局部进展期胰腺癌调强放疗剂量递增临床研究

目的探索调强放射治疗 (IMRT)提高进展期胰腺癌局部肿瘤靶区剂量以及减少周围正常组织照射剂量的可能性。　方法 2 1例局部进展期胰腺癌患者接受同期放化疗。放射治疗分第一阶段予常规放射治疗 ,剂量30Gy/ 15次 / 3周 ;第二阶段强调放射治疗 ,肿瘤靶区分割剂量 3Gy/次 ,总剂量为 2 1～30Gy ,在 2周内分 7～10次完成。总剂量递增水平 :5 1、5 4、5 7、6 0Gy。在放射治疗过程中 ,每个治疗日 5 -FU静脉点滴。　结果 16例完成治疗计划 ,分别为 5 1Gy 3例、5 4Gy 3例、5 7Gy 3例 ,6 0Gy 7例。 13例治疗前CA19- 9值升高 ,中位值治疗前后分别为 716、2 5 5U/ml(P <0 .0 0 1)。 14例以疼痛为主的患者至少减少 1/ 3～1/ 2的麻醉药品用量 ,其中 5例疼痛症状完全消失。10例患者治疗后卡氏评分有提高。　结论局部进展期胰腺癌患者接受适形调强放疗并同期应用 5 -Fu化疗增敏 ,可获得确切的姑息治疗作用 ,肿瘤剂量 6 0Gy分 2 5次在 5周完成 ,无严重的放射治疗相关的急性毒性反应     

Impact of Induction Chemotherapy and Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy on Operative Morbidity and Mortality in Patients with Locoregional Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach or Gastroesophageal Junction

Background Significant tumor downstaging has been achieved in patients with localized gastric or gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma by induction chemotherapy and preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CTX–CTXRT). However, the influence of CTX–CTXRT on operative morbidity and mortality has not yet been clarified. The aim of the present study was to document the frequency and nature of morbidity and mortality after surgery combined with CTX–CTXRT, and identify factors predictive of postoperative complications in patients with localized gastric or gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. Methods A prospectively collected database on 71 consecutive patients who underwent CTX–CTXRT at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center between January 1997 and August 2004 was reviewed. Postoperative morbidity and mortality were investigated, and risk factors for overall complications were identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Overall morbidity and mortality rates were 38.0% (27 patients) and 2.8% (2 patients), respectively. Age greater than 60 years [relative risk 11.3 (95% confidence interval 2.50–50.6)] and body mass index (BMI) of 26 kg/m² or above [relative risk 4.08 (95% confidence interval 1.08–15.4)] were significant risk factors for overall complications. Conclusions CTX–CTXRT can be performed safely with an acceptable operative morbidity and a low operative mortality rate in patients with gastric or gastroesophageal cancer, with careful consideration of added risk associated with age and obesity.     

False positive accumulation in 18F fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scan due to sarcoid reaction following induction chemotherapy for lung cancer

We present a case of lung cancer that showed false positive accumulation in an ¹⁸F fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scan following induction chemotherapy for suspected metastasis and progression of malignancy. A 66-year-old man was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma in the lung, classified as clinical stage IIIA (T2N2M0), and underwent induction chemotherapy. An FDG-PET scan prior to chemotherapy demonstrated accumulation only in the tumor, whereas following treatment it revealed a strong accumulation not only in the tumor, but also in the supraclavicular lymph nodes, which indicated lymph node metastasis. The patient underwent a biopsy of the right supraclavicular lymph node and mediastinoscopy, after which all dissected lymph nodes showed sarcoid reactions and no tumor cells were found pathologically. We concluded that when evaluating the effect of induction chemotherapy for malignancy, a sarcoid reaction might lead to the false positive accumulation of FDG.     

复发性脑膜瘤术前评估与术中处理

目的探讨脑膜瘤复发手术方法。方法1998年10月以来我院收治复发性脑膜瘤12例,对术前组织病理、CT、MRI及术中所见进行回顾性分析,总结。结果12例病人均行手术治疗,术后随访,无再次复发。结论手术是治疗复发性脑膜瘤的重要手段,完整切除肿瘤、术中化疗是减少复发的关键。     

超声引导金属弹簧圈定位乳腺肿块的临床应用

目的探讨乳腺肿块金属弹簧圈标记的临床应用价值。方法对13例触诊不清的乳腺良性肿块,41例新辅助化疗的乳腺癌,在超声引导下行术前边界定位及肿块标记。事先测量好肿块最大直径,选择相应长度的金属弹簧圈,通过18G穿刺针,用导丝准确将弹簧圈放入肿物最大切面两极。41例乳腺癌定位后继续化疗2~3个周期。结果13例触诊不清的乳腺良性肿块连同其内的弹簧圈被准确、完整切除。41例乳腺癌中,术后弹簧圈周边即肿物切缘病理未见残留癌细胞术前化疗期间,经超声观察,39例肿块缩小,其中9例术前超声显示肿物边界已显示不清,只显示金属弹簧圈,这其中3例术后肿物连续病理切片,证实未见癌细胞。结论超声引导下金属弹簧圈肿物边缘定位,对触诊不清的乳腺肿块边界定位是一种新方法。特别是对于术前化疗的乳腺癌患者,在肿块超声随访、化疗疗效评价以及指导术后病理取材部位等方面有更实用的临床意义。     

The Role and Limitations of 18-Fluoro-2-deoxy-<Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">d</Emphasis>-glucose Positron Emission Tomography (FDG-PET) Scan and Computerized Tomography (CT) in Restaging Patients with Hepatic Colorectal Metastases Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: Comparison with Operative and Pathological Findings

Background Recent data confirmed the importance of 18-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in the selection of patients with colorectal hepatic metastases for surgery. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy before hepatic resection in selected cases may improve outcome. The influence of chemotherapy on the sensitivity of FDG-PET and CT in detecting liver metastases is not known. Methods Patients were assigned to either neoadjuvant treatment or immediate hepatic resection according to resectability, risk of recurrence, extrahepatic disease, and patient preference. Two-thirds of them underwent FDG-PET/CT before chemotherapy; all underwent preoperative contrast-enhanced CT and FDG-PET/CT. Those without extensive extrahepatic disease underwent open exploration and resection of all the metastases according to original imaging findings. Operative and pathological findings were compared to imaging results. Results Twenty-seven patients (33 lesions) underwent immediate hepatic resection (group 1), and 48 patients (122 lesions) received preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy (group 2). Sensitivity of FDG-PET and CT in detecting colorectal (CR) metastases was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 (FDG-PET: 93.3 vs 49%, P < 0.0001; CT: 87.5 vs 65.3, P = 0.038). CT had a higher sensitivity than FDG-PET in detecting CR metastases following neoadjuvant therapy (65.3 vs 49%, P < 0.0001). Sensitivity of FDG-PET, but not of CT, was lower in group 2 patients whose chemotherapy included bevacizumab compared to patients who did not receive bevacizumab (39 vs 59%, P = 0.068). Conclusions FDG-PET/CT sensitivity is lowered by neoadjuvant chemotherapy. CT is more sensitive than FDG-PET in detecting CR metastases following neoadjuvant therapy. Surgical decision-making requires information from multiple imaging modalities and pretreatment findings. Baseline FDG-PET and CT before neoadjuvant therapy are mandatory. The abstract was presented before the 58th Cancer Symposium of the Society of Surgical Oncology, Atlanta, GA, USA, 2005, and before the 2005 Congress of the American Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association, Fort-Lauderdale, FL, USA.     

化疗药物性静脉炎及渗漏损伤的动物实验模型研究概况

化疗药物性静脉炎及渗漏损伤的动物实验模型是研究体内化疗药物性静脉炎及渗漏损伤的发病机制和评价各种治疗方法的重要条件。化疗药物性静脉炎及渗漏损伤的实验研究进展缓慢,其主要原因是缺乏理想的动物模型。依文献报道,化疗药物性静脉炎模型主要以大白兔耳缘静脉注射长春瑞滨等化疗药物为多见,化疗药物渗漏损伤模型主要以大鼠及大白兔背部皮下注射盐酸阿霉素等化疗药物为多见。文章就近年来常用的一些化疗药物性静脉炎及渗漏损伤的动物模型综述如下。     

Does gastric adenocarcinoma develop after the treatment of gastric lymphoma?

Two adult patients with the diagnosis of gastric lymphoma who developed adenocarcinoma of the stomach 8 years after the treatment are presented. Both patients were treated by subtotal gastrectomy followed by irradiation of 4,000–4,500 cGy to the epigastric region and six courses of chemotherapy (vincristine, cyclophosphamide, prednisolone). In our review of the literature, 16 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma following the treatment of gastric lymphoma were found and listed with details. The factors influencing the development of this secondary carcinoma, mainly those treatment related are discussed. The possible role of both radiotherapy and chemotherapy in shortening the latent period for the development of stump carcinoma is emphasized. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Ewing's sarcoma of bone: Oncologic and functional results

This paper describes 29 patients with Ewing's sarcoma of bone treated between 1975 and 1990 at the University of Nijmegen Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Osteomyelitis was the primary diagnosis in 24%. Treatment consisted of chemotherapy in combination with surgery and/or radiotherapy. Nine patients received radiotherapy only; five of them died of disease. Five patients underwent an intralesional excision; four of them died of disease. Twelve patients underwent a wide excision; there is no evidence of disease in any of them. Three patients underwent a radical disarticulation; all died of disease. The disease-free survival at 1.5 years was 66%. This figure at 5 years was 55%. After wide excision and reconstruction in tumors of expendable, femoral or radial bones good functional results were obtained in all cases. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.