确认证据更新,以确定是否存在足够的新证据以改变先前建议。USPSTF通过文献复习以及临床病例管理对筛查的有效性和危害性进行了证据审查。     

Italian chapter of the International Society of cardiovascular ultrasound expert consensus document on training requirements for noncardiologists using hand-carried ultrasound devices

Hand-carried ultrasound devices (HCDs), also named personal use echo, are pocket-size, compact, and battery-equipped echocardiographic systems. They have limited technical capabilities but offer some advantages compared with standard echocardiographic devices due to their simplicity of use, immediate availability at the patient's bedside, transportability, and relatively low cost. Current HCDs are considered as screening tools and are used to complement the physical examination by cardiologists. Many noncardiologic subspecialists, however, have adopted this technologic advancement rapidly raising the concern of an inappropriate use of HCD by health professionals who do not have any specific training. In keeping with the mission of the International Society of Cardiovascular Ultrasound to advance the science and art of cardiovascular ultrasound and encourage the knowledge of this subject, the purpose of this Expert Consensus document is to focus on the training for all health care professionals considering the use of HCD. Accordingly, this paper summarizes general aspects of HCD, such as technical characteristics and clinical indications, and then details the specific training requirements for noncardiologists (i.e., training program, minimum case load, duration, and certification of competence).     

An expert consensus on the evaluation and treatment of acute thoracolumbar spine and spinal cord injury in China

This is an expert consensus on the evaluation and treatment of thoracolumbar spinal injury, estab- lished from February 2009 to July 2010. The expert consensus consists mainly of six parts with a total of 54 recommendations including the overview （one item）; pre-hospital care （one item）; evaluation and diagnosis （13 items）; treatment （23 items）; prevention and treatment of major com- plications （12 items）; and rehabilitation （four items）. This is the first time that Chinese experts have published a consensus on spine and spinal cord injury. The expert consensus was established based on Delphi methods, literature analysis, and clinical experiences. Each recommendation is supported by and was interpreted using multi-level evidences. The level of agreement with the rec- ommendation among the panel members was assessed as either low, moderate, or strong. Each panel member was asked to indicate his or her level of agreement on a 5-point scale, with ＂1＂ cor- respondJng to neutrality and ＂5＂ representJng maxJmum agreement. Scores were aggregated across the panel members and an arithmetic mean was calculated. This mean score was then translated into low, moderate, or strong. After all of the votes were collected and calculated, the results showed no low-level recommendations, 10 moderate-level recommendations, and 44 strong-level recom- mendations. An expert consensus was reached and was recognized by Chinese spine surgeons. Wide-scale adoption of these recommendations is urgent in the management of acute thora- columbar spine and spinal cord injury in a broader attempt to create a standard evaluation and treatment strategy for acute thoracolumbar spine and spinal cord injury in China.     

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胰岛素促泌剂是治疗2型糖尿病的主要口服降糖药,包括磺脲类和格列奈类两大类。为科学合理地指导临床用药,中华医学会内分泌学分会的专家对胰岛素促泌剂在我国成人2型糖尿病中的应用(包括其分类、作用机制、安全性、用药原则等)进行详尽的探讨并达成共识,文章就此次达成的共识进行简要解读。     

解读“亚洲人群糖尿病黄斑水肿管理专家小组共识”

随着糖尿病患病率的增加,全球糖尿病视网膜病变和糖尿病黄斑水肿患者人数日益增长,而亚洲糖尿病人口的增长预计将比全球平均增长更严重,主要归因于糖尿病发病较早、患者缺乏筛查意识导致就诊延迟、费用昂贵导致患者依从性差以及由于缺乏健康教育而对糖尿病的了解不足等因素。如何基于以上原因以及治疗方面进行规范管理一直是众多眼科医师的困扰。本文将对最新的“亚洲人群糖尿病黄斑水肿管理专家小组共识”进行解读,旨在帮助眼科医师对亚洲人群糖尿病黄斑水肿患者进行规范化诊治。     

心血管疾病戒烟干预中国专家共识

吸烟是心血管疾病的独立危险因素,并且也是患者唯一能够自我控制的致病因素。许多心血管医生已经认识到吸烟的危害和戒烟干预的重要性,但尚缺乏相应的戒烟知识和戒烟技巧。本共识通过全面总结吸烟的危害和戒烟的益处,     

Executive Summary of the 2013 International Society for Clinical Densitometry Position Development Conference on Body Composition

There have been many scientific advances in measurement of fat and lean body mass as determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) convened a Position Development Conference (PDC) on the use of DXA for body composition measurement. Previously, no guidelines to the use of DXA for body composition existed. The recommendations pertain to clinically relevant issues regarding DXA indications of use, acquisition, analysis, quality control, interpretation, and reporting were addressed. The topics and questions for consideration were developed by the ISCD Board of Directors and the Scientific Advisory Committee and were designed to address the needs of clinical practitioners. Three Task Forces were created and assigned these questions and asked to conduct comprehensive literature reviews. The Task Forces included participants from 6 countries and a variety of interests including academic institutions, private clinics, and industry. Reports with proposed Position Statements were then presented to an international panel of experts with backgrounds in DXA and bone densitometry and a variety of fields that use body composition measures. The PDC was held in Tampa, FL, contemporaneously with the Annual Meeting of the ISCD, March 21 through March 23, 2013. This report describes the methodology of the 2013 ISCD Body Composition PDC and summarizes the results. Three separate articles in this issue will detail the rationale, discussion, and additional research topics for each question the Task Forces addressed.     

影像学引导下不可逆电穿孔消融治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤专家共识(2022版)

不可逆电穿孔(IRE)为消融治疗肿瘤技术,尤其适用于特殊部位实体肿瘤,可不损伤血管及胆道等肿瘤周围结构,常用于消融治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤。近年来国内专家对于IRE消融治疗肝脏肿瘤已获得了成熟经验。为更好发挥IRE优势和规范临床操作、最大限度避免相关并发症,特召集国内相关专家讨论制定此共识,供临床参考。