脂餐负荷后血清甘油三酯反应水平与颈动脉内中膜厚度的关系

探讨餐后血浆富含甘油三酯脂蛋白蓄积与劝脉粥样硬化的关系。方法４２例经冠状动脉造影证实的男性冠心病患者接受了标准口服脂肪餐负荷试验,分别于餐前及虎后２、４、６、８小时测定血清甘油三酯浓度及空腹血清载脂蛋白Ｂ、高密度脂蛋白胆固浓度。     

他汀类药物对血清甘油三酯的作用

为观察他汀类药物对血清甘油三酯的作用及治疗前基础血清甘油三酯水平对其治疗作用的影响,本文分析了１９９４－１９９８年期间进行的辛伐他汀和洛伐他汀两项中心临床药物试验。治疗前血清总胆固醇≥５．９８ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,甘油三酯≤４．５２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,按治疗前基础血清甘油三酯水平分组：辛伐他汀试验者１６６例,口服辛伐他汀１０ｍｇ／ｄ;洛伐他汀试验者１４６例,口服洛伐他汀２０ｍｇ／ｄ疗程均为８周。     

高效液相色谱测定血清甘油三酯的研究——一种参考方法的建议

目的　建立特异、精密的血清总甘油和游离甘油测定方法 ,以便甘油三酯测定标准化。方法　以 1,2 ,4 丁三醇作内标 ,用柱前衍生高效液相色谱技术分析血清皂化前后的甘油含量 (两者分别代表血清游离甘油和总甘油浓度 )。结果　测定总甘油相对不精密度小于 2 % ,游离甘油小于 4% ;总甘油平均回收率 10 0 0 % ,游离甘油 99 7% ,与同位素稀释 /质谱法的相对偏差不大于± 2 %。结论方法特异、精密、简单 ,可望用作血清甘油三酯测定参考方法。     

Metabolic Abnormalities in Offspring of NIDDM Patients with a Family History of Diabetes Mellitus

NIDDM appears to be an inherited condition. Our aim was to identify early metabolic abnormalities in non-diabetic offspring with one NIDDM parent and with a strongly positive (n = 58, age 27.8 ± 7.0 years) or a negative family history (n = 38, age 27.4 ± 6.7 years) of diabetes. These were compared with 31 offspring of non-diabetic parents (age 26.9 ± 5.5 years). After an overnight fast, blood was taken for glucose, insulin, C-peptide, insulin receptors, and lipids. All the subjects underwent a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. The positive family history group had significantly higher fasting levels of triglycerides (1.09 ± 0.24 vs control subjects: CS: 0.93 ± 0.16 mmol l⁻¹, p < 0.001), insulin (102.8 ± 46.4 vs CS: 77.5 ± 32.4 pmol l⁻¹, p < 0.01) and C-peptide (0.69 ± 0.22 vs CS: 0.61 ± 0.19 nmol l⁻¹, p < 0.05) and lower numbers of insulin receptors per red cell (9.1 × 10³ (4.5–18.1, 95 % confidence intervals) vs CS: (11.2 × 10³ (6.3–19.9)), p < 0.01, despite similar blood glucose levels. After a glucose challenge (120 min), the increases in both insulin and C-peptide concentrations were significantly greater in the positive family history group (289.2 ± 214.1 pmol l⁻¹, 2.23 ± 1.48 nmol l⁻¹), respectively, than in CS (192.4 ± 170.3 pmol l⁻¹, p < 0.05) (1.54 ± 0.99 nmol l⁻¹ p < 0.01), respectively. No significant differences were found in fasting and post-challenge glucose levels. The negative family history group had significantly lower numbers of insulin receptors 9.4 × 10³ (4.1–15.2) compared with CS (p < 0.05). Insulin sensitivity was significantly reduced in the positive family history group (41.6 %) compared with control subjects (51.9 %), p < 0.01. The results strongly support the familial basis of the disease.     

Zinc deficiency and a high-fat diet during growth: Metabolic and adipocyte alterations in rats

Background and aimsTo evaluate the effects of a high-fat diet during post-weaning growth on intermediate metabolism and retroperitoneal adipose tissue, in adult male rats exposed to adequate or deficient zinc intake during prenatal and postnatal life.Methods and resultsFemale Wistar rats were fed low- or control-zinc diets from pregnancy to offspring weaning. Male offspring born from control mothers were fed either control or high-fat, control-zinc diets for 60 days. Male offspring born from zinc deficient mothers were fed either low-zinc or high-fat, low-zinc diets for 60 days. At 74 days of life, oral glucose tolerance test was performed. In 81-day-old offspring, blood pressure, lipid profile, plasmatic lipid peroxidation and serum adiponectin level were determined. In retroperitoneal adipose tissue, we evaluated oxidative stress, morphology and adipocytokines mRNA expression. Low-zinc diet induced adipocytes hypertrophy, increased oxidative stress, and decreased adiponectin mRNA expression in adipose tissue. Low-zinc diet increased systolic blood pressure, triglyceridemia, plasmatic lipid peroxidation and glycemia at 3 h after glucose overload. Animals fed high-fat or high-fat, low-zinc diets showed adipocytes hypertrophy, decreased adiponectin mRNA expression, and increased leptin mRNA expression and oxidative stress in adipose tissue. They also exhibited decreased serum adiponectin levels, increased triglyceridemia, plasmatic lipid peroxidation and area under the oral glucose tolerance curve. High-fat, low-zinc diet induced greater alterations in adipocyte hypertrophy, leptin mRNA expression and glucose tolerance test than high-fat diet.ConclusionZinc deficiency since early stages of intrauterine life could increase susceptibility to metabolic alterations induced by high-fat diets during postnatal life.     

Documento de consenso para la determinación e informe del perfil lipídico en laboratorios clínicos españoles: ¿Qué parámetros debe incluir un perfil lipídico básico?

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) continue to be the main cause of death in our country. Adequate control of lipid metabolism disorders is a key challenge in cardiovascular prevention that is far from being achieved in real clinical practice. There is a great heterogeneity in the reports of lipid metabolism from Spanish clinical laboratories, which may contribute to its poor control. For this reason, a working group of the main scientific societies involved in the care of patients at vascular risk, has prepared this document with a consensus proposal on the determination of the basic lipid profile in cardiovascular prevention, recommendations for its realization and unification of criteria to incorporate the lipid control goals appropriate to the vascular risk of the patients in the laboratory reports.     

Nutrition,body composition and physical activity have differential impact on the determination of lipidemic blood profiles between young females with different blood cholesterol concentrations

IntroductionThis cross-sectional study explored whether nutrition, body composition, and physical activity energy expenditure (PAΕΝ) have a differential impact on lipidemic blood profiles among young females with different blood cholesterol concentrations.MethodsOne hundred thirty-five young female students (N = 135) were allocated into three groups according to their blood cholesterol concentrations (Chol): (A) Normal [NL; Chol: < 200 mg·dL^-1; n = 56 Age: 21.4 ± 2.6 yrs, Body Mass Index (BMI): 22.1 ± 2.0 kg·m^-2], (B) Borderline (BL; Chol: ≥200 mg·dL^-1 and <240 mg·dL^-1; n = 44 Age: 21.6 ± 2.5 yrs, BMI: 24.2 ± 3.1 kg·m^-2) and (C) High level (HL; Chol: ≥240 mg·dL^-1; n = 35 Age: 22.5 ± 2.4 yrs, BMI: 28.9 ± 2.1 kg·m^-2). Body composition [bioelectrical impedance analysis including lean body mass (LBM) and body fat mass], nutritional intake (recall questionnaire), daily physical activity energy expenditure through activity trackers and resting blood lipids concentrations were evaluated.ResultsMultiple linear regression analyses revealed that in the NL group, lean mass, daily PAΕΝ and daily energy balance were the determinant parameters of blood lipidemic profiles (B: ?0.815 to 0.700). In the BL group, nutrition, body composition and daily physical activity energy expenditure exhibited similar impacts (B: ?0.440 to 0.478). In the HL group, nutritional intake and body fat mass determined blood lipidemic profile (B: ?0.740 to 0.725).ConclusionNutrition, body composition and daily PAΕΝ impact on blood lipids concentration is not universal among young females. In NL females, PAEN, energy expenditure and LBM are the strongest determinants of blood lipids, while in HL females, nutritional intake and body fat mass are. As PAΕΝ increases, the importance of nutrition and body fat decreases, and vice versa.     

The association of prediabetes with dietary patterns,life behavior and cardiovascular risk factors among adult population without previously diagnosed non-communicable diseases

Background and aimsPrediabetes and its risk factors are difficult to recognize because there may be no clear symptoms in that stage of diabetes mellitus (DM) progression. This cross-sectional study aims to examine associations between prediabetes and potential risk factors among adult population without previously diagnosed non-communicable diseases.Methods and resultsStudy participants (n = 30823) were selected all over China. Their dietary, life behavior and laboratory data were obtained through questionnaires, physical examination or biochemical measurement. Factor analysis was applied to identify dietary patterns. Non-proportional odds model was applied to analyze associations between those data and stages of DM progression. The prevalence of prediabetes and DM was 20.6% and 4.5%, respectively. Two dietary patterns were identified: the first pattern was characterized by high consumption of diverse plant- and animal-based food items, and the second pattern was characterized by high consumption of starchy food items. The risk of prediabetes was inversely associated with sufficient sleep duration (OR: 0.939, 95% CI: 0.888–0.993) and the second pattern (OR: 0.882, 95% CI: 0.850–0.914), but not significantly associated with the first pattern (OR: 1.030, 95% CI: 0.995–1.067). High density lipoprotein cholesterol was inversely associated with DM risk (OR: 0.811, 95% CI: 0.667–0.986) but not prediabetes (OR: 1.035, 95% CI: 0.942–1.137).ConclusionsThe prevalence of undetected prediabetes was high among adult population, and some factors may exert different effects on different stages of DM progression. Dietary diversity, which was reflected by the first pattern to a certain extent, may be not significantly associated with risk of prediabetes.     

血清微小 RNA-33、微小 RNA-122水平与冠心病病人 Gensini积分的相关性分析

目的 探究血清微小RNA(miR)-33、miR-122水平与冠心病病人Gensini积分的相关性.方法 以随机抽签法选取2014年1月至2015年12月在南阳市第一人民医院行冠脉造影术的200例冠心病病人为冠心病组,并根据病变涉及冠脉支数将其分成单支、2支、3支病变组,Gensini评分计算冠脉病变严重程度;另外对照组120例.采用实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)检测冠心病组和对照组血清中miR-33和miR-122表达水平,采用Pearson分析法分析血清miR-33和miR-122水平与Gensini积分的相关性,采用logistic多重回归分析冠心病发生的危险因素.结果 与对照组相比,冠心病组病人在年龄、性别、腰臀比、血清肌酐异常和冠心病家族史方面无差异(P>0.05),冠心病组病人吸烟情况、高血压病史、糖尿病病史比例均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),血清三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL)水平、血清中miR-33、miR-122水平显著上调(P<0.05);冠心病组中,2支组、3支组miR-33水平分别为(0.48±0.07)、(0.62±0.13),miR-122水平分别为(5.19±0.32)、(5.63±0.24),Gensini积分分别为(22.49±7.03)分、(65.57±15.32)分,均较单支组(0.37±0.04)、(4.89±0.56)、(9.43±3.68)分显著升高(P<0.001),且均随病变支数增加而增加,两两比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);Pearson结果 显示,miR-33、miR-122水平与冠心病病人Gensini积分均呈正相关(r=0.706、0.458,P<0.05);logistic回归结果 显示,血清LDL含量、miR-33、miR-122水平及年龄是冠心病的独立危险因素(OR=1.862,95％CI:1.359～2.57;OR=4.157,95％CI:2.597～6.654;OR=4.196,95％CI:2.362～7.453,OR=1.824,95％CI:1.213～2.454).结论 血清miR-33、miR-122水平是评价冠心病的独立危险因素,miR-33、miR-122水平均随着Gensini积分增加而增加,可能与冠心病严重程度有关.