当归微粉的特征及对阿魏酸溶出的影响

目的:比较当归普通粉和微粉的粉体学特征、水溶性及醇溶性浸出物含量、指标成分阿魏酸溶出量,探索微粉化技术在当归中的应用价值.方法:通过激光粒度分析仪对普通粉和微粉进行表征,扫描电镜(SEM)观察普通粉和细粉的表面形态,测定粉体学参数休止角和堆密度,冷浸法测定水溶性及热浸法测定醇溶性溶出物的含量,利用超声提取进行水溶性指标成分阿魏酸的溶出实验,采用HPLC测定阿魏酸的含量.结果:当归普通粉和微粉的粉体学特征及表面形态差异显著,但水溶性及醇溶性浸出物量、水溶性指标成分阿魏酸的溶出差别不大.结论:微粉化应用于当归,通过对粉体学特征的影响而影响其制剂学性质,但不能显著提高其醇溶性及水溶性浸出物和指标成分阿魏酸的溶出量,生产中不宜对当归进行微粉化.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定益康唑癣粉中硝酸益康唑的含量

目的:建立益康唑癣粉中硝酸益康唑的含量测定方法.方法:采用C18色谱柱,甲醇-水-三乙胺(85 ∶ 15 ∶ 0.1)(冰醋酸调节pH为6.0)为流动相,检测波长为230nm.结果:浓度在0.4147～4.147μg范围内,硝酸益康唑的线性关系良好(r=0.9996),平均回收率为100.2%,RSD为0.53%(n=9).结论:所建含量测定方法可行,操作简便,结果准确,专属性好,可用于控制益康唑癣粉的质量.     

耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌对万古霉素敏感性的监测

目的为了引起广大医务人员高度重视耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)对万古霉素敏感性的监测,掌握其耐药特性,依据药敏结果合理使用抗菌药物,延缓其耐药性的产生. 方法采用美国Microscan微生物鉴定仪、革兰阳性菌鉴定药敏复合板(PC11),对1998～2000年分离的MRSA对万古霉素敏感性的监测. 结果 1998～2000年分离的MRSA菌株中,有4株对万古霉素敏感性降低,其中1株对万古霉素的MIC=8μg/ml;3株对万古霉素的MIC>16μg/ml. 结论在我院监测中出现1株万古霉素中介敏感金黄色葡萄球菌(VISA);3株万古霉素耐药金黄色葡萄球菌(VRSA),药敏结果显示多重耐药.     

幼泻停敷脐散对IBS-D模型大鼠血清中TNF-α和IL-10含量的影响

目的:探讨幼泻停敷脐散对IBS-D模型大鼠血清中TNF-α和IL-10含量的影响及作用机制。方法:将Wistar大鼠随机分成正常对照组、模型对照组、得舒特组、幼泻停敷脐散高剂量组、幼泻停敷脐散中剂量组、幼泻停敷脐散低剂量组。观察大鼠的活动状况;测定大鼠的小肠运动、血浆中TNF-α和IL-10含量的变化。结果:正常对照组行动活跃、精神良好、皮毛润泽、饮食不减、实验后体重高于实验前,模型各组均出现不同程度的精神萎靡、活动明显减少,大便松散、稀便;幼泻停敷脐散高剂量、中剂量组及得舒特组的小肠运动减慢,与模型组比较有显著性差异,P0.01;幼泻停敷脐散高、中剂量组及得舒特组的TNF-α和IL-10含量降低,与正常组比较,无显著性差异,P0.05,与模型组比较有极显著性差异,P0.01。结论:幼泻停敷脐散能抑制IBS-D模型大鼠的小肠运动和血浆中TNF-α和IL-10含量异常升高,对IBS-D模型大鼠有很好的治疗作用。     

Assessing compressibility and compactibility of powder formulations with Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Context: The compressibility and compatibility of a powder formulation is usually determined by compaction and following destructive tensile strength and relative density measurement of the final compact.

Objective: In this study, a non-destructive method with Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) was designed and evaluated for the measurement of powder compressibility and compactibility.

Materials and Methods: 12 different formulations with a wide range of difference in properties were investigated by compaction and analysis of the resulting tablets. Two similar tablet batches were produced with every formulation. Relative density and tensile strength were measured with the traditional, destructive method on one tablet batch while a newly developed non-destructive chemometric NIRS method was applied for the second batch. The outcomes of the two approaches were compared to validate the developed method. All data sets were applied to three established mathematical equations to calculate equation factors, which are claimed to represent the formulation compressibility and compactibility. The study focus was set on the equation factor value comparison between the traditional and the newly designed method.

Results & Discussion: The results showed a high similarity between the outcomes of the two methods. An essential difference was noticed for the outcomes of the equation factors after application to the Leuenberger equation.

Conclusion: The approach with the NIRS is suggested as a promising tool for a reliable inline quality monitoring in the tablet manufacturing process.     

Optimization of the High-Shear Wet Granulation Wetting Process Using Fuzzy Logic Modeling

A fuzzy model has been developed for the optimization of high-shear wet granulation wetting on a plant scale depending on the characteristics of pharmaceutical active substance particles. The model optimized on the basis of experimental data involves a set of rules obtained from expert knowledge and full-scale process data. The skewness coefficient of particle size distribution and the tapped density of the granulated mixture were chosen as the model input variables. The output of the fuzzy ruled system is the optimal quantity of wetting liquid. In comparison to manufacturing practice, a very strong sensitivity of the optimal quantity of the added wetting liquid to the size and shape of the active substance particles has been identified by fuzzy modeling.     

傅青主保产无忧散的临床应用进展

为了解傅青主保产无忧散的临床应用情况，本文从傅青主保产无忧散的起源、药理作用、临床研究等方面对保产无忧散进行梳理分析，发现保产无忧散有养血、益气、理气的作用。临床上具有防治难产，治疗多种原因导致的先兆流产、早产，可将晚期妊娠臀位、横位转为头位以利于阴道分娩，对过期妊娠有一定的催引产效果，对于妊娠期特发性黄疸、肝功能异常等妊娠期并发症有防治作用，还可用于治疗胃脘痛，配合针刺促卵泡发育治疗女性不孕症，值得进一步研究。     

Qianzheng powder for the treatment of primary Hemifacial spasm: A protocol for systematic reviews and meta-analysis

Background:Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a clinical common neurological disease, its main performance for 1 side or 2 sides muscles (the orbicularis oculi muscle, expression, orbicularisoris muscles) recurrent paroxysmal, involuntary twitching, aggravating when excited or nervous, more severe cases of the disease may include difficulty in opening the eyes, crooked corners of the mouth, and twitching noises in the ears, etc.^[1] Early manifestations of the disease are intermittent mild convulsions of the orbicularis oculi muscle, and then gradually spread to 1 side of the facial muscles, such as frowning muscles, nasal muscles, buccinalis muscles, etc, especially the most obvious spasms of the oral muscles, which can involve the ipsilateral platysma muscle in severe cases, with each twitch for a few seconds to a few minutes. The disease will affect the quality of life such as speaking, eating, seeing and so on, and even cause psychological effects such as inferiority, anxiety and depression. At present, the incidence of the disease in China is 11 per 1.1 million, females are more common than males. There are many ways to treat HFS, but the Qianzheng powder has a unique advantage in treating this disease. Therefore, our systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Qianzheng powder in the treatment of Primary Hemifacial spasm, and to provide a reliable basis for clinical decision makers.Methods:From its inception until April 2021, we will search electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China Biomedical Literature Database, China Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, and China Scientific Journals Database. The authors will independently sift through studies, extract data information, and assess methodological quality using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. The RevManV. 5.3 software will be used for statistical analysis.Results:The results of this study, which will be published in a peerreviewed journal, will evaluate the efficacy and safety of Qianzheng powder in the treatment of primary Hemifacial spasm.Conclusion:This systematic review will provide reliable evidence-based basis for treating primary Hemifacial spasm with Qianzheng powder.INPLASY Registration number:INPLASY202130037.     

Hardening of Additive Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel by Using Bimodal Powder Containing Nanoscale Fraction

The particle size distribution significantly affects the material properties of the additively manufactured parts. In this work, the influence of bimodal powder containing nano- and micro-scale particles on microstructure and materials properties is studied. Moreover, to study the effect of the protective atmosphere, the test samples were additively manufactured from 316L stainless steel powder in argon and nitrogen. The samples fabricated from the bimodal powder demonstrate a finer subgrain structure, regardless of protective atmospheres and an increase in the Vickers microhardness, which is in accordance with the Hall-Petch relation. The porosity analysis revealed the deterioration in the quality of as-built parts due to the poor powder flowability. The surface roughness of fabricated samples was the same regardless of the powder feedstock materials used and protective atmospheres. The results suggest that the improvement of mechanical properties is achieved by adding a nano-dispersed fraction, which dramatically increases the total surface area, thereby contributing to the nitrogen absorption by the material.