益气复智颗粒对多发脑梗死性痴呆模型大鼠脑组织细胞凋亡的影响

目的 观察益气复智颗粒对多发脑梗死性痴呆模型大鼠脑皮质形态学、细胞凋亡的影响。方法 采用颈内动脉注射血栓的方法，复制多发梗死性痴呆大鼠模型，观察益气复智颗粒12．42g/kg分别于手术前、手术前后、手术后灌胃对实验动物脑皮质形态学、细胞凋亡的影响。结果 益气复智颗粒能使脑缺血后脑内神经细胞凋亡数目下降。结论 益气复智颗粒具有较好的保护脑神经元，阻断脑缺血致神经细胞死亡病理过程的作用。     

Multiple tachykinin binding sites in peripheral tissues and in brain

Tachykinin binding sites in guinea pig urinary bladder (GPUB), rat salivary gland (RSG), hamster urinary bladder (HUB), rat vas deferens (RVD) and rat cerebral cortex (RCC) were compared using ¹²⁵I-Bolton Hunter conjugates of substance P (¹²⁵I-BHSP), eledoisin (¹²⁵I-BHE) and neurokinin A (¹²⁵I-BHNKA). In typical SP-P tissues (GPUB, RSG) and in RCC, SP was the most potent displacer of ¹²⁵I-BHSP and [Glp⁶, D-Pro⁹]-SP(6–11) was 90 times less active than [Glp⁶, L-Pro⁹]-SP(6–11) while SP methyl ester (SPOMe) was 5–10 times more active than the Bolton Hunter conjugate of SPOMe (I-BHSPOMe). On the other hand, in typical SP-E tissues (HUB, RVD), neurokinin A was most potent in displacing ¹²⁵I-BHE and [Glp⁶,D-Pro⁹]-SP(6–11) was over 300 times more active than [Glp⁶,L-Pro⁹]-SP(6–11) while SPOMe was 160 times less active than I-BHSPOMe. In rat cerebral cortex, the rank order of potency of tachykinins and related analogues in displacing ¹²⁵I-BHE was distinct from that of peripheral SP-E sites, with neurokinin B being the most potent displacer, and SPOMe was over 1 000 times more active than I-BHSPOMe; ¹²⁵I-BHE binding sites in CNS may represent a third category of tachykinin receptor, designated SP-N.     

Synchronous growth of triple lung cancer

The case of a 75-year-old man with three synchronous carcinomas of the lung (large cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and small cell carcinoma) is reported. This is the eighth well-documented case report in the literature; however, our case is the first to be reported with the newly described histological combination.     

Clusterlike Headache as a First Sign of Brain Metastases of Lung Cancer

We report on a patient with clusterlike headache and multiple brain metastases of lung cancer. Initially, cluster headache was suggested clinically by characteristic symptoms without any focal central nervous system signs. However, magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated multiple brain metastases. It is possible that tumor necrosis factor may have played a role in initiating the clusterlike headache.     

Tests of autonomic dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis

Autonomic dysfunction is frequent in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The sympathetic skin response (SSR) and the R-R interval variation (RRIV) are simple electrophysiologic tests for the assessment of central and peripheral autonomic disturbances. Both tests were performed in 60 patients with clinically definite MS and 30 controls. The SSR was recorded simultaneously from both upper and both lower limbs. In all volunteers normal responses were recorded from the four limbs, but 39 patients (65%) showed abnormal responses in at least one limb. The reduction in amplitude of the response was correlated with patients' EDSS. In individual limbs, the SSR amplitude correlated with weakness, spasticity and cerebellar dysfunction, but was not sufficiently related to the deep sensory loss. The RRIV was abnormal in 48 MS patients (80%), as compared to the controls, but showed no significant relationship either to the EDSS or to the SSR. The sensitivity of SSR and RRIV is high and comparable with that of visual and somatosensory evoked potentials.     

Reflection on the geographic distribution of multiple sclerosis in France

The geographic distribution of multiple sclerosis within the 95 Départements and the 21 Régions of France was defined from a 1986 nationwide prevalence series derived from questionnaires. This indicated a significant clustering of high frequency regions in the northeastern part of the country with most significantly low areas in the south and west. Distributions were similar to those for MS death rates by Département and Région for 1968–1977, indicating geographic stability over time; but there was also evidence of diffusion over time. The 1986 prevalence distribution was also compared with all published prevalence rates for communities of France. From all these resources we conclude that all of France falls within the "high frequency zone" for MS, that the nationwide prevalence rate is at least 50 per 100000 population, and that there is evidence of geographic clustering of the disease with temporal spread of the cluster.     

Genetics: Genetic analysis prior to selective fetal reduction in multiple pregnancy: technical aspects and clinical outcome

Multiple pregnancies resulting from ovarian stimulation areat a higher risk of carrying at least one fetus affected byMendelian or chromosomal anomalies, the incidence of which isdirectly related to the order of multiples. Genetic analysisbefore fetal reduction was offered to both high-and low-riskpregnant women carrying two or more fetuses after ovulationinduction. Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and fetal reductionwere achieved by transabdominal needling. The use of short-termculture, the polymerase chain reaction and fresh tissue enzymaticanalyses have made it possible for genetic diagnosis to be availablein a few days. A total of 100 patients had multifetal pregnancyreduction performed by a single operator; all of them completedpregnancy and none was lost at follow-up. The total fetal lossbefore 24 weeks was 7% and no statistically significant relationshipwas found with the final number of fetuses and CVS. Perinatallosses (3.9%) were only present in the series with a final numberof two fetuses. Pregnancy duration and birthweight were significantlyhigher in singletons than in twins, but were not related toCVS. The rate of chromosomal disorders was higher (7.2%) inthe study series than in singleton pregnancies not undergoingfetal reduction. Diagnostic error due to incorrect samplingwas reported in 1.5% of cases. These data support fetal reductionas a valuable strategy to improve the outcome of multiple pregnancy.The outcome of pregnancies reduced to singletons was significantlybetter than of those reduced to twins, and was not related toCVS. Therefore, prenatal genetic diagnosis should become anintegral part of counselling on multiple pregnancy, and is stronglyrecommended when reduction to singleton pregnancy is requested.     

Transitional progressive multiple sclerosis: MRI and MTI findings

Transitional progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) is quite an unusual form of presentation and course of the disease. A case with this progressive form is presented and brain MRI and MTI findings are discussed in relation to the possible insight they may provide for understanding the mechanisms that determine progressive disability in MS.     

肺脏在老龄大鼠多器官衰竭中的作用

目的：探讨肺脏在老龄大鼠多器官衰竭中的作用。方法：一次性静脉主射大肠杆菌内毒素，复制出老龄大鼠多器官衰竭（ＭＯＦ）实验模型。动态观察了五个时相组（１、２，６、１２，２４ｈ）的有关免疫，生化功能指标和病理变化。     

Uhthoff's symptom in multiple sclerosis

A case report is presented in which a patient's initial complaint is of blurred vision after exercise (Uhthoffs symptom). Visual acuity and colour vision were found to be reduced after exercise. Additional neurological signs included homonymous scotomata and delayed visual evoked and somatosensory responses. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated multiple abnormal lesions in the brain. The significance of this symptom and its relationship to multiple sclerosis are discussed.