糖尿病患者下肢动脉管壁内膜-中层厚度的研究

目的 研究糖尿病与动脉硬化性血管障碍的关系。方法 对６０例糖尿病患者及６０例非糖尿病患者进行超声检查,两侧下肢动脉内径（Ｄ）、内膜－中层厚度（ＩＭＴ）、收缩期最高速度（Ｍａｘ）、舒张期速度（Ｍｉｎ）、搏动指数（ＰＩ）、阻力指数（ＲＩ）及有无斑块形成,进行统计。结果 ＩＭＴ糖尿病组较非糖尿病组增厚（Ｐ〈０．０１）,各项血流参数在糖尿 且与非糖尿病组间差别无显著性（Ｐ〈０．０５）。结论 下肢动脉的ＩＭ     

Flexible tantalum stents for the treatment of renovascular hypertension: a 10-year experience

The aim of this study was to determine long-term success of flexible tantalum stents for the treatment of ostial and truncal renal artery stenosis. Since 1989, flexible tantalum stents (type Strecker) were implanted in 34 patients (36 arteries, 25 ostial lesions, 11 truncal lesions) with uncontrollable renovascular hypertension, 9 of them in association with renal insufficiency. Stents were placed unilaterally in 32 patients, and bilaterally in 2 patients for the treatment of renal artery stenosis. Thirty-five of 36 lesions were atherosclerotic, including 5 recurrencies after previous percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA). One patient had Takayasu arteritis. Stents were implanted after unsuccessful PTRA of 11 truncal and 23 ostial lesions, and as a primary procedure in 2 ostial lesions. Follow-up examinations included blood pressure measurement, determination of serum creatinine level, color duplex sonography, or angiography. The technical success rate was 92 %. Technical failure included incorrect stent placement (1 of 36 lesions, 2.8 %), and stent dislocation (2 of 36 lesions, 5.6 %), and two stents were retrieved percutaneously. In one case of Takayasu arteritis, residual stenosis of 40 % was observed. After technically successful stent placement, 77 % of patients became normotensive with or without medication. In the remaining patients there was partial improvement with blood pressure between 140 and 180 mmHg. Renal function improved in 76 % of patients (completely in 3 of 8, 38 %; and partially in 3 of 8, 38 %). Primary patency rate including all stented lesions and initial technical failures was 82.4 % ± 6.8 (1 year) and 82.4 % ± 9.2 (3 years). After technically successful stent placement, patency rates were 89.9 ± 5.6 % (1 year), and 89.9 ± 7.6 % (3 years). For ostial lesions, primary patency rate was 87.9 ± 6.7 % (1 year) and 87.9 ± 9.2 % (3 years). Placement of flexible tantalum stents in renal arteries is technically demanding, especially in ostial lesions. Once placed successfully, stent patency rate is excellent. Received: 8 December 1999; Accepted: 23 February 2000     

Influence of opioids on the vascular tone of isolated porcine coronary artery segments

BACKGROUND: It was the aim of this study to elucidate the influence of opioids on coronary vascular tone using the model of isolated porcine coronary artery segments. METHODs: We studied the effects of fentanyl (0.01, 0.1, 1.0 microg ml(-1)), alfentanil (0.1, 1.0, 10 microg ml(-1)), and sufentanil (0.01, 0.1, 1.0 microg ml(-1)) on the contractile response to three vasoconstrictors, acetylcholine, histamine and serotonin. RESULTS: Fentanyl (0.1, 1.0 microg x ml(-1)) dose-dependently attenuated the contractile response to acetylcholine, but not to histamine and serotonin. There were no differences in fentanyl's vasorelaxing potency between rings with intact and denuded endothelium. Alfentanil and sufentanil did not exert any significant influence on any of the vasoconstrictors tested. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that, in isolated porcine coronary artery rings, fentanyl at high concentrations has an attenuating effect on acetylcholine-induced contractions, which is independent of endothelial function, whereas alfentanil and sufentanil do not influence coronary vascular tone.     

Efficacy of targeted CT angiography in evaluation of intracranial internal carotid artery disease

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the efficacy of targeted computed tomographic (CT) angiography in the diagnosis of intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) disease and compared the results of routine and targeted CT angiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-four patients (24 male and 30 female patients aged 2 months to 87 years) were examined with CT angiography. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed in 42. CT angiograms were reconstructed with the maximum-intensity projection (MIP) algorithm. Targeted CT angiography was performed by individually reconstructing a single ICA territory. Each ICA was divided into four segments, and findings of routine MIP CT angiography, routine MIP plus targeted CT angiography, and DSA were reviewed independently by two neuroradiologists for vascular lesions involving each segment. Routine and targeted CT angiograms were also evaluated to determine how well both ICAs were visualized. RESULTS: Routine CT angiography was rated good or excellent for ICA visualization in 64% of cases, compared with 81% for targeted CT angiography (P = .0005). The overall agreement between routine CT angiography and DSA and between routine plus targeted CT angiography and DSA was 92% and 94%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the percentages of vascular lesions detected with routine CT angiography alone and with routine plus targeted CT angiography. Both methods tended to show false-positive findings of steno-occlusive disease, but targeted CT angiography showed details of aneurysms and stenotic lesions that were easily overlooked with routine CT angiography alone. CONCLUSION: Routine plus targeted CT angiography, while providing superior image quality, did not have much clinical effect; further assessment may be needed.     

兔颈动脉球囊损伤后内膜增生的实验研究

目的　制作兔颈动脉球囊损伤后再狭窄模型 ,观察兔颈动脉球囊损伤后内膜增生的动态变化 ,探讨再狭窄的可能机制。方法　健康雄性家兔 40只 ,随机分为正常对照组 ( 10只 ) ,实验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组 ,实验组行右颈总动脉血管成形术 ,并分别于术后第1、2和 4周处死实验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组 ,第 4周同时处死对照组兔。光镜下观察内膜损伤后形态学变化 ,并进行图像分析。结果　与对照组比 ,实验组内膜面积呈持续性显著增加 (P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1) ,管腔面积从第 2周开始呈持续性显著减少 (P <0 0 1)。结论　兔颈动脉球囊损伤能较好的模拟再狭窄形成过程 ,球囊损伤后内膜增生是管腔狭窄的主要因素     

脐血血气分析与胎心监护图形预测胎儿宫内窘迫的临床价值

目的结合脐血血气，探讨不同类型胎心监护图形预测胎儿窘迫的临床价值。方法测定68例胎心监护图形为不良图形（早期减速、晚期减速、轻度变异减速、重度变异减速、轻度心动过速）的新生儿（观察组）和20例胎心监护正常图形的新生儿（对照组）出生后脐动脉血血气分析值，血气测其pH、BE、PCO2、PO2值。结果观察组与对照组血气分析中pH、BE、PCO2、PO2等对应指标比较差异无显著性（P均〉0．05）。观察组中，重度变异减速者及晚期减速者pH、PCO2、PO2、BE与对照组相比差异非常显著（P均〈0．01）。轻度心动过速、轻度变异减速、早期减速者的pH、PCO2、PO2、BE与对照组相比差异均无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论胎心监护不良图形中重度变异减速与晚期减速与胎儿窘迫的发生密切相关。早期减速、轻度心动过速及轻度变异减速与胎儿窘迫的发生无必然联系。     

肝素在治疗妊娠中晚期脐动脉血流异常的临床探讨

目的探讨肝素对妊娠中晚期脐动脉血流异常的影响,以便寻找改善脐动脉血流异常的有效治疗方法。方法采用脐动脉血流收缩期最大血流速度(S)与舒张末期血流速度(D)的比值,将脐动脉血流S/D比值大于相应孕周的第95百分位以上的83例妊娠中晚期妇女共85例胎儿(2例双胎)分为研究组(41例孕妇,42例胎儿)和对照组(42例孕妇,43例胎儿)。研究组应用肝素6 250 u+5%葡萄糖500 mL;对照组应用低分子右旋糖酐500 mL,丹参30 mL+10%葡萄糖500 mL。定期复查脐动脉血流S/D比值(每天1次)。结果研究组平均每天脐动脉血流S/D比值下降0.39,对照组平均每天脐动脉血流S/D比值下降0.12,两组结果比较差异具有显著性(t=3.45,P<0.05)。研究组所需治疗时间显著短于对照组(3.5±2.7 vs 7.3±3.1d),两组比较差异具有显著性(t=5.83,P<0.01)。研究组脐动脉血流S/D比值下降率为100%,对照组为68.3%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.12,P<0.05)。结论肝素可显著改善妊娠中晚期脐动脉血流异常,效果显著,疗程缩短,值得推广。     

鼻咽部纤维血管瘤供血动脉术前栓塞的临床应用

目的 探讨选择性动脉栓塞对鼻咽部纤维血管瘤手术的应用价值。方法 对12例鼻咽部纤维血管瘤行术前栓塞，供血动脉主要为颈外动脉系统，以其分支颌内动脉多见；部分有颈内动脉系统参与供血。结果 12例病人于栓塞术后2～3d行手术切除术，术中出血减少，肿瘤易于剥离。结论 鼻咽部纤维血管瘤术前栓塞疗效肯定，应作为术前常规准备。     

以肾移植受体腹壁下动脉重建移植肾副肾动脉的临床应用

目的 探讨以受体腹壁下动脉(inferior epigastric artery, IEA)重建移植肾副肾动脉(accessory renal artery,ARA)的临床应用价值.方法 26只移植肾中16只为单支型ARA,10只为多支型整形后余留单支型ARA;ARA位于上极12支,中部4支,下极10支;开口直径1.5～3.5mm;用亚甲蓝灌注显示动脉血供范围.行ARA与受者IEA端-端吻合,其中6例上极ARA过短,将移植肾上下位置翻转后吻合.结果 26例均吻合成功,再通血流后移植肾ARA供血范围血供恢复良好.术后3d,多普勒超声检查显示:21例局部血流正常; 5例局部动脉阻力指数增高,至术后15～21d恢复正常.本组受者术后3d内血清肌酐和肌酐清除率与同期对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),随访6个月,无输尿管坏死和局部动脉栓塞发生.结论 应用受体IEA可以重建移植肾ARA,血管吻合过程不影响肾功能恢复,适用于ARA与肾动脉主干或其他动脉吻合存在困难的患者.