高黏度骨水泥在骨质疏松性胸腰椎体压缩骨折患者PVP手术中的效果

目的探讨高黏度骨水泥在骨质疏松性胸腰椎体压缩骨折患者PVP手术中的效果。方法回顾性分析2011~2012年本院收治的367例骨质疏松性胸腰椎体压缩骨折患者的临床资料,依据治疗的方法分为高黏度骨水泥椎体成形系统治疗组179例和传统骨水泥椎体成形系统治疗组188例,对比观察两组患者手术前后视觉模拟疼痛评分(Visual Analogue scale,VAS)、压缩椎体前缘高度、Cobb角、骨水泥渗漏情况及术后并发症。结果术后随访1~6个月,两组患者术后VAS评分、压缩椎体前缘高度、cobb角与术前相比均有显著差异(P<0.05),2组患者术后VAS评分无显著差异(P>0.05),术后高黏度骨水泥组患者压缩椎体前缘高度、cobb角与传统骨水泥组患者相比有显著差异(P<0.05);高黏度骨水泥组患者术后并发症发病率与传统骨水泥治疗组比较差异有统计学意(P<0.05)。结论高黏度骨水泥及其椎体成形系统治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎体压缩骨折具有瞬间高黏度、骨水泥渗漏风险小、手术安全性高、操作简便、预后良好,值得在临床推广应用。     

血管内介入治疗椎动脉夹层动脉瘤的回顾性研究

目的：目前,椎动脉夹层动脉瘤的治疗手段仍有争议。本研究通过对椎动脉夹层动脉瘤患者的临床和影像学特点的分析,评估血管内治疗技术的安全性和有效性。方法：回顾性分析哈尔滨医科大学神经外科2007年1月～2014年7月行血管内介入治疗的椎动脉夹层动脉瘤患者的临床资料,对患者动脉瘤位置,临床表现,治疗方法及预后进行统计学分析,P＜0．05有意义。结果：将过去7年内,在本中心治疗的48例夹层动脉瘤纳入研究对象,其中17人有蛛网膜下腔出血表现。48例患者中12例采用血管孤立术,25例采用支架辅助弹簧圈技术,4例单纯采用支架技术,7例患者进行假腔栓塞。结果：夹层动脉瘤发生在右椎28例,左椎20例。串珠征是椎动脉夹层动脉瘤最常见的表现,见于23例患者。部分患者出现了围手术期并发症,其中3例患者栓塞后再次出血。未破裂动脉瘤患者的预后良好率（100％）好于破裂组（85．7％）。结论：血管内介入治疗技术应根据患者的临床表现、影像学特点、后循环情况以及术者的经验进行选择。各项技术目前仍存有不足之处,需要今后的技术发展及材料的升级来进一步改善。     

减重下力线矫正训练对脑瘫患儿骨盆前倾的影响

目的 观察减重下力线矫正训练（WBAT）对矫正脑瘫患儿骨盆前倾的疗效。 方法 选取站立位骨盆前倾的脑瘫患儿27例,按随机数字表法分为WBAT组、站立训练组和肌力训练组,每组患儿9例。3组均给予常规康复治疗,WBAT组在此基础上增加自行设计的WBAT训练,肌力训练组增加骨盆稳定及下肢抗重力肌群抗阻训练,站立训练组增加站立板辅助站立训练,以上3种治疗均每次20 min,每周5次,连续治疗4周。于治疗前和治疗后（治疗4周后）分别对3组患儿的骨盆倾斜角（ASIS-PSIS）、躯干倾斜角(A-P)及1 min步行距离进行评估。 结果 治疗后,WBAT组的ASIS-PSIS和A-P分别为（18.61±3.13）°和（23.31±3.81）°,站立组的A-P为（24.48±4.33）°,分别与组内治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;且WBAT组治疗后的ASIS-PSIS与肌力训练组和站立训练组治疗后比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后,WBAT训练组的1 min步行距离为（26.81±12.61）m,肌力训练组的1 min步行距离为（21.07±8.45）m,分别与组内治疗前比较,差异均有统计学差异（P<0.05）;且WBAT组治疗后的1 min步行距离与肌力训练组和站立训练组治疗后比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论 WBAT训练可显著改善骨盆前倾脑瘫患儿的ASIS-PSIS、A-P以及1 min步行距离,且其疗效优于传统的肌力训练和站立训练。     

倍他司汀联合氟桂利嗪治疗椎基底动脉供血不足的临床研究

目的：观察倍他司汀联合氟桂利嗪治疗椎基底动脉供血不足的疗效。方法：将所有病例随机分为氟桂利嗪组和联合治疗组。氟桂利嗪组给予氟桂利嗪胶囊治疗;联合治疗组在此基础上给予倍他司汀口服治疗。治疗后使用经颅多普勒血流诊断系统（TCD）检测血流情况,观察两组治疗效果。结果：联合治疗组的有效率高于氟桂利嗪组,P＜0.05。两组经过治疗,血流异常情况得到改善,联合治疗组血流异常情况的改善情况要优于氟桂利嗪组,P＜0.05。结论：倍他司汀联合氟桂利嗪治疗椎基底动脉供血不足安全有效。     

单因素配伍剂量对经方芍药甘草汤药效组分的影响

目的研究中药经方芍药甘草汤中炙甘草或醋白芍单因素配伍剂量变化对其药效组分的影响,为临床合理用药和建立中药药效组分质量评价标准提供科学依据。方法以单因素配伍剂量的醋白芍和炙甘草为载体,以经方芍药甘草汤作为对照,按照汤剂制备供试品溶液,采用HPLC-DAD法,三波长同时测定药效组分氧化芍药苷-芍药内酯苷-芍药苷-苯甲酰芍药苷-甘草酸(λ=230 nm)、甘草苷-甘草素(λ=276 nm)、异甘草苷-异甘草素(λ=360 nm)的含量。结果醋白芍剂量12 g不变时,其药效组分氧化芍药苷-芍药内酯苷-芍药苷-苯甲酰芍药苷的含量随炙甘草的剂量变化如下(mg/m L,n=3):炙甘草12 g,醋白芍组分含量为1.90-0.89-3.45-0.53;炙甘草为1、6、9、15、18 g时,醋白芍组分含量均降低。炙甘草剂量12 g不变时,其药效组分甘草酸-甘草苷-甘草素-异甘草苷-异甘草素的含量随醋白芍的剂量变化如下(mg/m L,n=3):醋白芍12 g,炙甘草的组分含量为9.06-3.19-0.76-0.77-0.15;醋白芍为1、6、9、15、18 g时,炙甘草组分含量均降低。结论 1炙甘草或醋白芍配伍剂量变化时,其药效组分的溶出率与经方比较有显著差异,表明改变中药的配伍剂量其功效会产生变化;2醋白芍-炙甘草剂量比越接近1∶1,其相应的药效组分溶出率越高;3醋白芍的4种药效组分总含量随炙甘草配伍剂量变化规律:炙甘草12 g>9 g>15 g>6 g>18 g>3 g>1 g,药效组分总量为6.77~4.15 mg/m L;4炙甘草的5种药效组分总含量随醋白芍配伍剂量变化规律:醋白芍12 g>9 g>15 g>6 g>18 g>3 g>1 g,药效组分总量为13.93~10.34 mg/m L;5炙甘草剂量对芍药甘草汤药效组分总量的影响大于醋白芍。     

Cusp Symmetry and Coronary Ostial Eccentricity and its Impact on Coronary Access Following TAVR

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess cusp symmetry and coronary ostial eccentricity and its impact on coronary access following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) using a patient-specific commissural alignment implantation technique.BackgroundTAVR implantation techniques to obtain neocommissural alignment have been introduced. The impact of cusp symmetry and coronary ostial eccentricity on coronary access after TAVR remains unknown.MethodsCardiac computed tomographic scans from 200 tricuspid aortic valves (TAVs) and 200 type 1 bicuspid aortic valves (BAVs) were studied. Cusp symmetry and coronary ostial eccentricity were assessed. In addition, the right coronary cusp/left coronary cusp and right coronary artery (RCA)/left coronary artery (LCA) ostia overlap views were calculated and compared.ResultsSevere cusp asymmetry (>135°) was more frequent in BAVs (52.5%) than in TAVs (2.5%) (P < 0.001), with the noncoronary cusp being the most common dominant cusp. The RCA ostium was found to be more often eccentric (>20°) than the LCA ostium (28% vs 6%, respectively; P < 0.001). Considering the right/left cusp overlap view, there was <20° deviation between the right coronary cusp–left coronary cusp centered line and the RCA-LCA centered line in 95% of all patients (TAV, 97%; BAV, 93%). The right/left cusp and coronary ostia overlap view differed by <10° and <20° fluoroscopic angulation in 75% and 98% of all cases, respectively.ConclusionsUsing the right/left cusp overlap view to obtain commissural alignment in TAVR is also an effective approach to implant one of the transcatheter heart valve commissures in the near center between both coronary ostia in most TAVs and type 1 BAVs. Preprocedural CT assessment remains crucial to assess cusp symmetry and coronary ostial eccentricity.     

Improvement in spine bone density and reduction in risk of vertebral fractures during treatment with antiresorptive drugs

PURPOSE: To estimate how much the improvement in bone mass accounts for the reduction in risk of vertebral fracture that has been observed in randomized trials of antiresorptive treatments for osteoporosis. METHODS: After a systematic search, we conducted a meta-analysis of 12 trials to describe the relation between improvement in spine bone mineral density and reduction in risk of vertebral fracture in postmenopausal women. We also used logistic models to estimate the proportion of the reduction in risk of vertebral fracture observed with alendronate in the Fracture Intervention Trial that was due to improvement in bone mineral density. RESULTS: Across the 12 trials, a 1% improvement in spine bone mineral density was associated with a 0.03 decrease (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02 to 0.05) in the relative risk (RR) of vertebral fracture. The reductions in risk were greater than predicted from improvement in bone mineral density; for example, the model estimated that treatments predicted to reduce fracture risk by 20% (RR = 0.80), based on improvement in bone mineral density, actually reduce the risk of fracture by about 45% (RR = 0.55). In the Fracture Intervention Trial, improvement in spine bone mineral density explained 16% (95% CI: 11% to 27%) of the reduction in the risk of vertebral fracture with alendronate. CONCLUSION: Improvement in spine bone mineral density during treatment with antiresorptive drugs accounts for a predictable but small part of the observed reduction in the risk of vertebral fracture.     

The value of bone scintigraphy in the follow-up of vertebral osteoporosis

Summary In an open study, we have assessed the bone/soft tissue uptake index in recent osteoporotic vertebral collapse using scintigraphy. The evolution of these cases was followed-up at 6 months in 22 patients treated with 100 IU of salmon calcitonin plus 500 mg of elemental calcium/10 days per month and in 18 patients treated with 500 mg of elemental calcium only on a daily basis. There were no index differences between groups prior to treatment. At six months, the group treated with calcitonin plus calcium showed a significant decrease from 10.2±6.4 to 3.2±1.1 (p<0.001), while the calcium only group did not show any significant changes (12.1±6.6 vs 9.2±4.6), considering that there were significant differences between groups (p<0.001). On a mid-term basis, these results have shown the values of the bone soft tissue index in the follow-up of osteoporotic vertebral collapse.     

Radiographic damage associated with low bone mineral density and vertebral deformities in rheumatoid arthritis: The Oslo‐Truro‐Amsterdam (OSTRA) collaborative study

Objective

To examine variables associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and vertebral deformities in women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from 3 northwest European countries.

Methods

Female patients were recruited from rheumatology clinics in Oslo, Norway; Truro, UK; and Amsterdam, The Netherlands (150 total, 50 per center, age 50–70 years, disease duration ≥5 years). Demographic and clinical data were collected and BMD was measured by means of dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry. Associations between demographic and clinical measures on the one hand and BMD and vertebral deformities on the other were investigated by single and multiple regression analyses.

Results

Body mass index (BMI), medication use, RA damage measures, and BMD differed significantly between the 3 centers. Overall, Norwegian patients had the lowest BMI, used more corticosteroids and antiosteoporotic drugs, had lower joint damage measured by Larsen score, and lower BMD at both spine and hip. High age, low BMI, and high cumulative dose of corticosteroids (last 2 years) are related to low BMD. A high Larsen score was associated with low BMD at the hip. Larsen score was the independent determinant of vertebral deformities after correction for center, age, BMI, and BMD.

Conclusion

Data from 3 countries on BMD and vertebral deformities in female patients aged 50–70 years with longstanding RA are presented, demonstrating an association between radiographic RA damage and low BMD and between radiographic RA damage and vertebral deformities.