封闭负压固定技术在特殊部位植皮中的应用

目的:在难以加压固定的特殊部位应用封闭负压技术进行植皮区固定,并观察术后效果,为提高特殊部位植皮成活率提供更好的选择。方法:2012年1月～2013年1月,选取105例颜面部、颈部、腋窝、下腹部,会阴等处瘢痕切除松解后需行植皮术的患者,随机分为两组,分别采用封闭负压固定法或传统加压包扎固定法,观察并比较两组间植皮成活率、术后平均换药次数、二次手术率、术后平均住院时间等。结果:术后封闭负压固定组植皮成活率高于加压固定组(98%vs.92%,P<0.05),术后平均换药次数减少(2.5±0.8 vs.4.3±0.7,P<0.01),二次手术率降低(1.8%vs.6.2%,P<0.01),平均住院时间明显缩短(4.5±1.3 vs.6.7±1.1,P<0.05)。经3个月以上随访,封闭负压固定组皮片外观及功能均达到了较满意的效果。结论:对难以均匀加压及固定的特殊植皮区域,选择封闭负压技术,方法简便易行,能起到良好的加压、固定和引流作用,有效的提高了植皮的成活率。     

两种胸腰椎压缩骨折复位手术的比较

[摘要]目的探讨伤椎植钉曲度矫正在胸腰椎压缩骨折复位术的效果。方法胸腰椎压缩骨折患者52例,随机分为两组,常规组26例单纯行后路钉棒复位内固定,实验组26例行后路钉棒复位内固定、伤椎植入椎弓根螺钉C臂X线机下进行曲度矫正。比较两组腰背痛VAS评分和ODI评分,测量和计算脊柱曲度Cobb角、伤椎椎体高度百分比及椎间隙高度;比较内固定系统松动及断裂情况,对脊髓损伤分级进行评估。结果两组比较,实验组术后末次随访时VAS和ODI评分均优于常规组（P〈0．叭或P〈0．05）;术后即刻两组Cobb角、伤椎椎体高度百分比及椎间隙高度比较无统计学差异（P〉0．05）,但术后末次随访时实验组较常规组显著改善（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）;实验组术后脊髓功能Frankel分级明显优于常规组（JP〈O．05）,且术后背痛、椎间盘退变加速、钉道松动、钉棒系统断裂及曲度不良等并发症较常规组显著减少（P〈0．叭或P〈0．05）。结论胸腰椎压缩骨折钉棒复位内固定术中行伤椎植钉曲度矫正后手术疗效较好,术后并发症明显减少,患者脊髓损伤得到显著改善。     

单纯内固定与有限内固定结合外固定在治疗高能量闭合性pilon骨折中的比较

【摘要】 目的 比较单纯内固定与有限内固定结合外固定在治疗高能量闭合性pilon骨折中的临床效果,评估两种术式在治疗高能量闭合性Pilon骨折中的优劣。 方法 回顾性分析2001年12月至2010年12月收治的42例高能量闭合性Pilon骨折的临床资料。按手术方式不同分为两组:A组26例,行切开复位单纯内固定手术(ORIF);B组16例,行切开复位有限内固定结合外固定手术(LORIF+ EX)。分析术后两组患者感染、骨延迟愈合或不愈合、创伤性关节炎、关节僵硬等并发症的发生率,测量术后8个月患者关节活动度并根据AOFAS评分标准评价其踝足功能。 结果 术前两组患者在性别、年龄、骨折分型、受伤至手术时间等方面无明显差异(P>0.05),术后随访8~109月个月,平均 37.6个月,两种治疗方法在术后并发症发生率、关节活动度及AOFAS评分并无明显差别(P>0.05)。结论 对于高能量闭合性pilon骨折的治疗,切开复位内固定和切开复位有限内固定结合外固定临床疗效相当,并发症的发生率无明显差别,均可作为其治疗手段。     

微创多枚空心加压螺钉固定治疗股骨颈骨折的疗效分析

【摘要】 目的 探讨微创多枚螺钉固定治疗股骨颈骨折的临床疗效。方法 对2008年8月~2010年8月于广州市第一人民医院创伤骨科及粤北人民医院关节外科采用闭合复位微创空心加压螺钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折71例,对其随诊资料作回顾性的分析。患者包括男30例,女41例,年龄16~80岁,平均年龄62.4岁,全部为新鲜闭合性骨折。按股骨颈骨折Garden分型:Ⅰ型8例,Ⅱ型21例,Ⅲ型32例,Ⅳ型10例。随访时间14~60个月,平均31.5个月。结果 截至2012年8月,59例患者获骨性愈合,骨折平均愈合时间为5.1个月(3.6~11.3月),愈合率为83%;术后发生骨折不愈合,最终出现股骨头缺血性坏死12例(17%);髋关节功能按Harris评分:优良率84.7%;Garden Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ型的骨愈合率分别为100%、95.2%、78.1%、60%;Graden复位指数A、B、C组的愈合率分别为92.9%、77.3%、42.9%。结论 应用良好的牵引闭合复位和微创多枚空心加压螺钉内固定在治疗garden Ⅲ型以内的股骨颈骨折是一种疗效理想,操作简单、固定牢靠、创伤小的优良治疗方法。     

Trabecular metal fixation: A new chemical concoction

Secure fixation of metal prosthesis to bone has always been a challenge. Bone cement has been a great help in achieving this goal, but there can be complications, such as cement loosening and breakage. Therefore, it is reasonable to consider types of coating on a metal surface that will allow bone ongrowth or a type of metal (tantalum) that will allow bone ingrowth as it is a porous scaffold. Furthermore the stiffness of tantalum is between subchondral bone and cortical bone, which also promotes ingrowth. This metal can be overlayed on other metal or used by itself as an implant. In primary osteoarthritis of the glenohumeral joint, it can be used for both the humeral and glenoid components allowing for a cementless prosthesis. Thus the complications from the use of bone cement can be avoided. Tantalum can also be used with a reverse prosthesis. It is especially important for the glenoid baseplate component as it will take away stress from the screws that are used for early fixation. Tantalum is also useful in the revision setting where there is bone loss and secure fixation is needed to the remaining bone. Tantalum has been used in the shoulder for more than 5 years successfully and longer in the hip and knee.     

In vivo implant fixation of carbon fiber‐reinforced PEEK hip prostheses in an ovine model

Carbon fiber‐reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFR/PEEK) is theoretically suitable as a material for use in hip prostheses, offering excellent biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and the absence of metal ions. To evaluate in vivo fixation methods of CFR/PEEK hip prostheses in bone, we examined radiographic and histological results for cementless or cemented CFR/PEEK hip prostheses in an ovine model with implantation up to 52 weeks. CFR/PEEK cups and stems with rough‐textured surfaces plus hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings for cementless fixation and CFR/PEEK cups and stems without HA coating for cement fixation were manufactured based on ovine computed tomography (CT) data. Unilateral total hip arthroplasty was performed using cementless or cemented CFR/PEEK hip prostheses. Five cementless cups and stems and six cemented cups and stems were evaluated. On the femoral side, all cementless stems demonstrated bony ongrowth fixation and all cemented stems demonstrated stable fixation without any gaps at both the bone‐cement and cement‐stem interfaces. All cementless cases and four of the six cemented cases showed minimal stress shielding. On the acetabular side, two of the five cementless cups demonstrated bony ongrowth fixation. Our results suggest that both cementless and cemented CFR/PEEK stems work well for fixation. Cup fixation may be difficult for both cementless and cemented types in this ovine model, but bone ongrowth fixation on the cup was first seen in two cementless cases. Cementless fixation can be achieved using HA‐coated CFR/PEEK implants, even under load‐bearing conditions. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 485–492, 2013     

Surgical Treatment of Trochanteric and Cervical Hip Fractures in the United States: 2000–2009

The objective of this study was to evaluate the most common treatments performed for hip fractures over the last decade in the United States. The leading treatment for trochanteric fractures was internal fixation, accounting for 96%–98% of surgical treatments each year. For cervical fractures, hemiarthroplasty (HA), total hip arthroplasty (THA), and internal fixation were performed nearly 61%, 5%, and 33% of the time, respectively, each year without any sign of change during the period assessed. The surgical choice for cervical fractures varied greatly by patient age. In 2009, two-thirds of patients younger than 60 years underwent internal fixation while two-thirds of patients 60 years or older underwent HA. Regardless of patient age, HA was performed more often than THA for cervical hip fractures.     

Safety and Efficacy of Non-Cemented Femoral Fixation in Patients 75 Years of Age and Older

The aim of this study was to assess peri-operative complications, safety and efficacy of non-cemented femoral fixation in total hip arthroplasty (THA) as compared to cemented femoral fixation in the elderly population. Fifty-two matched pair analysis of patients with 75 years of age and older (104 patients), who underwent primary THA from June 1997 to December 2004, was performed based on age, sex, BMI, and Charnley classification. Mean age was 81 years (75–101) and the average follow up was 3.1 ± 2.9 years (1.2–6.4). There was no difference in peri-operative cardiopulmonary complications, pulmonary failures, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolus, length of stay, or discharge deposition between the two groups. Non-cemented fixation is safe and effective in patients older than 75 years of age.