Leg lengthening in children—a retrospective review of anaesthetic management in 61 children including 14 with achondroplasia

The peri-operative anaesthetic management of 61 children undergoing leg lengthening procedures on 72 occasions has been analysed retrospectively. The findings are discussed and the operations performed are described. Twenty-one anaesthetics were administered to 14 achondroplastic children with no major problems. The main challenge for the anaesthetist is the management of postoperative pain to gain the confidence of the patient whose co-operation is vital during a protracted leg lengthening programme.     

Serial transverse enteroplasty as primary therapy for neonates with proximal jejunal atresia

Small bowel atresia is associated with a large size discrepancy between the proximal and distal segments of bowel that has traditionally been managed by resection of the dilated segment, tapering enteroplasty, or plication. Longitudinal intestinal lengthening is rarely performed at the time of the initial operation. Many patients with small bowel atresia also have a short length of residual small intestine secondary to in utero resorption. The authors present the clinical application of the novel intestinal lengthening procedure, the serial transverse enteroplasty, in a neonate with proximal jejunal atresia and suggest that it become part of the armamentarium for surgeons treating patients with this anomaly.     

Limb lengthening by epiphyseal distraction in chondrodystrophic bone: an experimental study in the canine femur

Epiphyseal distraction of the left distal femur was accomplished in 18 chondrodystrophic dogs (age 19-22 weeks). A distraction rate of 0.5 mm/day was applied by means of a unilateral device. Epiphysiolysis occurred after 4 to 9 days. Lengthening was continued for 3 weeks. The animals were killed at 3 (Group 1; n = 5), 19 (Group 2; n = 10), and 71 (Group 3; n = 3) weeks after the end of distraction to verify the magnitude of elongation at removal of the device (Group 1) and at the time of growth cessation (Groups 2 and 3), and to register possible permanent secondary joint changes (Group 3). The average lengthening of 1.2 cm (12.3%) at removal of the device was reduced to 0.7 cm (6.4%) at cessation of growth. The middiaphyseal diameter of the elongated femur was enlarged after the lengthening procedure in all animals. The average torsional strength of the elongated femur compared with the contralateral control was 83% in Group 1, 98% in Group 2, and 107% in Group 3. Degenerative changes were observed in the knee joints of three animals in each group. A two-way analysis of variance was applied for all data sets to test differences between control and elongated bones and between time periods. The reduction in gained length by retardation of residual growth in the distal femur was significant (p less than 0.05). The difference in external diameter between lengthened and control bones was significant in Groups 1 and 3 (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

�����ӳ�����

牙冠延长手术保留了大量的残根、残冠，但也带来了医疗纠纷的隐患。选择好手术适应证及充分的交流是手术成功的关键。临床检查包括断端的位置、角化龈的宽度、系带的附丽、冠根比、根分叉病变等情况。为了充分地暴露断端，保留角化龈的宽度，必须采取不同的手术方式。     

双侧钩槽式骨延长器

介绍了一种可持续进行骨延升的新型双侧钩槽式骨延长器系列，主要用于治疗肢体短缩和不等长，它主要由槽式连接杆、延长螺杆、钩式螺栓、压紧螺母和固定针构成。可根据骨延长术的需要进行各个方向和各种角度的调节，以随时调整肢体长轴线。固定针尚可固定在连接杆前后两面，形成稳定的三角构形。轻便、价廉，功能多样，操作简单、方便，也适合基层医院应用。     

Ilizarov技术结合髓内克氏针治疗先天性胫骨假关节

目的介绍用Ilizarov技术结合髓内克氏针治疗先天性胫骨假关节的临床经验和疗效.方法4例术前均经数次手术,1例为初诊,通过截去假关节和病变骨膜,用克氏针进行力线矫正急性肢体短缩并上伊氏环急性断端加压,4例同时行胫骨近端截骨延长.结果5例均取得骨性愈合,1例出现再骨折,均残留轻度足外翻畸形.结论Ilizarov技术结合髓内克氏针临床疗效可靠,拆除外固定架后仍需长期支具保护.     

The effect of botulinum toxin type A injections on the natural history of equinus foot deformity in paediatric cerebral palsy patients

Neuromuscular blockade with botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injections was employed to manage equinus foot deformity in the lower extremities of paediatric cerebral palsy patients. The patients were followed to evaluate the effect of the blockade on lower extremity function and to determine the effect of treatment on the need for tendo-Achilles lengthening (TAL) surgery. The average length of follow-up was 3.4 years. Of the 48 patients, 17 (35%) responded to treatment witbin 6 months of initiation of therapy, as determined by a Physician Rating Scale of gait. Overall, 25 (52%) of the 48 patients underwent TAL surgery during the follow-up period, including eight patients who responded to the BTX-A treatment. The average age of the patients at the time of surgery was 7 years. This age compares favourably with the age at surgery reported in the recent literature. There were no significant differences by responder status, age, or gender in those patients who did and did not require TAL surgery. No adverse events relating to BTX-A were reported. These results indicate that patients who respond to BTX-A treatment have improved physical functioning and gait, and are able to sustain these results long term.     

张应力对深筋膜Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原影响的实验研究

目的研究张应力对深筋膜Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原分布及构成的影响。方法建立新西兰大白兔胫骨延长模型,延长速度为1mm/d和2mm/d,每12h一个增量,延长率为胫骨长度的10%和20%。以苦味酸天狼猩红染色,观察深筋膜Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原的变化,以图象分析系统分析I、III型胶原相对含量的变化,并进行统计学分析(ANOVA)。结果正常深筋膜主要由I型胶原构成。肢体延长后,III型胶原相对含量增加,而1mm/d,延长率20%的筋膜胶原构成最接近正常。结论深筋膜在张应力的作用下其Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原的分布及构成发生了变化,1mm/d的延长速度,20%的延长率的方案下深筋膜胶原构成与正常最为接近。     

Effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on distraction osteogenesis

Investigators in the present study explored the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy on distraction osteogenesis in a rabbit limb-lengthening model. HBO treatment was provided to participants in a small animal pressure chamber once a day during the latent period of distraction osteogenesis at 2.5 absolute atmospheres of pressure. Bone mineral density measurements were obtained through torsional testing. The control group received no HBO treatment. Animals were killed 8 wk postoperatively for biomechanical testing. There was a statistically significant increase in bone mineral density in the HBO group compared with that in the non-HBO group, but no statistically significant differences were observed between biomechanical parameters of the 2 groups. The investigators suggest that these results must be further studied through histologic examination to determine the stepwise effects of HBO during and after collagen synthesis.