骨细胞的功能：生物学研究和机理探讨

骨细胞（osteocyte）是在矿化骨基质内名副其实的骨的细胞（bonecell）。通过细胞突触，骨细胞彼此相连，很可能也与骨髓中某些细胞相接，从而形成三维细胞网络。从骨的超微结构看，骨细胞处于很理想的位置，可以担当骨生理的重要调节因子。然而，由于骨细胞处于矿化骨基质深层，对其功能了解甚少。但随着新技术方法的应用，就有可能对这种成骨细胞系中的终末分化细胞进行深入研究，人们也由此对骨细胞的兴趣大增。骨细胞被认为是骨的机械应力感受器，它有可能参与骨重建。骨细胞能分泌具有调节成骨细胞功能的硬骨素（sclerostin）。一种能降低肾脏磷回吸收的激素——调磷因子FGF23也主要源白骨细胞。随着我们对骨细胞了解的深入，清楚显示，骨细胞不仅能影响局部骨转换活性，而且对全身矿物质的体内平衡也有多种功能。因此，对骨细胞的研究，可以为代谢性骨病的治疗探索新的途径。     

髂深血管蒂髂骨-腹内斜肌同蒂双岛状瓣修复下颌复合组织缺损

目的评价以髂深血管为蒂的髂骨—腹内斜肌双岛状瓣（简称同蒂双岛状瓣）修复下颌复合组织缺损的临床应用价值。方法2005年1月至2006年10月,应用同蒂双岛状瓣修复10例下颌骨复合组织缺损（包括下颌骨体部、下颌角和下颌骨升支及其周围软组织,其中有7例还包含髁突的缺损）。结果10例同蒂双岛状瓣移植均获成功,仅1例出现局部轻度感染,换药后二期愈合。术后随访3～24个月,均无肿瘤复发,颌面外形两侧基本对称,咬合关系恢复正常,且供区未见明显的并发症。结论同蒂双岛状瓣具有切口隐蔽、单一,对供区功能影响小,软硬组织复合缺损同期修复效果好等特点,是半侧下颌骨复合周围软组织大型缺损功能重建的较好方案。     

头皮电烧伤骨外露带毛发皮瓣修复

目的：探讨头皮电烧伤骨外露用头皮扩张皮瓣移植修复的临床效果。方法：采用早期扩创,保留部分坏死骨质,用邻近头皮扩张使带毛发的头皮面积扩大后移植覆盖创面,电性失活骨质在血循环良好的皮瓣覆盖下,为周边及基底健康骨质生长起到支架作用,皮瓣扩张到一定面积后移植到裸露骨质上,使其得以修复。结果：在治疗的9例中,除1例皮瓣边缘在1．5cm×1．5cm坏死外,其余皮瓣全部成活,未发生感染坏死,创面均一次性封闭。结论：头皮电烧伤骨外露扩张后皮瓣带毛发修复,可缩短创面愈合时间,外形较好,易掌握,效果较为满意。     

小骨窗术和碎吸术治疗脑出血的临床应用研究

目的对比研究颅内血肿小骨窗清除术和颅内血肿(钻孔)碎吸清除术治疗脑出血的疗效。方法87例脑出血患者分为小骨窗组(行颅内血肿小骨窗清除术)、碎吸组(行颅内血肿碎吸清除术)和对照组(行内科保守治疗)。分别比较小骨窗组、碎吸组、保守组治疗前后的GCS评分及3组的GCS评分差。采用t检验、χ2检验和单因素方差分析比较。结果小骨窗组、碎吸组与保守组的GCS评分差比较均有差异(P<0.05);小骨窗组和碎吸组的GCS评分差比较也有差异(P<0.05)。结论小骨窗颅内血肿清除术、碎吸颅内血肿清除术、内科保守疗法在脑出血治疗中均能发挥一定的作用。小骨窗术和碎吸术在治疗中均能提高疗效、加快神经功能恢复,但小骨窗术较碎吸术能更好地发挥疗效、提高病人的生存质量。     

Bone Mineral Density Determinations by Dual-Energy x-ray Absorptiometry in the Management of Patients with Marfan Syndrome—Some Factors Which Affect the Measurement

Reduced bone mineral density (BMD) was sporadically reported in patients with Marfan syndrome. This may or may not place the Marfan patient at increased risk for bone fracture. In comparing the BMDs of our patients with those reported in the literature, it seemed that agreement between values, and hence the degree of osteoporosis or osteopenia reported, was dependent on the instrumentation used. The objective of this study was to statistically assess this impression. Bone mineral density measurements from our previously published study of 30 adults with Marfan syndrome performed on a Lunar DPXL machine were compared with studies published between 1993–2000 measured using either Lunar or Hologic bone densitometry instruments. The differences of our measurements compared with those made on other Lunar machines were not statistically significant, but did differ significantly with published results from Hologic machines (P < 0.001). Before progress can be made in the assessment of BMD and fracture risk in Marfan patients and in the evidence-based orthopedic management of these patients, standardization of instrumental bone density determinations will be required along with considerations of height, obesity, age, and sex.     

自制稀土永磁夹板对骨折愈合作用的观察

目的观察稀土永磁夹板对家兔骨折愈合质量及骨形态发生蛋白（BMP-2）、血管内皮细胞生长因子（VEGF）表达情况的影响,从分子生物学水平探讨磁场促进骨折愈合的作用机制。方法健康成年家兔50只,建立双前肢桡骨中段骨折模型。左侧用稀土永磁夹板固定,作为实验侧;右侧用内镶铅片小夹板固定,作为对照侧。分别于术后1、2、3、4、6周摄双前肢X线片后取材,进行HE及BMP-2、VEGF免疫组化染色并在光镜下观察。结果X线片图像定量分析结果比较,实验侧愈合明显快于对照侧。两侧差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。实验侧在1、2、3、4周VEGF的表达均比对照侧强,两侧差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。实验侧在2、3、4周BMP-2的表达均比对照侧强,两侧差异有显著性（P〈0.01）。结论静磁场在骨折愈合过程中可加强BMP-2、VEGF的表达。自制稀土永磁夹板对实验性骨折愈合有明显的促进作用。     

Segmental colonic transit studies: comparison of a radiological and a scintigraphic method

OBJECTIVE: Colonic transit studies are used to diagnose slow transit constipation (STC) and to evaluate segmental colonic transit before segmental or subtotal colectomy. The aim of the study was to compare a single X-ray radio-opaque marker method with a scintigraphic technique to assess total and segmental colonic transit in patients with STC. METHOD: Thirty-one female patients (median age 46 years) with severe constipation and a prolonged or borderline prolonged colonic transit time on radio-opaque marker study were included in the study. They were subsequently investigated with (111)Indium-DTPA colonic transit scintigraphy, with a median time between the investigations of 4(range 1-27) months. Normal values of healthy female controls were used for comparison. RESULTS: There was no difference between the two methods in terms of prolonged or normal total colonic transit time. Twenty-nine of 31 female patients had a prolonged transit time only in one or two segments on the marker study. On scintigraphy, the transit time was prolonged for patients in the left (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001), but not in the right colon. With respect to prolonged or normal segmental transit time, there was a significant difference between the two methods only in the descending colon (P = 0.02). However, the results varied considerably for individual patients. CONCLUSION: Segmental colonic delay was a common finding. The two methods gave similar results for groups of patients, except in the descending colon. The variation of the results for individuals suggests that a repeated transit test may improve the assessment of total and segmental transit.     

复合干细胞生物陶瓷在裸鼠异位成骨中的评价

目的 研究h-BMP-2基因转染骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)在复合煅烧骨、β-TCP或直接植入裸鼠股部后的成骨能力。方法 通过影像学、组织学和形态计量学等方法,观察未经诱导、OS液诱导和h-BMP-2基因转染BMSCs在复合煅烧骨,或多孔β-TCP后植入裸鼠皮下,或直接制成细胞悬液注入,在4、8、12周诱导成骨和材料降解情况。结果 在裸鼠皮下,单纯生物陶瓷不能诱导成骨,而复合了未诱导、OS液诱导和h-BMP-2基因转染BMSCs的生物陶瓷均能成骨,成骨量为h-BMP-2基因转染组>OS液诱导组>未经诱导组(P<0.05),B-TCP可随骨长入而降解;注入裸鼠肌肉的OS液诱导的和h-BMP-2转染的BMSCs均能诱导成骨,而未经诱导MSCs则不能成骨。结论 复合人BMP基因转染BMSCs的β-TCP是一种理想的骨修复材料。     

BMSCs胶原刮膜对松质骨缺损的修复

目的 研究成骨蛋白-2(hBMP-2)基因转染骨髓间充质千细胞(BMSCs)胶原刮膜对兔股骨髁松质骨缺损的修复能力。方法 应用影像学、组织学、形态计量学和生物力学等方法,观察未经诱导、OS液诱导和hBMP-2基因转染BMSCs胶原刮膜植入兔股骨髁部直径6 mm、深12 mm松质骨缺损后的修复情况。结果 未经处理的兔股骨髁缺损不能自行愈合;细胞刮膜植入对股骨髁松质骨缺损的修复能力,在8和12周时hBMP基因转染BMSCs组>OS液诱导BMSCs组>未诱导BMSCs组(P<0.05),12周时hBMP基因转染BMSCs组的骨缺损区生物力学强度接近正常松质骨。结论 hBMP基因转染BMSCs胶原刮膜是治疗大块松质骨缺损的理想修复材料。