RCT of a promising vocational/employment program for high-risk juvenile offenders

Juvenile offenders with substance use problems are at high risk for deleterious long-term outcomes. This study evaluated the capacity of a promising vocational and employment training program in the building sector (i.e., Community Restitution Apprenticeship-Focused Training, CRAFT) to mitigate such outcomes through enhanced employment and education. Participants were 97 high-risk juvenile offenders (mean age = 15.8 years) randomized to CRAFT versus education as usual (EAU) intervention conditions. Multi-method procedures measured employment, education, substance use, mental health, and criminal outcomes through a 30-month post-baseline follow-up. CRAFT was significantly more effective than EAU at increasing rates of youth employment and GED attendance. Intervention effects were not observed, however, for months employed, hours worked, or hourly wage. Measures of youth substance use, mental health symptoms, and criminal activity showed no favorable or iatrogenic effects. The potential of CRAFT was modestly supported, and suggestions were made for future research.     

A Nontraditional Faculty Development Initiative Using a Social Media Platform

Objective. To assess the outcomes from an 11-year nontraditional professional development activity implemented by female faculty members at several colleges and schools of pharmacy.Design. Within the context of an online fantasy football league, faculty members practiced community-based faculty development strategies, including peer mentoring, skills development, constructive feedback and other supportive behaviors.Assessment. Data were extracted from curriculum vitae to characterize the academic progress of participants and to quantify scholarly work collaborations among league members. Analyses were limited to members who had participated in the league for 10 or more consecutive years. Seventy-one collaborative scholarly works occurred among team managers, including presentation of 20 posters and 2 oral presentations at national or international meetings, publication of 29 peer-reviewed articles and 15 book chapters, and funding of 5 research projects.Conclusion. Social media platforms can foster nontraditional faculty development and mentoring by enhancing connectivity between pharmacy educators who share similar interests.     

Modafinil combined with cognitive training is associated with improved learning in healthy volunteers – A randomised controlled trial

Improving cognition in people with neuropsychiatric disorders remains a major clinical target. By themselves pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches have shown only modest effects in improving cognition. In the present study we tested a recently-proposed methodology to combine CT with a ‘cognitive-enhancing’ drug to improve cognitive test scores and expanded on previous approaches by delivering combination drug and CT, over a long intervention of repeated sessions, and used multiple tasks to reveal the cognitive processes being enhanced. We also aimed to determine whether gains from this combination approach generalised to untrained tests. In this proof of principle randomised-controlled trial thirty-three healthy volunteers were randomised to receive either modafinil or placebo combined with daily cognitive training over two weeks. Volunteers were trained on tasks of new-language learning, working memory and verbal learning following 200 mg modafinil or placebo for ten days. Improvements in trained and untrained tasks were measured. Rate of new-language learning was significantly enhanced with modafinil, and effects were greatest over the first five sessions. Modafinil improved within-day learning rather than between-day retention. No enhancement of gains with modafinil was observed in working memory nor rate of verbal learning. Gains in all tasks were retained post drug-administration, but transfer effects to broad cognitive abilities were not seen. This study shows that combining CT with modafinil specifically elevates learning over early training sessions compared to CT with placebo and provides a proof of principle experimental paradigm for pharmacological enhancement of cognitive remediation.     

试论基层药学服务的高职药学专业课程体系改革

目的 探讨高职药学专业课程体系改革,使学生具备在基层开展药学服务的能力.方法 分析现有高职药学专业课程体系存在的问题,研究基层药学服务的基本需求,有针对性地进行高职药学专业课程体系的改革.结果 长期以来,我国高职药学教育沿袭“化学—药学教育模式”,培养出来的学生化学知识丰富,生物医学知识贫乏,与药学服务工作相关的能力比较薄弱.结论 通过理论教学体系和实践教学体系两个方面的改革,强化医学类课程教学,加强专业课程的优化整合,注重交叉学科课程的开设,新增人文学科知识,践行情景式的实验教学,探索“双元制”的教学模式,培养出来的学生能基本满足在基层开展药学服务的需要.     

基于职业岗位的高职药学人才培养方案的课程构建

目的通过调研药学专业毕业生的职业岗位任务,探索高职药学人才培养方案。方法调研高职药学生的就业岗位,分析执行工作任务时所必须具备的专业知识、能力和素质,制定以职业岗位导向的人才培养方案。结果结合职业岗位制定实用性人才培养方案。结论制定切合职业岗位的人才培养方案,更好地提高高职药学专业人才培养质量。     

盆底肌锻炼对老年前列腺电切术后暂时性尿失禁的影响

目的探讨盆底肌锻炼对老年前列腺汽化电切术后暂时性尿失禁的影响。方法将60例老年前列腺汽化电切患者随机分为实验组和对照组各30例,两组按老年前列腺汽化电切术后护理常规进行护理,实验组在此基础上实施盆底肌锻练,术后3个月评价患者排尿功能情况,比较两组术后尿频、尿急、尿失禁发生率。结果实验组术后发生尿频1例（4％）,尿急2例（7％）,尿失禁Ⅰ度4例（14％）、Ⅱ度2例（7％）;对照组术后发生尿频6例（20％）,尿急5例（17％）,尿失禁Ⅰ度9例（30％）、Ⅱ度4例（14％）、Ⅲ度1例（4％）;两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论盆底肌锻炼是一种简单、易行、有效的方法,能有效预防和降低术后尿失禁的发生,对缩短术后尿失禁的持续时间有积极的作用。     

神经外科就业实习护生的带教与培训

随着我国医药卫生体制改革的不断深化,临床护理逐渐从功能制转变为整体护理。作为即将进入工作岗位就业实习的护生来说,难以适应当前的岗位要求。神经外科是医院风险高发区域,因此要有针对性进行岗前培训。通过重视护生的入科宣教、合理安排带教、保证教学内容落到实处、注重提高带教水平、加强教师素质培养、组织小讲座、引导护生自主学习、培养护生观察、解决问题的能力及应急能力等方面的实施,使护生顺利完成实习与工作之间的衔接。     

早期针灸治疗结合功能训练对脑卒中患者的疗效及生存质量的影响

目的 评价早期针灸治疗结合功能训练对脑卒中患者的临床疗效及生存质量的影响。方法 选取2009年1月~2013年12月本院收治的73例脑卒中患者,随机分为两组,其中对照组36例,给予功能训练;观察组37例,在对照组的基础上给予早期针灸治疗;治疗12周后比较两组的临床疗效与生活质量评分。结果 观察组神经功能缺损评分（NDS）为（22.5±3.4）分,对照组为（28.1±6.2）分,两组的比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;观察组生存质量测定量表（QOL）评分为（77.9±6.7）分,对照组为（70.3±3.2）分,两组的比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 早期针灸治疗结合功能训练对脑卒中患者的临床疗效显著,能有效提高其生存质量,值得临床推广应用。     

葛根异黄酮对运动训练大鼠血液生化指标及抗氧化的影响

[摘目的探讨葛根异黄酮对运动训练大鼠血液生化指标及抗氧化的影响。方法将健康雄性sD大鼠分为安静组、训练组、训练组＋不同剂量的葛根异黄酮组。通过游泳运动训练比较各组大鼠血清中血液生化指标（谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、血糖、全血血红蛋白）及抗氧化能力（超氧化物歧化酶的活性、丙二醛的含量）。结果100．0、200．0mg／kg的葛根异黄酮能显著升高运动训练大鼠的血清超氧化物歧化酶活性、血糖、全血血红蛋白含量（P〈0．05）,并显著降低丙二醛含量和谷草转氨酶活性（P〈0．05）。结论葛根异黄酮对运动训练大鼠具有明显的抗氧化作用,可明显改善血液生化指标。     

Utilization of a training portfolio in thoracic and cardiovascular surgery: the example of the French platform-EPIFORM

Thoracic and cardiovascular surgery requires learning both theoretical knowledge and technical skills. In this surgical field, several disparities exist between the different training programs around the world. This report describes the implementation of a portfolio in the teaching and assessment of French trainees in Thoracic and Cardiovascular surgery, following an electronic logbook model, aiming to improve the training program. The French surgical course is a twelve semesters’ curriculum divided in 3 parts, each part containing knowledge, technical skills and behaviors objectives to be validated, defined by the French College of Thoracic and Cardiovascular surgery. The competencies are marked in the logbook, following a declarative model where the surgical trainee fills every surgical procedure attended (all or part) if he/she has observed, partially or fully performed, or supervised another trainee. All the surgical procedures are linked to theoretical e-learning lessons and each e-learning lesson includes a self-evaluation. This constitutes a competency-based assessment model with milestones both for surgeon trainees and their mentors. This portfolio also contains complementary tools such as an automated publication point calculation, a formatted curriculum vitae generator, and several contact tools between trainees. Implementation of a dedicated portfolio following an electronic logbook model appears to be a relevant pedagogic tool and survey element in the thoracic and cardiovascular surgery training program. Its use may lead to potential educational benefits for the trainee, reliable competency assessment for the supervising surgeon and for scientific society or national college.