复合骨皮瓣移植联合骨延长修复下肢烧伤伴软组织并骨缺损

目的：比较传统腓骨皮瓣联合异体骨移植与复合骨皮瓣移植联合骨延长分期修复治疗下肢烧伤致严重软组织并骨缺损的疗效。方法：回顾分析2015年3月至2018年1月下肢烧伤致严重软组织并骨缺损患者68例,依据治疗方案分为对照组34例与研究组34例。所有患者存在不同程度软组织及骨组织缺损,研究组34例采取复合骨皮瓣移植联合骨延长分期修复治疗,男22例,女12例;年龄32~46（39.18±6.01）岁;受伤至治疗时间（16.69±5.11）h;致伤原因：爆炸伤28例,火器烧伤6例;骨缺损长度（12.10±2.34）cm;左侧16例,右侧18例。对照组34例采取腓骨皮瓣联合异体骨移植治疗,男24例,女10例;年龄31~47（38.93±5.81）岁;受伤至治疗时间（17.10±5.63）h;爆炸伤30例,火器烧伤4例;骨缺损长度（11.96±2.51）cm;左侧19例,右侧15例。所有患者随访6个月,记录两组术前及术后3、6个月肢体功能Fugl-Meyer分值（FMA）,术后6个月的治疗满意度、疗效和并发症。结果：肢体功能：术前两组FMA分值间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,术后3、6个月两组FMA分值较术前增高（P<0.05）,且研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）。术后6个月疗效：研究组治疗优良率（94.12%）高于对照组（76.47%）（P<0.05）。术后6个月患者治疗满意度：研究组治疗满意度（94.12%）高于对照组（76.47%）（P<0.05）。并发症：研究组并发症发生率（14.71%）,对照组（26.47%）,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。。结论：联合采取复合骨皮瓣移植及骨延长分期修复治疗下肢烧伤致严重软组织并骨缺损,可取得良好治疗效果,改善患者肢体功能,治疗满意度较高,且具有一定安全性。     

Role of sodium channels in recovery of sciatic nerve‐stretch injury in rats

Introduction: To elucidate the mechanism of functional recovery after gradual nerve‐stretch injury, we used rats in which the femur length was increased by 15 mm at 1.5 mm/day. Methods: We performed electrophysiology, mRNA analysis of tetrodotoxin‐resistant voltage‐gated sodium channels (TTX‐R VGSCs) in dorsal root ganglia, and histology of unmyelinated sciatic nerve fibers and examined pain thresholds at 1, 10, 20, and 30 days after cessation of lengthening. Results: Electrophysiology revealed conduction block after cessation that recovered after 30 days. TTX‐R VGSC levels decreased immediately after cessation but were restored after 10 (Nav1.9) or 20 (Nav1.8) days. Histology revealed that injured unmyelinated nerve fibers regenerate 30 days after cessation. Pain threshold decreased gradually during lengthening but had not recovered to the control group level after 30 days. Conclusions: Early restoration of TTX‐R VGSC mRNA in dorsal root ganglia preceded functional recovery of stretched nerves before regeneration of injured unmyelinated nerve fibers. Muscle Nerve 50 : 425–430, 2014     

牙冠延长术改善前牙牙龈美观效果的临床观察

目的探讨对龈-牙性露龈笑及龈缘不齐患者行牙冠延长术后的美学效果。方法对53例龈-牙性露龈笑或龈缘不齐患者共285颗患牙行牙冠延长术,用龈缘顶点水平（gingival zenith level,GZL）及微笑线水平评价治疗前后美学效果,并通过视觉模拟评分法（visual analogue scale,VAS）评价患者治疗前后的满意度。结果牙冠延长术后,患牙GZL均达到美学标准,微笑线水平符合Ⅱ、Ⅲ类美学标准,患者对牙龈美学满意度有显著性提高。结论通过正确选择适应证及精细的手术操作,龈-牙性露龈笑及龈缘不齐可通过牙冠延长术获得满意的美学效果。     

美学牙冠延长术对于烤瓷修复前韵准备

目的：牙冠根向延长术属于是一种常见的牙周手术术式,其去除部分牙槽骨,可以降低龈缘的位置,重建生物学宽度,延长过短的临床牙冠,这样将有利于解决和修复前牙的美观问题。方法：将15例应用牙冠延长术对前牙进行美容修复治疗,均取得了良好的效果。结论：通过牙冠根向延长术保留临床上一定比例冠折牙,并解决临床过短牙冠的美观问题,使其获得较好的美学修复。     

Telomeres and telomere dynamics: relevance to cancers of the GI tract

Aberrations in telomere length and telomere maintenance contribute to cancer development. In this article, we review the basic principles of telomere length in normal and tumor tissue and the presence of the two main telomere maintenance pathways as they pertain to gastrointestinal tract cancer. Peripheral blood telomeres are shorter in patients with many types of gastrointestinal tract cancers. Telomere length in tumor DNA also appears to shorten early in cancer development. Tumor telomere shortening is often accompanied by telomerase activation to protect genetically damaged DNA from normal cell senescence or apoptosis, allowing immortalized but damaged DNA to persist. Alternative lengthening of telomeres is another mechanism used by cancer to maintain telomere length in cancer cells. Telomerase and alternative lengthening of telomeres activators and inhibitors may become important chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic agents as our understanding of telomere biology, specific telomere-related phenotypes and its relationship to carcinogenesis increases.     

Quantitative analysis of eyelash lengthening following topical latanoprost therapy

BACKGROUND: There have been several reports, mostly qualitative, of ocular side effects of latanoprost, including lengthening of eyelashes. We investigated changes in eyelash length in patients receiving topically administered latanoprost. METHODS: Seventeen patients (11 men and 6 women aged 63 to 80 years) with glaucoma or ocular hypertension were treated with latanoprost (one drop to one eye daily at bedtime). All had dark brown irises. At the start of treatment and after 2, 6 and 10 weeks of treatment, a single eyelash was removed from the centre of the upper eyelid of the treated and fellow (control) eyes and measured. Adverse events (defined as any undesirable event occurring in a subject, regardless of whether it was considered related to the latanoprost treatment) were monitored carefully. At each examination patients were asked whether they had any ocular or systemic symptoms. RESULTS: For the eyes treated with latanoprost, the mean eyelash length (and standard deviation) was 5.8 mm (0.7 mm) at baseline, 6.5 mm (0.6 mm) at 2 weeks, 6.5 mm (0.9 mm) at 6 weeks and 6.6 mm (0.7 mm) at 10 weeks (p < 0.001 for all differences from baseline). The corresponding values for the untreated eyes were 5.7 mm (0.7 mm), 5.8 mm (0.7 mm), 5.9 mm (0.7 mm) and 5.6 mm (0.7 mm); all differences were nonsignificant. INTERPRETATION: Latanoprost significantly increases eyelash length.     

股骨牵拉延长术治疗新生儿化脓性关节炎后严重短肢畸形

介绍一种治疗急性化脓性髋关节炎后合并下肢不等长超过５．０ｃｍ患儿的方法。本组共治疗４例蔡氏ⅣＢ型新生儿急性化脓性髋关节炎后遗症患儿，年龄７～１３岁，临床症状有股骨头、颈的完全破坏，髋关节全或半脱位及双下肢不等长。术前均并发下肢其他关节化脓性炎症，术前用扫描图像法测量双下肢长度相差６．９～１４．００ｍ。采用外固定骨痂牵拉延长术治疗，３例外固定架为Ｉｌｉｚａｒｏｖ环形架，１例为Ｏｒｔｈｏｆｉｘ单侧架，牵拉后延长股骨４．５～１３．０ｃｍ。术后随访２．５～３．５年，其中３例可以不用支具独立行走。该方法疗效满意，牵拉治疗中应重视关节功能练习，一旦膝关节功能减退，则暂停一段时间，加强功能练习后再进行牵拉。