异体脱脂骨板加自体腓骨移植治疗前臂节段性骨缺损

目的 探讨尺骨或桡骨单根节段性骨缺损的治疗方法。方法 自1997年1月至2003年1月共收治尺骨节段性骨缺损10例，桡骨节段性骨缺损2例。采用自体游离腓骨桥接骨缺损、钢板加对侧骨板双固定治疗。结果 10例切口Ⅰ期愈合，2例Ⅱ期愈合。随访时间12～36个月，平均25个月；骨缺损愈合时间4～8个月，平均6个月20d，无骨不连患者。前臂旋转功能参照Grace评定标准，优3例，良5例，一般2例，差2例。结论 采用自体腓骨桥接尺或桡骨骨缺损，钢板、骨板双固定是一种治疗尺或桡骨节段性骨缺损较理想的方法。     

加压螺纹钉联合张力带钢丝治疗尺骨鹰嘴骨折

目的:探讨加压螺纹钉联合张力带钢丝治疗尺骨鹰嘴骨折的临床疗效。方法:采用后正中切口入路,自鹰嘴顶点,向尺骨髓腔钻入一导向针,旋入一枚6.5 mm空心加压螺钉。用一根18号钢丝穿过迟骨近端,在鹰嘴背面交叉,绕螺针尾端固定。结果:术后随访3～31个月,按Broberg-Morrey评分标准进行评定,优13例,良4例,可1例,优良率94.4%。结论:加压螺纹钉联合张力带钢丝是治疗尺骨鹰嘴骨折的一种较好的方法。其操作简单、固定可靠、疗效满意、并发症少。     

Rates of neurovascular injury,compartment syndrome,and early infection in operatively treated civilian ballistic forearm fractures

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence of neurovascular injuries, compartment syndrome, early postoperative infection as well as the injury factors predictive of neurovascular injury following ballistic fractures of the radius and ulna.MethodsA retrospective review was performed to identify all ballistic fractures of the radius and ulna in skeletally mature patients over a 5-year period at a single level-1 trauma center. Chart and radiographic review was performed to identify patient and injury demographics, associated neurologic or vascular injuries, and fracture characteristics. Fracture location was measured on computerized imaging software and fractures were grouped into bone(s) segments involved. Proximal, mid-diaphyseal, and distal locations were used for statistical analysis.ResultsFifty-six extremities in fifty-five patients were identified (mean age 32 years; male to female ratio 9:1). Overall incidence of neurologic injury was 50%, arterial injury 32%, and compartment syndrome 7.1%. Presence of a proximal third forearm fracture was associated with an increased risk for neurologic injury (p < 0.01), with an odds ratio of 5.7 (95% confidence interval, 1.7–18.4). Furthermore, all high velocity/energy ballistic injuries had associated neurologic injuries (p = 0.02).ConclusionBallistic forearm fractures result in high rates of neurovascular injury. Fractures caused by high velocity/energy firearms have extremely high rates of neurologic injury when compared with low velocity ballistic injuries. Ballistic fractures involving the proximal third of the radius or ulna are five times more likely to be associated with neurologic injury after a ballistic injury and should be assessed carefully on initial evaluation.     

不同方式固定尺骨鹰嘴骨折的病例对照研究

目的 ：比较采用克氏针加张力带钢丝、空心拉力螺钉及解剖型钢板3种不同内固定方式治疗尺骨鹰嘴骨折的疗效差异。方法：回顾自2010年1月至2012年1月共82例采用不同内固定方式治疗的尺骨鹰嘴骨折患者。采用张力带固定组35例（A组）,男19例,女16例;年龄32~49岁,平均（43.6±8.7）岁;骨折按Colton分型,Ⅰ型5例,ⅡA型3例,ⅡB型19例,ⅡC型8例,ⅡD型0例。空心拉力螺钉固定组20例（B组）,男13例,女7例;年龄27~50岁,平均（41.5±9.3）岁;骨折按Colton分型,Ⅰ型4例,ⅡA型4例,ⅡB型12例,ⅡC型0例,ⅡD型0例。解剖型钢板固定组27例（C组）,男15例,女12例;年龄30~55岁,平均（38.2±6.2）岁;骨折按Colton分型,Ⅰ型0例,ⅡA型0例,ⅡB型4例,ⅡC型13例,ⅡD型10例。比较各组骨折愈合时间、肘关节功能恢复情况及并发症。采用Broberg-Morrey评分系统评价3组肘关节功能。结果：患者术后均获随访,时间8~24个月,平均15个月,C组较A、B组骨折愈合时间长。术后肘关节屈伸、旋转活动度A、B组优于C组;根据Broberg-Morrey评分系统进行疗效评价,A、B组疗效优于C组。解剖型钢板固定组2例发生创口感染,6例有明显的局部异物感,1例骨折延迟愈合,1例异位骨化。张力带固定组和空心拉力螺钉固定组无创口感染,发生内固定松动失效分别为3例和2例,出现骨折延迟愈合分别为2例,皮肤滑囊形成及针尾外露破溃分别为6例和1例。结论：3种不同内固定方式对尺骨鹰嘴骨折的固定各有优缺点,应根据具体骨折类型选用合适的内固定方式。     

Functional outcome following intramedullary nailing or plate and screw fixation of paediatric diaphyseal forearm fractures: a systematic review

Purpose  

Unstable paediatric diaphyseal both-bone forearm fractures requiring fixation have traditionally been treated with rigid internal fixation with plate and screws. Intramedullary stabilisation has grown in popularity over the last 25 years but may be associated with rotational deformity and subsequent loss of pronosupination. This systematic review aims to establish which treatment method provides better functional outcome.     

儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折的手术治疗 创伤骨科

  目的 探讨尺骨截骨后成角延长钢板内固定或单臂外固定两种方法治疗儿童陈旧性孟 氏骨折的疗效及相关影响因素。 方法回顾性分析2005 年7 月至2011 年6 月收治的儿童陈旧性孟氏 骨折患儿19 例, 男11例, 女8例。Bado 玉型13 例, III型6 例。按照尺骨截骨后固定方法分为钢板内固 定组(12 例, 治疗时平均年龄为5.3 岁, 受伤时间平均为6.8 个月;Bado 玉型9 例, III型3 例)和单臂外 固定组(7 例, 治疗时平均年龄为11.8 岁, 受伤时间平均为16.6 个月;Bado 玉型4 例, III型3 例)。对两 组患儿的年龄、受伤时间、术后并发症、肘关节与前臂旋转功能、骨折愈合时间等指标进行比较。 结果 19例患儿均获随访, 平均10 个月(6~36 个月)。术后钢板内固定组1 例发生桡骨头再脱位, 单臂外固定 组1 例发生筋膜室综合征。钢板内固定组、单臂外固定组两组患儿除1 例外, 术后屈肘功能平均120° (110°~130°), 前臂旋前功能均有15°(10°~20°)的受限。尺骨截骨成角延长后的愈合时间:钢板内固定组 平均8 周(6~15 周), 单臂外固定组平均22 周(10~44 周)。按Nakamura 等影像学评估标准:钢板内固定 组优11 例(图1), 差1 例;单臂外固定组7 例均为优。 结论 尺骨截骨成角延长是治疗儿童陈旧性孟氏 骨折矫正尺骨骨折后畸形的关键, 截骨后的两种固定方法不同、 目的 相同。术前评估最重要:年龄小、受 伤时间短患儿选择钢板内固定, 而对年龄大、受伤时间长者选择单臂外固定。     

应用Cable-Pin内固定系统治疗尺骨鹰嘴骨折的病例对照研究

目的:通过与克氏针张力带(tension band wiring,TBW)比较明确应用CablePin系统治疗尺骨鹰嘴骨折的临床效果。方法:自2008年3月至2010年6月,65例尺骨鹰嘴骨折患者分为2组:CablePin组32例,男18例,女14例,年龄21～69岁,平均(53.69±13.42)岁,采用Cable-Pin系统内固定治疗;TBW组33例,男20例,女13例,年龄20～70岁,平均(53.18±13.36)岁,采用克氏针张力带治疗。记录2组手术时间、切口长度、术后血红蛋白含量、骨折愈合时间、手术并发症及肘关节功能HSS评分等,并进行统计学分析。结果:术后随访12～24个月,平均18.4个月。2组在骨折愈合时间(t=2.588,P=0.012),术后肘关节功能评分(Z=-2.039,P=0.041)和术后并发症发生方面差异有统计学意义,CablePin组优于TBW组。2组在手术切口长度、手术时间和术后血红蛋白含量方面差异无统计学意义。结论:CablePin系统内固定治疗尺骨鹰嘴骨折简便易行、疗效可靠、并发症少,优于克氏针张力带钢丝。     

Olecranon anatomy: Use of a novel proximal interlocking screw for intramedullary nailing,a cadaver study

AIM: To define the optimum safe angle of use for an eccentrically aligned proximal interlocking screw (PIS) for intramedullary nailing (IMN).METHODS: Thirty-six dry cadaver ulnas were split into two equal pieces sagitally. The following points were identified for each ulna: the deepest point of the incisura olecrani (A), the point where perpendicular lines from A and the ideal IMN entry point (D) are intersected (C) and a point at 3.5 mm (2 mm safety distance from articular surface + 1.5 mm radius of PIS) posterior from point A (B). We calculated the angle of screws inserted from point D through to point B in relation to D-C and B-C. In addition, an eccentrically aligned screw was inserted at a standard 20° through the anterior cortex of the ulna in each bone and the articular surface was observed macroscopically for any damage.RESULTS: The mean A-C distance was 9.6 mm (mean ± SD, 9.600 ± 0.763 mm), A-B distance was 3.5 mm, C-D distance was 12.500 mm (12.500 ± 1.371 mm) and the mean angle was 25.9° (25.9° ± 2.0°). Lack of articular damage was confirmed macroscopically in all bones after the 20.0° eccentrically aligned screws were inserted. Intramedullary nail fixation systems have well known biological and biomechanical advantages for osteosynthesis. However, as well as these well-known advantages, IMN fixation of the ulna has some limitations. Some important limitations are related to the proximal interlocking of the ulna nail. The location of the PIS itself limits the indications for which intramedullary systems can be selected as an implant for the ulna. The new PIS design, where the PIS is aligned 20°eccentrically to the nail body, allows fixing of fractures even at the level of the olecranon without disturbing the joint. It also allows the eccentrically aligned screw to be inserted in any direction except through the proximal radio-ulnar joint. Taking into consideration our results, we now use a 20° eccentrically aligned PIS for all ulnas. In our results, the angle required to insert the PIS was less than 20° for only one bone. However, 0.7° difference corresponds to placement of the screw only 0.2 mm closer to the articular surface. As we assume 2.0 mm to be a safe distance, a placement of the screw 0.2 mm closer to the articular surface may not produce any clinical symptoms.CONCLUSION: The new PIS may give us the opportunity to interlock IMN without articular damage and confirmation by fluoroscopy if the nail is manufactured with a PIS aligned at a 20.0° fixed angle in relation to the IMN.     

尺骨短缩截骨治疗特发性尺骨撞击综合征的疗效分析

目的 探讨尺骨短缩截骨术治疗特发性尺骨撞击综合征的临床疗效.方法 对2006年8月至2010年6月间收治的11例尺骨撞击综合征患者(均为单侧病变),采用尺骨横形短缩截骨术治疗.术后随访时间平均为32个月,通过比较其术前术后的尺骨变异值、活动度、握力、视觉模拟评分法(visual analog scale,VAS)以及改良的Mayo腕关节评分和DASH评分六项指标,对该术式临床效果进行评价.结果 11例截骨部位均获得骨性愈合.尺骨变异值由术前(2.9±1.3) mm改变为术后(-0.2±0.9) mm.术后腕关节活动度有一定改善,与健侧比较,屈伸活动范围术前(84.9±23.2)％,术后(90.3±13.3)％;旋转活动范围术前(92.2±11.1)％,术后(94.2±9.9)％;尺桡偏范围术前(71.9±11.8)％,术后(81.8±22.7)％.患手占健侧的握力术前(79.7±20.0)％,术后(93.6±8.6)％.VAS疼痛分值术前(7.3±0.7),术后(2.9±1.4).改良的Mayo腕关节评分术前(59.0±19.0),术后(84.0±21.0),其中优5例,良4例,可2例.DASH得分术前(55.0±20.0),术后(25.0±19.0),其中以反映力量型功能和生活信心的项目改进尤为显著.结论 尺骨横形短缩截骨术能够有效改善特发性尺骨撞击综合征患者的腕关节功能,明显减轻疼痛,提高握力,改善生活质量,对腕关节活动范围改善程度有限.     

尺骨茎突骨折分型与内固定对桡骨远端骨折术后腕关节功能及预后的影响

目的探讨尺骨茎突骨折分型与内固定对桡骨远端骨折术后的腕关节功能及预后的影响。方法选择2012年5月~2016年5月期间收治的120例合并尺骨茎突骨折的桡骨远端骨折患者为研究对象,随机分为A组和B组,各60例。A组对桡骨远端骨折行切开复位内固定后,对尺骨茎突骨折行内固定处理,而B组对尺骨茎突骨折无内固定操作。分析尺骨茎突骨折分型对腕关节功能及预后的影响。结果两组所有患者治疗后掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨长度均较治疗前明显改善(P0.05),A组Ⅱ型与B组Ⅱ型相比,各指标恢复效果更佳(P0.05),而两组中Ⅰ型患者各指标相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗1年后,B组Ⅰ型与Ⅱ型之间、A组Ⅱ型与B组Ⅱ型之间,Gartland-Werley评分优良率对比,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。B组Ⅱ型腕关节主动活动度各指标及握力水平均显著低于B组Ⅰ型及A组Ⅱ型(P0.05)。结论桡骨远端骨折合并Ⅰ型尺骨茎突骨折对术后腕关节功能无明显影响,可选择不进行内固定;而当合并Ⅱ型尺骨茎突骨折,对腕关节功能及预后有显著影响,应进行内固定治疗以促进腕关节功能恢复,改善预后。